Question 1

Cells that are triggered by light,vibrations,sounds,touch,or chemical substances are called ________.
A)ganglion cells
B)bipolar cells
C)ossicles
D)sensory receptors

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that respond to different stimuli such as light, vibrations, sounds, touch, and chemical substances. Ganglion cells and bipolar cells are types of neurons found in the retina of the eye, while ossicles are small bones that aid in the transmission of sound waves in the ear. None of these options cover the definition of cells that respond to different stimuli, making choice D the best answer.

Question 2

__________ is the process of detecting our environment through touch,taste,sight,sound,and smell.
A)Perceptions
B)Emotions
C)Cognitions
D)Sensations

Accepted Answer

Sensations refer to the process of detecting our environment through our senses, including touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell. Sensations are the raw data that our brain receives from our senses. Perceptions, on the other hand, refer to the interpretation and organization of these sensory inputs into meaningful information. Emotions and cognitions are related to higher cognitive processes such as feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.

Question 3

The term just noticeable difference is synonymous with ______ threshold.
A)separation
B)response
C)difference
D)absolute

Accepted Answer

The just noticeable difference, also known as JND, refers to the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli. This is the threshold at which an individual can perceive a difference in stimulation. Therefore, the best choice is C, which is "difference."

Question 4

The smallest or weakest amount of a particular stimulus required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the __________ threshold.
A)absolute
B)minimum sensory
C)difference
D)barely noticeable

Accepted Answer

The absolute threshold is the smallest or weakest amount of a particular stimulus required to produce any sensation at all in a person, meaning that without this minimum level of stimulation, no signal can be detected by our senses. The minimum sensory threshold, on the other hand, refers to the smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected, and the difference threshold is the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli. Barely noticeable threshold is not a commonly recognized term in psychology, and is not as precise as the other options.

Question 5

Signal detection theory proposes that perceiving a sensory stimulus involves:
A)attention to external stimuli.
B)attention to internal stimuli.
C)attention to external and internal stimuli.
D)attention to subliminal stimuli.

Accepted Answer

This theory suggests that perception is based on one's attention to both internal and external events that are occurring at the time of a stimulus.

Question 6

Percent of the time it is presented is called the ______.
A)absolute threshold
B)range threshold
C)difference threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Accepted Answer

The absolute threshold is the minimum intensity of a stimulus that one can detect 50% of the time.

Question 7

The ________ threshold is the smallest amount of change in sensation that a person can detect.
A)captured
B)delta
C)absolute
D)difference

Accepted Answer

The difference threshold, also known as the just noticeable difference (JND), is the smallest amount of change in a stimulus that can be detected.

Question 8

Martha is writing a paper that addresses a process in which sensory receptors become less sensitive to repeated presentations of the same stimulus.What is the primary topic of Martha's essay?
A)sensation
B)sensory fatigue
C)sensory adaptation
D)discrimination

Accepted Answer

Martha is writing about how ongoing exposure to the exact same (unchanging)stimulus will cause us to become less responsive to that stimulus.This is sensory adaptation.

Question 9

The study of ________ examines the relationship between physical stimuli and our psychological responses to those events.
A)transduction
B)psychophysics
C)neuroanatomy
D)Gestalt photometrics

Accepted Answer

Psychophysics is the branch of psychology that studies the relationship between physical stimuli (like light or sound) and the psychological responses to them. It focuses on how our sensory systems (like vision or hearing) perceive and process information from the world around us.

Question 10

The lowest stimulus intensity required for detection is the __________ and the smallest noticeable difference between a standard stimulus intensity and another stimulus value is the __________.
A)absolute threshold; difference threshold
B)base value; just noticeable difference (jnd)
C)response criterion; sensory constant
D)difference threshold; absolute threshold

Accepted Answer

These two thresholds indicate the difference between just picking up on a stimulus and noticing that a given stimulus has changed.

Question 11

Percent of the time it is presented is called the ___________.
A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)psychophysical threshold

Accepted Answer

The answer of Percent of the time it is presented...

Question 12

When Ann went to her doctor he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones.The tones started at a low intensity and then became louder.The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she started to hear a sound.The doctor was testing Ann's ________.
A)auditory convergence
B)absolute threshold
C)refractory threshold
D)difference threshold

Accepted Answer

An absolute threshold refers to the minimum intensity at which a stimulus must be presented to be detected by the average person 50% of the time.

Question 13

Activation of specific receptors by stimuli is called ________.
A)perception
B)sensation
C)adaptation
D)habituation

Accepted Answer

Activation of specific receptors by stimuli is known as sensation. Perception involves the interpretation of sensory information. Adaptation is the decrease in sensitivity to a repeated or continuous stimulus. Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.

