Question 1

According to Erik Erikson intimacy versus isolation is a key psychosocial task that must be resolved during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Intimacy versus isolation is a key psychosocial task that must be resolved during young adulthood, not adolescence, according to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Question 2

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescents can achieve an integrated, stable, and relatively permanent sense of personal identity during the identity versus role confusion stage.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that adolescents can successfully develop a stable sense of identity during the identity versus role confusion stage if they are able to explore different aspects of themselves and make meaningful commitments to values, beliefs, and goals. This leads to a positive sense of self and the ability to navigate future challenges in a confident manner.

Question 3

When 8-year-old Jack is asked by his mother to tidy up his room, he does so because he knows that she will then stop nagging him. Kohlberg would say that Jack is operating at the preconventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the preconventional level is characterized by a focus on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. Jack's behavior of tidying his room to avoid his mother's nagging fits this description.

Question 4

The three distinct levels of moral reasoning that Kohlberg proposed are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development proposes three distinct levels of moral reasoning - preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Question 5

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development the key psychosocial conflict confronting the adolescent is industry versus inferiority.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies industry versus inferiority as the key psychosocial conflict confronting children aged 6 to 12. The key psychosocial conflict confronting adolescents is identity versus role confusion.

Question 6

Lawrence Kohlberg is best known for his research with infants, showing that they develop event-specific expectations rather than general principles, and that object permanence emerges at an earlier age than believed.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Lawrence Kohlberg is actually best known for his theory of moral development, which proposes that individuals progress through a series of stages in their reasoning about ethical dilemmas. The statement in the question may be referring to the work of developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, who studied infant cognition and found that object permanence develops at around 8 months of age.

Question 7

In Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, the post-conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws. The conventional level, however, is characterized by a focus on social norms and conformity.

Question 8

In Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is actually characterized by moral reasoning that goes beyond social norms and rules, and individuals begin to develop their own ethical principles and beliefs. They prioritize universal ethical principles over adherence to societal norms and laws.

Question 9

According to psychoanalyst Erik Erikson each stage of the lifespan is marked by a particular conflict that can be resolved in either a psychologically positive or negative way.

Accepted Answer

This is a core concept in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Each stage is characterized by a particular crisis or struggle that the individual faces, and how they handle this conflict can have lasting effects on their personality, relationships, and overall well-being.

Question 10

Moral reasoning is defined as an aspect of cognitive development that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions.

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning is indeed defined as a cognitive process that involves how an individual reasons about moral decisions.

Question 11

Lila likes helping her teacher with classroom chores and enjoys the praise she gets for being a good student and for following the rules. Kohlberg would say that Lila is operating at the conventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development suggests that individuals go through three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. At the conventional level, individuals are focused on following the rules and norms of society and gaining praise from others. Lila's behavior of helping her teacher and seeking praise from her teacher indicates that she is operating at the conventional level of moral reasoning.

Question 12

Important limitations of Kohlberg's theory are: (1) moral reasoning doesn't always predict moral behavior, and (2) people don't necessarily respond to real-life dilemmas as they do to hypothetical dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development does have important limitations, one of which is that moral reasoning may not always be predictive of actual moral behavior. Additionally, people may respond differently to real-life moral dilemmas compared to hypothetical scenarios presented to them in research studies.

Question 13

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with an adolescent's degree of physical maturation than with cultural and social expectations and norms.

Accepted Answer

The beginning of dating is more strongly influenced by cultural and social expectations and norms than by an adolescent's degree of physical maturation. Cultural and social contexts shape the understanding and practices of dating, including when it is considered appropriate to start dating.

Question 14

Placido always drives at the posted speed limit because the speeding laws were established by the authorities and should be obeyed. In terms of Kohlberg's theory, Placido is at the postconventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Placido is demonstrating behavior consistent with the conventional level of moral reasoning, specifically the "law and order" orientation, where an individual follows rules and respects authority.

Question 15

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development there are three levels of moral reasoning. Each level has two stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development does indeed propose three levels of moral reasoning, with each level comprising of two different stages.

Question 16

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage six from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants demonstrated stage six moral reasoning, and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg and his colleagues did indeed drop stage six from his theory of moral reasoning due to the lack of evidence for clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles."

Question 17

The theorist who proposed that the development of moral reasoning involves distinct stages that unfold in an age-related, step-by-step fashion is Lawrence Kohlberg.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg proposed the theory of moral development that involves distinct stages unfolding in an age-related, step-by-step fashion.

Question 18

In Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning the preconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the preconventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory.

Question 19

Kyle is 8 years old. When playing games with his classmates, he believes that they should all obey the rules of the games so that it is fair for everyone. Kyle is in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's moral development model.

Accepted Answer

Kyle's belief that rules should be followed to ensure fairness aligns with the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's model, in which individuals make decisions based on avoiding punishment or seeking rewards.

Question 20

Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person conforms to conventional standards of society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the...

Quiz 9: Section 3: Lifespan Development