Question 1

Sleepwalking or somnambulism typically occurs during REM sleep as the person acts out his or her dream.

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking or somnambulism typically occurs during non-REM sleep, specifically during the slow-wave sleep stage. During this stage, the person is not dreaming.

Question 2

There is evidence that some people can undergo painful procedures with no anesthesia other than hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that some people can undergo procedures like dental work, surgery, and childbirth with no anesthesia other than hypnosis. Hypnosis can help alleviate pain and anxiety for some individuals. However, not everyone is susceptible to hypnosis and it may not be effective for everyone. It is also important to note that hypnosis should always be performed by a trained professional.

Question 3

As a general rule, children younger than ten years of age cannot be hypnotized.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Children as young as 3 years old can be hypnotized, but it may require a different approach compared to adults. However, it is important to note that hypnosis should only be performed by trained professionals and with the consent and awareness of the child's parent or guardian.

Question 4

According to the imaginative suggestibility explanation of hypnosis, some people are highly responsive to suggestions whether they are hypnotized or not.

Accepted Answer

According to the imaginative suggestibility explanation of hypnosis, some people are highly responsive to suggestions whether they are hypnotized or not, making them more likely to respond to hypnotic suggestions.

Question 5

Hypermnesia is one of the most powerful effects of hypnosis, providing a reliable way to enhance the accuracy of dim or faint memories.

Accepted Answer

Hypermnesia under hypnosis does not reliably enhance the accuracy of memories; it can often lead to the creation of false or distorted memories instead.

Question 6

Sleepwalking or somnambulism is characterized by an episode of walking (or performing other actions) that typically occurs during NREM stage 3 or 4 slow-wave sleep.

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking, or somnambulism, usually occurs during the deeper stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which includes stages 3 and 4 known as slow-wave sleep.

Question 7

According to the neodissociation theory of hypnosis, consciousness is split into two separate streams of mental activity during hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

According to the neodissociation theory of hypnosis, consciousness is split into two separate streams of mental activity during hypnosis: the hypnotized self and the observing self.

Question 8

The effects of posthypnotic suggestions can linger for years if they are not removed by some signal from the hypnotist.

Accepted Answer

The effects of posthypnotic suggestions typically diminish over time without the need for a specific signal from the hypnotist to remove them. They usually last for a short period and are not known to persist for years.

Question 9

Sleepsex is a parasomnia that involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during NREM stage 3 and 4 slow-wave sleep, including masturbation, sleepsex talking, groping or fondling their bed partner's genitals, or sexual intercourse.

Accepted Answer

Sleepsex is indeed a parasomnia that involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during NREM stage 3 and 4 slow-wave sleep.

Question 10

People with sleep-related eating disorder sometimes consume bizarre items, like raw bacon, slices of soap, or tubs of butter.

Accepted Answer

This is true. People with sleep-related eating disorder can consume unusual items that they would not typically eat while awake, including raw bacon, soap, or other non-food items.

Question 11

Ernest Hilgard developed the social-cognitive explanation of hypnosis, which argues that normal social psychological processes can account for hypnotic phenomena.

Accepted Answer

Ernest Hilgard is best known for his neodissociation theory of hypnosis, which suggests that hypnosis causes a split in consciousness.

Question 12

The "hidden observer" is a research technique using a concealed person to test whether people are truly hypnotized or faking their responses during scientific studies.

Accepted Answer

The "hidden observer" refers to a theory proposed by Ernest Hilgard to explain phenomena observed during hypnosis, suggesting that even when a person is hypnotized, there is a part of their consciousness that remains aware of what is happening. This concept does not involve using a concealed person to test the authenticity of hypnotic states.

Question 13

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) involves episodes of frequent sleepwalking to the kitchen and compulsive eating during stage 3 and 4 NREM slow-wave sleep, with no memory of the episodes upon awakening in the morning.

Accepted Answer

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a real disorder in which individuals engage in frequent sleepwalking to the kitchen and compulsive eating during stage 3 and 4 NREM slow-wave sleep. They have no memory of the episodes upon awakening in the morning.

Question 14

The neodissociation theory of hypnosis argues that hypnosis is not a special state of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The neodissociation theory of hypnosis, proposed by Ernest Hilgard, suggests that hypnosis is indeed a special state of consciousness characterized by a division or dissociation of consciousness into different streams.

Question 15

Under hypnosis, people temporarily lose their sense of initiative and voluntarily follow the hypnotist's instructions, yet they cannot be forced to do something against their will.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Hypnotized individuals are still able to maintain their sense of personal agency and free will, and cannot be compelled to do something that goes against their moral code or personal values.

Question 16

Consistent with popular belief, you can be hypnotized against your will.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis cannot be forced upon someone against their will. It requires the cooperation and willingness of the individual being hypnotized.

Question 17

Highly hypnotizable people tend to be those who can become deeply absorbed in imaginary experiences, such as reading novels or watching movies, and who approach hypnosis with a positive, responsive attitude.

Accepted Answer

Highly hypnotizable people are often those who can become deeply absorbed in imaginary experiences and approach hypnosis with a positive, receptive attitude.

Question 18

Hypnotically induced age regression can produce vivid, accurate recall of your earliest experiences.

Accepted Answer

Hypnotically induced age regression may produce vivid memories, but these memories are not reliably accurate and can be influenced by suggestion, leading to the creation of false or distorted memories.

Question 19

Hypnosis can enhance your physical skills or athletic ability by increasing self-confidence and concentration.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been shown to improve athletic performance by helping individuals increase their focus and self-confidence. It can be used to reduce performance anxiety or help athletes overcome mental blocks that may be holding them back. Additionally, hypnosis can be used to help individuals visualize and mentally rehearse successful performances, which may help them perform better in actual competitions.

Question 20

A parasomnia in which the sleeper sleepwalks and eats compulsively is called REM sleep behavior disorder.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is called Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (SRED), not REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder involves acting out dreams due to muscle paralysis failure during REM sleep, not compulsive eating while sleepwalking.

Quiz 4: Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations