Question 1

A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend.The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan.In this situation,the psychologist has a duty to
A) keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy.
B) keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy.
C) warn the endangered third party or call the police.
D) contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client's motivation and plan of action.

Accepted Answer

In this situation, the psychologist has a duty to warn the endangered third party or call the police to prevent harm from occurring. Confidentiality can be breached in cases where there is an imminent danger to self or others, and it is the psychologist's ethical and legal responsibility to take action to protect the potential victim(s). Keeping the information privileged or confidential could result in harm to the girlfriend, which would be contrary to the ethical and moral values of the psychologist's profession. Contacting the client for an emergency session may not be sufficient to prevent harm, given the gravity of the threat, and the psychologist may not have the necessary training or resources to protect the potential victim effectively. Therefore, option C is the best choice for this situation.

Question 2

Which behavioral scientist viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation?
A) Cattell
B) Darwin
C) Wundt
D) Witmer

Accepted Answer

Wundt viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation and believed that experiments should be conducted on groups rather than individuals in order to obtain more accurate data.

Question 3

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by
A) test publishers.
B) professional organizations.
C) Congress.
D) Both test publishers and professional organizations.

Accepted Answer

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed jointly by test publishers and professional organizations. It was first formulated in 1985 and revised in 1999, reflecting the commitment of these groups to fair and ethical testing practices.

Question 4

Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-positive,
A) most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for "good faith" disclosure to an at-risk third party.
B) the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature.
C) most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one's HIV-positive diagnosis.
D) the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature.

Accepted Answer

Most states have enacted legislation that allows psychologists to breach confidentiality in cases where a testtaker is HIV-positive and may pose a risk of infecting others. These laws provide limits to confidentiality regarding one's HIV-positive diagnosis. However, the duty to warn is not absolute, and psychologists must carefully balance the ethical and legal obligations to maintain confidentiality with the duty to protect third parties from harm.

Question 5

For over 3,000 years,open and competitive examinations were administered in China.What these examinations measured could BEST be described as
A) honesty.
B) integrity.
C) perseverance.
D) proficiency.

Accepted Answer

The open and competitive examinations administered in China for over 3,000 years were designed to test the proficiency of the candidates in areas such as literature, history, mathematics, and law. These exams were aimed at selecting the best candidates for government positions based on their knowledge and skills, rather than their social status or family connections. Therefore, proficiency is the most appropriate description of what these examinations measured.

Question 6

Which is TRUE of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?
A) Relatives of the patient must arrange a consultation with an Oregon-licensed psychologist or psychiatrist who must be available to consult with the family for a one-year period subsequent to the patient's demise.
B) The patient must have less than a year to live to be covered by this Act.
C) A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The Death with Dignity Act in Oregon allows a patient with a terminal illness to request a prescription for medication to end their life in a humane and dignified manner. The patient must be a resident of Oregon, mentally competent, and have less than six months to live. The Act does not require a consultation with a psychologist or psychiatrist before the medication is prescribed. However, if the prescribing physician believes the patient may have impaired judgment or psychopathology, they may refer the patient for an evaluation by either a licensed psychologist or psychiatrist.

Question 7

In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting "death with dignity" assistance,the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient's
A) family support system.
B) competency to make a life-ending decision.
C) level and sensitivity to pain.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The psychological assessment of a dying patient requesting "death with dignity" must include an evaluation of the patient's family support system, their competency to make a life-ending decision, and their level and sensitivity to pain. All of these factors are important in determining whether the patient's request for assisted death is appropriate and ethical. Therefore, the best choice is D, which encompasses all of the above factors.

Question 8

During World War I,Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of
A) intelligence.
B) emotional stability.
C) conscientious objection.
D) patriotism.

Accepted Answer

Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed the Personal Data Sheet, which was a measure of emotional stability to screen soldiers for susceptibility to shell shock.

Question 9

Who coined the term "mental test"?
A) Alfred Binet
B) James Cattell
C) Victor Henri
D) Charles Spearman

Accepted Answer

James Cattell was the first to use the term "mental test" in the late 19th century, marking a significant development in the field of psychological assessment.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard?
A) He raised questions about how meaningful intelligence tests were for people of diverse backgrounds.
B) He used intelligence test data to argue against capital punishment for the "feebleminded."
C) He advocated for the institutionalization or sterilization of the mentally retarded to prevent future generations from having low intelligence.
D) He developed a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants.

Accepted Answer

Henry Goddard did not develop a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants. This statement is false.