Question 14

Sensation is to perception as ________ is to ________.
A)stimulation; recognition
B)awareness; interpretation
C)interpretation; awareness
D)organization; interpretation

Accepted Answer

The stimulation of our sensory receptors by energy from the world around us is sensation.The process by which that energy is interpreted into recognized patterns is perception.

Question 15

Ernst Weber provided a formulation that is used to determine the ______________.
A)varying fraction of change that occurs before just noticeable differences in the same sensory system can be detected
B)smallest detectable stimulus between two stimuli of different sensory systems
C)largest detectable difference between two stimuli that can occur before the change becomes undetectable
D)constant fraction of change that must occur if a difference from the original stimulus is to be detected

Accepted Answer

Ernst Weber's formulation is known as Weber's law, which states that the just noticeable difference between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli. Specifically, Weber's law suggests that a constant fraction of change must occur in a stimulus if a difference from the original stimulus is to be detected. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which describes the constant fraction of change that must occur for a difference to be detected.

Question 16

Suppose you are given a page that is filled to the edges with black "As" and you are instructed to scan the page for the only gray "8" on the page.The fact that you are able to find that one stimulus against a background of many constant stimuli can be explained by:
A)inattentional blindness.
B)the principle of continuity.
C)amplitude modification.
D)retinal disparity.

Accepted Answer

In this case you would "turn off" your attention to all of the As and focus only on looking for a gray 8.This ability to disregard irrelevant stimuli is called inattentional blindness.

Question 17

The principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged is called ______.
A)the opponent-process principle
B)the doctrine of specific nerve energies
C)the phi phenomenon
D)Weber's law

Accepted Answer

The principle described in the question is Weber's law. This law states that the difference threshold, or just noticeable difference, is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus. In other words, the stronger the stimuli, the more the stimuli must be changed in order for a person to notice the difference. This principle has been shown to apply to various senses, such as vision, hearing, and touch.

Question 18

The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste,touch,smell,and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called __________________.
A)transformation
B)sensory adaptation
C)transmutation
D)transduction

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation refers to the process by which sensory receptor cells become less responsive to constant stimuli from the environment over time. This allows the brain to focus on detecting changes in the environment rather than unchanging sensory information. The other answer choices are not related to this process. Transformation typically refers to the process of changing one form of energy into another, while transmutation refers to the conversion of one element into another through nuclear reactions. Transduction refers to the process by which sensory information is converted into electrical signals that can be processed by the nervous system.

Question 19

Suppose Maria is painting her bedroom while the sun is setting.After a while she decides to stop because she suddenly notices that the room has gotten darker.Maria's experiences illustrate the role of ________ in sensation.
A)Weberian threshold
B)a just-noticeable difference
C)absolute threshold
D)bias

Accepted Answer

This example demonstrates a just noticeable difference,because Maria identifies that the room has gone sufficiently dark to necessitate quitting work.

Question 20

Which of the following has been found to be lower in people who suffer from autism?
A)absolute thresholds of some aspects of vision,sound,and touch
B)absolute thresholds of some elements of smell and taste
C)just noticeable differences of smell and taste
D)difference thresholds of vision and smell

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that people with autism have lower absolute thresholds in some aspects of vision, sound, and touch. This means they are more sensitive to certain sensory stimuli compared to neurotypical individuals.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception

Cells that are triggered by light,vibrations,sounds,touch,or chemical substances are called ________.

__________ is the process of detecting our environment through touch,taste,sight,sound,and smell.

The term just noticeable difference is synonymous with ______ threshold.

The smallest or weakest amount of a particular stimulus required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the __________ threshold.

Signal detection theory proposes that perceiving a sensory stimulus involves:

Percent of the time it is presented is called the ______.

The ________ threshold is the smallest amount of change in sensation that a person can detect.

Martha is writing a paper that addresses a process in which sensory receptors become less sensitive to repeated presentations of the same stimulus.What is the primary topic of Martha's essay?

The study of ________ examines the relationship between physical stimuli and our psychological responses to those events.

The lowest stimulus intensity required for detection is the and the smallest noticeable difference between a standard stimulus intensity and another stimulus value is the .

Percent of the time it is presented is called the ___________.

When Ann went to her doctor he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones.The tones started at a low intensity and then became louder.The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she started to hear a sound.The doctor was testing Ann's ________.

Activation of specific receptors by stimuli is called ________.

Sensation is to perception as is to .

Ernst Weber provided a formulation that is used to determine the ______________.

Suppose you are given a page that is filled to the edges with black "As" and you are instructed to scan the page for the only gray "8" on the page.The fact that you are able to find that one stimulus against a background of many constant stimuli can be explained by:

The principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged is called ______.

The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste,touch,smell,and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called __________________.

Suppose Maria is painting her bedroom while the sun is setting.After a while she decides to stop because she suddenly notices that the room has gotten darker.Maria's experiences illustrate the role of ________ in sensation.

Which of the following has been found to be lower in people who suffer from autism?