Question 1

Consistent with recommendations regarding professional ethics,post-test feedback to testtakers
A) must avoid any information that may arouse anxiety.
B) should focus on only "positive" findings.
C) should be accurate and understandable.
D) will always use diagnostic labels sparingly.

Accepted Answer

Post-test feedback should be accurate and understandable to enable testtakers to understand the results and what they mean for them. Arousal of anxiety or using diagnostic labels sparingly may not necessarily be applicable in all cases and may depend on the individual's specific needs and circumstances. Also, focusing only on "positive" findings may not provide a complete picture of the results and may not be beneficial to the testtaker overall.

Question 2

Ability tests developed using samples of White testtakers cannot be used to track African-American students in the school system.This was the essence of the ruling in which of the following court cases?
A) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
B) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
C) Debra P. v. Turlington (1981)
D) Hobson v. Hanson (1967)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ability tests developed using samples of White...

Question 3

The fact that employment testing materials and procedures must be essential to the job and not discriminate against persons with disabilities is attributable to which legislation?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D) Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that employment testing materials and...

Question 4

Which legislation provided that all children with suspected mental or physical disabilities must be evaluated periodically by a team of professionals?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D) Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Accepted Answer

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, also known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), established the right of all children with disabilities to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment possible. This act mandated that children with disabilities be periodically evaluated by a team of professionals to determine their eligibility for special education services.

Question 5

A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable for
A) incompetency.
B) negligence.
C) abuse.
D) malpractice.

Accepted Answer

The term "malpractice" refers to professional negligence or failure to provide a proper standard of care. Therefore, if a psychologist does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances, they may be found liable for malpractice.

Question 6

Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
C) Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)
D) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)

Accepted Answer

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974) resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists have a duty to warn and protect third parties if their patient poses a threat to them, even if this requires breaching confidentiality.

Question 7

Which court case resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California?
A) Hobson v. Hanson (1967)
B) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
C) Debra P. v. Turlington (1981)
D) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)

Accepted Answer

The court case Larry P. v. Riles (1979) resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California.

Question 8

Which legislation provided that employers,when making employment decisions with ability tests,cannot use different cutoff scores on the basis of race,religion,sex,or national origin?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D) Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the legislation that prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin in employment decisions. This includes using different cutoff scores on ability tests for different groups. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 pertains to discrimination against individuals with disabilities, not race, religion, sex, or national origin. The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 pertains to the privacy of education records. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and pertains to the education of students with disabilities.

Question 9

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D) Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)

Accepted Answer

The court case that resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so is Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995). In this case, the Supreme Court held that all racial classifications, whether imposed by federal, state, or local authorities, must be analyzed under strict scrutiny and that affirmative action policies could only be used if they were narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest.

Question 10

In the everyday practice of psychological assessment,how do questions and issues about a testtaker's proficiency in the English language typically get resolved?
A) by a determination based on the number of years of formal education in English
B) by the score achieved on a test of English as a Second Language
C) on a case-by-case basis
D) informal evaluation of comprehension of "knock-knock" jokes

Accepted Answer

In psychological assessment, questions and issues about a test-taker's proficiency in the English language typically get resolved on a case-by-case basis, taking into account factors such as the person's cultural background, educational history, and language proficiency. This may involve using an interpreter or adapting test materials to account for language differences. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to addressing language proficiency in psychological assessment, so it is important to approach each case individually. A and B may be helpful in some cases, but they are not sufficient on their own. D is not a valid option for resolving issues of language proficiency in psychological assessment.

Question 11

Which legislation provided that parents and eligible students be given access to school records?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D) Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

Accepted Answer

The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) provided that parents and eligible students (over the age of 18) be given access to school records. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) prohibits discrimination based on disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EHA) was the predecessor to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and ensured that children with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education.

