Question 1

Many large companies and organizations,as well as government agencies,hire experts in assessment to help make certain that their hiring and promotion practices result neither in disparate treatment nor disparate impact.This is so because
A) the mere allegation of discrimination can be a source of great expense for any employer.
B) being found guilty of disparate treatment has resulted in jail time for corporate employees.
C) being found guilty of disparate impact has resulted in exorbitant fines to organizations.
D) None of these.

Accepted Answer

The concern over allegations of discrimination stems from the potential financial and reputational damage they can cause to an employer, even before any legal judgment is made.

Question 2

When a claim of discrimination is made,an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT
A) the competencies actually assessed by the test.
B) the relation of competencies assessed to the job.
C) differential weighting of items on the test.
D) whether the test was true/false or multiple-choice.

Accepted Answer

The type of test format (e.g. true/false or multiple-choice) is not typically relevant to evaluating the quality of a test in relation to discrimination claims. Instead, it is more relevant to evaluate the competencies being assessed, their relevance to the job, and potential differential weighting of items on the test.

Question 3

When a test must be administered with an aid of a translator,
A) subtle nuances of meaning may be "lost in translation."
B) pre-training for the translator is desirable.
C) pre-training for the assessor is desirable.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

When using a translator, subtle nuances of meaning may be lost in translation, so pre-training for both the translator and the assessor is desirable to ensure that the assessment is accurate and reliable.

Question 4

The Common Core State Standards was the product of
A) a Department of Education mandate to create a nationwide K-12 curriculum.
B) a law passed in 1969 designed to go into effect at such time that No Child Left Behind expired.
C) a state-led effort to bring inter-State uniformity to proficiency standards in various academic subjects.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The Common Core State Standards were a state-led effort to bring uniformity to proficiency standards in various academic subjects across different states. It was not a Department of Education mandate to create a nationwide K-12 curriculum, nor was it a law passed in 1969.

Question 5

Discrimination may occur as the result of
A) intentional action on the part of an employer.
B) unintentional action on the part of an employer.
C) both intentional action on the part of an employer and unintentional action on the part of an employer.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Discrimination can occur both intentionally and unintentionally. Intentional discrimination is when an employer knowingly treats employees unfairly based on protected characteristics such as race, gender, or age. Unintentional discrimination occurs when an employer's policies or practices have a discriminatory impact on certain groups, even if discrimination was not the employer's intent.

Question 6

Indirectly,the USSR's launch of Sputnik had the effect of
A) increasing cold war fears and raising defense budgets.
B) galvanizing public interest in education and testing.
C) compelling significant changes to the MMPI.
D) decreasing public skepticism with regard to the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indirectly,the USSR's launch of Sputnik had the...

Question 7

Typically,when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an employer,a claim is made that hiring,promotion,or some related employment decisions are systematically being made
A) without regard to race or ethnic background.
B) in accordance with undefined rules that favor one race or another.
C) that exclude military veterans from consideration for positions.
D) on the basis of some non-job-related variable.

Accepted Answer

The claim in a Title VII charge of discrimination is that employment decisions are being made on the basis of some non-job-related variable, such as race, gender, religion, or national origin. Hiring or promotion decisions that are not based on job qualifications and performance are considered discriminatory and violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

Question 8

The ruling of the U.S.Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v.DeStefano had implications for the ways in which government agencies can
A) disclose test scores to testtakers who have taken a psychological test.
B) use test data from applicants who have received vocational rehabilitation services.
C) institute race-conscious remedies in hiring and promotional practices.
D) store and retain records of a psychological nature.

Accepted Answer

The ruling in Ricci v. DeStefano made it more difficult for government agencies to institute race-conscious remedies in their hiring and promotional practices. The court ruled that employers cannot discard the results of promotional exams that have already been administered simply because the results do not yield the outcomes that the employer desires. This has implications for government agencies and their ability to use race-conscious remedies in their hiring and promotion practices. Options A, B, and D are not related to the ruling in this case.

Question 9

The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards.Standards ______________ while guidelines ___________
A) are aspirational; must be followed.
B) must be followed; are aspirational.
C) are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
D) are aspirational; must be followed and are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.

Accepted Answer

Standards must be followed, while guidelines are aspirational and provide recommendations or suggestions for best practices but are not mandatory.

Question 10

"Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?" This was the question before the court in the case of
A) Mitchell v. State.
B) Allen v. District of Columbia.
C) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
D) Jaffee v. Redmond.

Accepted Answer

In Mitchell v. State, the court held that a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination does not violate the defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination as long as the examination is limited to determining the defendant's mental state and does not require the defendant to make any incriminating statements. Therefore, A) Mitchell v. State is the correct choice.

Question 11

An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT
A) the costs of fees paid to attorneys.
B) the cost of fees paid to judges.
C) the cost of retrieval, scanning and storage of records.
D) the costs attendant to improving and restructuring hiring and promotion protocols.

