Question 1

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking.Maura's parents yell at her,ground her for a month,and take away her television and iPhone for two months.Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally,they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner.Most likely,Maura's parents are __________ and Trish's are __________.

Accepted Answer

An authoritarian parenting style leaves little to no room for exchange between parent and child,and obedience is expected.Authoritative parents encourage their children to solve problems and make decisions.

Question 2

Daryl is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school.However,the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades,and in several instances his friends have laughed at the things he has done.Based on Erikson's theory,Daryl may develop:

Accepted Answer

An 8-year-old is in the industry versus inferiority stage.

Question 3

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated.Isabella's parents are firm as well,but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior.In terms of the parenting styles discussed in your text,Hailey's parents are _________; Isabella's are __________.

Accepted Answer

An authoritarian parenting style leaves little to no room for exchange between parent and child,and obedience is expected.Authoritative parents are more likely to reason with their children.

Question 4

Bonnie is 3 months old and her parents attend only inconsistently to her needs.Sometimes they are very attentive feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset.Other times,Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her.Based on Erikson's theory,it is likely that Bonnie will develop:

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's theory,and infant's first challenge is trust versus mistrust.

Question 5

Which of the following stages of psychosocial development appears in adulthood rather than in childhood?

Accepted Answer

The stage of integrity vs. despair occurs in adulthood, specifically in late adulthood (ages 65+), according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory. The other options occur in childhood. A is initiative vs. doubt (ages 3-5), C is industry vs. inferiority (ages 5-12), and D is basic trust vs. mistrust (ages 0-1).

Question 6

According to Erikson,if a 9-year old elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage that corresponds with a 9-year-old child is industry versus inferiority. In this stage, children need to master new skills and knowledge, or they will develop a sense of inferiority. Therefore, if a child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge, the result may be the development of a sense of inferiority.

Question 7

To 6,his third stage,as characterized by the major challenge of:

Accepted Answer

The third stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is "initiative versus guilt," which occurs during the preschool years.

Question 8

Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist.His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question or they know there will be harsh consequences.Diana Baumrind would describe Germain's parenting style as:

Accepted Answer

An authoritarian parenting style leaves little to no room for exchange between parent and child,and obedience is expected.

Question 9

Between the ages of 6 and 12 children strive to develop a sense of competence arising from their work and effort.Erikson refers to this stage of life as:

Accepted Answer

Erikson refers to the stage between ages 6 and 12 as "Industry versus Inferiority." During this stage, children strive to develop a sense of competence in their work and effort, and may experience feelings of inferiority if they believe they are not meeting expectations or are not skilled in certain areas.

Question 10

From the late teens into the mid-20s,individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _________ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The term "emerging adulthood" is widely used in the field of developmental psychology to describe the transitional period between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood, typically spanning from the late teens to mid-20s. This stage is characterized by a range of key developmental tasks, such as identity exploration, pursuing higher education or vocational training, and establishing independence from family of origin.

Question 11

Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions,so they set very few rules about homework,bedtime,and household chores.Because they believe that freedom and responsibility are important,they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior,whether childish or mature.The parenting style adopted by Walter's parents is termed:

Accepted Answer

Parents who make few demands and do not discipline are said to be permissive.

Question 12

Years old,and she likes to help her mother when it is time for supper.However,her mother is often quick tempered at the end of the day,scolding Elizabeth when she tries to help.Her mother finds she can get things done more quickly if Elizabeth stays out of the way.Based on Erikson's theory,Elizabeth may develop:

Accepted Answer

Elizabeth is in the Eriksonian stage of initiative versus guilt.Elizabeth's mom is unfortunately nudging her toward the "guilt" end.

Question 13

Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own will?

Accepted Answer

The psychosocial crisis that revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own will is autonomy versus shame and doubt. In this stage, which typically occurs during early childhood, children are learning to assert their independence and develop a sense of control over their own lives. They need to be allowed to make choices and decisions, even if they are small ones, in order to develop a sense of autonomy. If they are overly restricted or criticized, they may begin to feel ashamed or uncertain of their abilities, leading to a sense of doubt.

Question 14

Like any 4-month-old,Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers.When Amy cries,her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs.According to Erikson,Amy is developing a sense of:

Accepted Answer

Infants whose needs are consistently met come to trust their caregivers,and this trust helps promote attachment.

Question 15

According to Erikson,the first challenge in a child's development is that of:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the first stage is trust versus mistrust. During this stage, which occurs from birth to 18 months, infants learn to either trust or not trust their caregivers based on the consistency and responsiveness of their care. This lays the foundation for the child's sense of basic trust or basic mistrust, which shapes their future relationships and overall attitude towards the world.

Question 16

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore.She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major.Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Many theorists refer to the time between the late teens and the early twenties as emerging adulthood.

Question 17

Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best.They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without question,and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not.In terms of the parenting styles discussed in your textbook,Joan's parents are:

Accepted Answer

An authoritarian parenting style leaves little to no room for exchange between parent and child,and obedience is expected.

Question 18

If a child successfully navigates this stage of psychosocial development,they will assert their will and act independently.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is the stage of psychosocial development that focuses on a child's ability to assert their independence and control over their own actions. If the child successfully navigates this stage, they will develop a sense of autonomy and self-confidence. If they fail, they may develop feelings of doubt and shame about their abilities.

Question 19

The period of life that serves as a bridge between childhood and adulthood is called

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the period of life between childhood and adulthood, typically spanning the teenage years. It is characterized by physical, emotional, and social changes, as well as exploration and experimentation as individuals begin to develop their own identities and independence.

Question 20

In Erikson's __________stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behavior for a purpose.

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage of psychosocial development (ages 3-6), preschoolers are challenged to control their own behavior for a purpose. They are encouraged to take initiative and plan activities, but also must learn to follow the rules and consider the feelings of others. This stage is important for developing a sense of competence and self-esteem.

Quiz 9: Lifespan Development