Question 12

Which organization published Technical Recommendations for Psychological and Diagnostic Tests?
A) the American Psychological Association
B) the American Educational Research Association
C) the National Council on Measurement in Education
D) the Council for Exceptional Children

Accepted Answer

The Technical Recommendations for Psychological and Diagnostic Tests were published by the American Psychological Association (APA).

Question 13

Which court case culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D) Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)

Accepted Answer

The court case that culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters was Allen v. District of Columbia (1993).

Question 14

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D) Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)

Accepted Answer

Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) is the court case that resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts.

Question 15

Which legislation modified privacy standards thus restricting the way that mental health providers can use patients' personal information?
A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997
C) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

Accepted Answer

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 modified privacy standards, restricting the way that mental health providers can use patients' personal information. This act established national standards for protecting the privacy of individuals' health information and ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information.

Question 16

Which court case resulted in the ruling for the first time that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
C) Chan v. Yale University (1996)
D) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)

Accepted Answer

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) resulted in the ruling that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions, but also established that racial quotas violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.

Question 17

A general ability test predicted job performance but was found to be discriminatory because Whites scored better on it on average than African-Americans.This is a reference to which of the following court cases?
A) Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
B) Jafee v. Redmond (1996)
C) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
D) Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody (1976)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A general ability test predicted job performance...

Question 18

One of the consequences of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)is that
A) it enabled clients to sue mental health professionals for over-charging.
B) psychotherapy notes require more stringent protection than other types of records.
C) mental health professionals may not bill for completing insurance paperwork.
D) service providers must provide confidential information to health insurance companies.

Accepted Answer

The HIPAA regulations require psychotherapy notes to receive additional protection beyond other types of records, including the need for specific client authorization for release. This is to ensure that sensitive and personal information shared in therapy is protected and not easily accessible without the client's explicit consent. The other options listed are not accurate consequences of HIPAA.

Question 19

Which court case reaffirmed the rights of universities to use race in admissions decisions to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body?
A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Malcolm v. Las Vegas Technical School (2008)
C) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
D) Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)

Accepted Answer

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) reaffirmed the principles of diversity articulated in Bakke and held that the University of Michigan Law School could consider race as one of many factors in its admissions process because it had a compelling interest in diversity to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body.

Question 20

As mentioned in your text,which of the following is a means of safeguarding test records?
A) storing records at an external storage facility away from the office
B) only allowing security officials to have computer passwords
C) installing and maintaining a special alarm system in the record storage room
D) storing test records in a locked filing cabinet

Accepted Answer

Storing test records in a locked filing cabinet is the best means of safeguarding test records as it restricts access to authorized personnel only.

Quiz 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical Considerations

Consistent with recommendations regarding professional ethics,post-test feedback to testtakers

Ability tests developed using samples of White testtakers cannot be used to track African-American students in the school system.This was the essence of the ruling in which of the following court cases?

The fact that employment testing materials and procedures must be essential to the job and not discriminate against persons with disabilities is attributable to which legislation?

Which legislation provided that all children with suspected mental or physical disabilities must be evaluated periodically by a team of professionals?

A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable for

Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered?

Which court case resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California?

Which legislation provided that employers,when making employment decisions with ability tests,cannot use different cutoff scores on the basis of race,religion,sex,or national origin?

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so?

In the everyday practice of psychological assessment,how do questions and issues about a testtaker's proficiency in the English language typically get resolved?

Which legislation provided that parents and eligible students be given access to school records?

Which organization published Technical Recommendations for Psychological and Diagnostic Tests?

Which court case culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters?

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts?

Which legislation modified privacy standards thus restricting the way that mental health providers can use patients' personal information?

Which court case resulted in the ruling for the first time that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions?

A general ability test predicted job performance but was found to be discriminatory because Whites scored better on it on average than African-Americans.This is a reference to which of the following court cases?

One of the consequences of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is that

Which court case reaffirmed the rights of universities to use race in admissions decisions to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body?

As mentioned in your text,which of the following is a means of safeguarding test records?