Accepted Answer

Employers accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for expenses such as attorney fees, record retrieval and storage costs, and improving hiring and promotion protocols. However, fees paid to judges are not a typical expense in a discrimination lawsuit.

Question 12

The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that
A) intentionally resulted in a discriminatory result.
B) unintentionally resulted in a claim of libel.
C) resulted in a claim of libel regardless of the employer's intent.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Disparate impact refers to practices in employment, housing, or other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied are formally neutral. None of the provided options accurately describe disparate impact since they either imply intention (A), relate to libel (B, C), or do not encompass the essence of disparate impact, which is about unintentional discrimination that occurs through ostensibly neutral practices.

Question 13

To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient,a tool of assessment used by Neil Krishan Aggarwal is
A) the MMPI.
B) the Culture-Specific Battery (CSB).
C) the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI).
D) the Culture Free Assessment Schedule (CFAS).

Accepted Answer

The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) is a tool of assessment used to better focus on the cultural identity of a patient. The CFI is a set of 16 questions that help clinicians to understand the cultural context of a patient's mental health concerns. It is considered an important tool in culturally sensitive and responsive healthcare practice. A, B, and D are not specific to cultural identity assessment.

Question 14

Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are employment discrimination cases.In this context,discrimination is defined as the practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor
A) and preserve the civil rights of any United States citizen who has been convicted of a crime.
B) and give preference to bona fide and naturalized citizens of the United States.
C) members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
D) members of any single group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination under Title VII refers to the practice of making distinctions in selection decisions that tend to systematically favor members of a majority group, such as white males, over members of other groups, regardless of actual qualifications for positions. This is known as disparate impact discrimination, and it is prohibited under Title VII. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the type of discrimination addressed by Title VII.

Question 15

The practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for a position is called
A) discrimination.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) compensation.
D) None of these.

Accepted Answer

Reverse discrimination is the practice of giving preferential treatment to members of a minority group in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions, regardless of their qualifications. This is often done to address the effects of past discrimination against the group. Discrimination, on the other hand, is making distinctions or preferences in employment decisions based on factors like race, gender, or age. Compensation refers to the total package of pay and benefits offered to an employee.

Question 16

The legal term disparate treatment refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that
A) was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome.
B) unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
C) both was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome and unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
D) None of these.

Accepted Answer

Disparate treatment refers to intentional discrimination, where an employer's actions are deliberately aimed to treat someone unfavorably because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 17

The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by
A) verbal attacks by politicians.
B) demonstrations by teachers.
C) demonstrations by parents.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

All choices are correct. The controversy surrounding the Common Core State Standards has resulted in verbal attacks by politicians, demonstrations by teachers, and demonstrations by parents.

Question 18

As discussed in the text,examinations in ancient China for civil service positions were,for the most part,
A) only open to men.
B) only open to members of affluent families.
C) open to all citizens.
D) open to all citizens and immigrants.

Accepted Answer

Examinations for civil service positions in ancient China were restricted only to men, and women were not allowed to take these exams.

Question 19

According to Neil Krishan Aggarwal,culture influences
A) when, where, how, and to whom patients narrate their experiences of distress.
B) the patterning of symptoms recognized as illnesses.
C) expectations about how long treatment should take.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Culture influences all aspects mentioned in options A, B, and C. It impacts how individuals express and interpret their experiences of distress, which in turn affects symptom recognition and expectations about treatment duration.

Question 20

In his clinical practice as a ___________,Neil Krishan Aggarwal focuses on cultural aspects of mental health.
A) psychologist
B) social worker
C) psychotherapist
D) psychiatrist

Accepted Answer

As a psychiatrist, Neil Krishan Aggarwal is a medical doctor who specializes in mental health and can prescribe medication, but can also provide psychotherapy. Additionally, psychiatrists are trained to consider cultural factors that may impact a patient's mental health, making it the most appropriate choice among the given options.

Quiz 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical Considerations

Many large companies and organizations,as well as government agencies,hire experts in assessment to help make certain that their hiring and promotion practices result neither in disparate treatment nor disparate impact.This is so because

When a claim of discrimination is made,an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT

When a test must be administered with an aid of a translator,

The Common Core State Standards was the product of

Discrimination may occur as the result of

Indirectly,the USSR's launch of Sputnik had the effect of

Typically,when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an employer,a claim is made that hiring,promotion,or some related employment decisions are systematically being made

The ruling of the U.S.Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v.DeStefano had implications for the ways in which government agencies can

The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards.Standards ____ while guidelines _

"Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?" This was the question before the court in the case of

An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT

The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient,a tool of assessment used by Neil Krishan Aggarwal is

Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are employment discrimination cases.In this context,discrimination is defined as the practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor

The practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for a position is called

The legal term disparate treatment refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by

As discussed in the text,examinations in ancient China for civil service positions were,for the most part,

According to Neil Krishan Aggarwal,culture influences

In his clinical practice as a ___________,Neil Krishan Aggarwal focuses on cultural aspects of mental health.