Question 11

A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
A) in accordance with an ethical obligation to prevent suicide.
B) if that psychologist had previously treated the dying patient for any psychosis.
C) if the dying patient is a member of the psychologist's family.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Accepting a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act may go against the ethical obligation of psychologists to prevent suicide. The Act permits terminally ill, mentally competent adults in Oregon to voluntarily request and receive a prescription for medication to hasten their death. Psychologists may refuse to participate in any aspect of physician-assisted suicide if it goes against their ethical beliefs or if they feel that it contradicts their duty to protect the patient's well-being.

Question 12

The matter of having test findings held confidential by psychologists is
A) a matter of professional ethics.
B) a right upheld by case law.
C) a right cited in legislation.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The confidentiality of test findings by psychologists is addressed through professional ethics, case law, and legislation, making all of these options correct.

Question 13

In general,testtakers have the right
A) to know why they are being tested.
B) to know the results of the test they took.
C) to know how the test data will be used.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Test takers have the right to know why they are being tested (A), the results of the test they took (B), and how the test data will be used (C). Therefore, all of these options are correct, making D the best choice.

Question 14

An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English.In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language,the test administrator should
A) have a professional translator read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
B) have a friend or family member of the group who is fluent in English and Japanese read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
C) have a teacher fluent in Japanese and English conduct a brief tutorial in English prior to administering the test in English, with specific attention given to the meaning of the wording of key items and corresponding responses.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

None of the provided options effectively eliminate the potential language barrier effects on the accuracy of the intelligence measurement. Each approach still involves significant language-based challenges that could distort the test's results.

Question 15

What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known,well-respected,and widely used test is translated from English into another language?
A) The test will likely become well known, well respected, and widely used in all of the countries throughout the world that speak the language into which the test was translated.
B) The test will be equivalent in content in all of the languages for which it has been translated.
C) The translated test will conform to the letter but not the "spirit" of the original.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The translation of a test from one language to another does not guarantee that it will maintain its status, equivalence in content, or the "spirit" of the original due to cultural, linguistic, and contextual differences.

Question 16

According to your textbook,nonverbal communication or "body language" does not
A) exist in all cultures.
B) impact the perceptions of others.
C) convey the same meaning across cultures.
D) accurately predict which way a poor driver will turn.

Accepted Answer

Nonverbal communication or "body language" varies significantly across different cultures, meaning that a gesture or expression in one culture may have a different meaning or no meaning at all in another.

Question 17

Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules of structure,meaning,and pronunciation?
A) parallel language
B) alternate language
C) spoken dialect
D) regional accent

Accepted Answer

A spoken dialect is a variant of a language that has its own set of rules for structure, meaning, and pronunciation. A dialect may vary based on region, social or ethnic group, or other factors. Parallel language and alternate language are not typically used to describe dialects. A regional accent may be one aspect of a dialect, but does not encompass all of the features that make up a dialect.

Question 18

The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to
A) the test developer.
B) the test user.
C) the testtaker.
D) the test publisher.

Accepted Answer

Privileged communication refers to the confidential and protected communication between a client (in this case, the test taker) and a professional (in this case, the test user) who is legally bound to keep the information confidential. Therefore, the privilege belongs to the test taker.

Question 19

According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals,the responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of
A) professionals with the highest academic degree in psychology.
B) professionals with the necessary training and experience.
C) professionals who have state certification to administer a particular test.
D) professionals who are employed by duly accredited institutions and organizations.

Accepted Answer

The Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals indicate that the responsibility for the use of psychological tests lies with professionals who have the necessary training and experience. While having a high academic degree in psychology or state certification to administer a particular test may be beneficial, it is not the only determining factor in ensuring proper and responsible use of psychological tests. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 20

Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors provide clues regarding
A) intelligence.
B) achievement.
C) ethnicity.
D) motivation.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors, such as body language, gestures, and facial expressions, can provide clues regarding a person's underlying motivations and feelings. For example, avoiding eye contact may indicate discomfort or deception, while a smile may indicate happiness or friendliness. Freud believed that these nonverbal cues could reveal unconscious wishes and desires that a person may not be aware of, and that studying these behaviors could provide insights into a person's personality and psychological well-being.

Quiz 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical Considerations

A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend.The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan.In this situation,the psychologist has a duty to

Which behavioral scientist viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation?

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by

Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-positive,

For over 3,000 years,open and competitive examinations were administered in China.What these examinations measured could BEST be described as

Which is TRUE of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?

In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting "death with dignity" assistance,the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient's

During World War I,Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of

Who coined the term "mental test"?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard?

A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act

The matter of having test findings held confidential by psychologists is

In general,testtakers have the right

An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English.In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language,the test administrator should

What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known,well-respected,and widely used test is translated from English into another language?

According to your textbook,nonverbal communication or "body language" does not

Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules of structure,meaning,and pronunciation?

The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to

According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals,the responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of

Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors provide clues regarding