Deck 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical Considerations

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Question
Many large companies and organizations,as well as government agencies,hire experts in assessment to help make certain that their hiring and promotion practices result neither in disparate treatment nor disparate impact.This is so because

A) the mere allegation of discrimination can be a source of great expense for any employer.
B) being found guilty of disparate treatment has resulted in jail time for corporate employees.
C) being found guilty of disparate impact has resulted in exorbitant fines to organizations.
D) None of these.
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Question
When a claim of discrimination is made,an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT

A) the competencies actually assessed by the test.
B) the relation of competencies assessed to the job.
C) differential weighting of items on the test.
D) whether the test was true/false or multiple-choice.
Question
When a test must be administered with an aid of a translator,

A) subtle nuances of meaning may be "lost in translation."
B) pre-training for the translator is desirable.
C) pre-training for the assessor is desirable.
D) All of these
Question
The Common Core State Standards was the product of

A) a Department of Education mandate to create a nationwide K-12 curriculum.
B) a law passed in 1969 designed to go into effect at such time that No Child Left Behind expired.
C) a state-led effort to bring inter-State uniformity to proficiency standards in various academic subjects.
D) All of these
Question
Discrimination may occur as the result of

A) intentional action on the part of an employer.
B) unintentional action on the part of an employer.
C) both intentional action on the part of an employer and unintentional action on the part of an employer.
D) None of these
Question
Indirectly,the USSR's launch of Sputnik had the effect of

A) increasing cold war fears and raising defense budgets.
B) galvanizing public interest in education and testing.
C) compelling significant changes to the MMPI.
D) decreasing public skepticism with regard to the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Question
Typically,when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an employer,a claim is made that hiring,promotion,or some related employment decisions are systematically being made

A) without regard to race or ethnic background.
B) in accordance with undefined rules that favor one race or another.
C) that exclude military veterans from consideration for positions.
D) on the basis of some non-job-related variable.
Question
The ruling of the U.S.Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v.DeStefano had implications for the ways in which government agencies can

A) disclose test scores to testtakers who have taken a psychological test.
B) use test data from applicants who have received vocational rehabilitation services.
C) institute race-conscious remedies in hiring and promotional practices.
D) store and retain records of a psychological nature.
Question
The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards.Standards ______________ while guidelines ___________

A) are aspirational; must be followed.
B) must be followed; are aspirational.
C) are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
D) are aspirational; must be followed and are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
Question
"Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?" This was the question before the court in the case of

A) Mitchell v. State.
B) Allen v. District of Columbia.
C) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
D) Jaffee v. Redmond.
Question
An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT

A) the costs of fees paid to attorneys.
B) the cost of fees paid to judges.
C) the cost of retrieval, scanning and storage of records.
D) the costs attendant to improving and restructuring hiring and promotion protocols.
Question
The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

A) intentionally resulted in a discriminatory result.
B) unintentionally resulted in a claim of libel.
C) resulted in a claim of libel regardless of the employer's intent.
D) None of these
Question
To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient,a tool of assessment used by Neil Krishan Aggarwal is

A) the MMPI.
B) the Culture-Specific Battery (CSB).
C) the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI).
D) the Culture Free Assessment Schedule (CFAS).
Question
Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are employment discrimination cases.In this context,discrimination is defined as the practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor

A) and preserve the civil rights of any United States citizen who has been convicted of a crime.
B) and give preference to bona fide and naturalized citizens of the United States.
C) members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
D) members of any single group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
Question
The practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for a position is called

A) discrimination.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) compensation.
D) None of these.
Question
The legal term disparate treatment refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

A) was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome.
B) unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
C) both was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome and unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
D) None of these.
Question
The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by

A) verbal attacks by politicians.
B) demonstrations by teachers.
C) demonstrations by parents.
D) All of these.
Question
As discussed in the text,examinations in ancient China for civil service positions were,for the most part,

A) only open to men.
B) only open to members of affluent families.
C) open to all citizens.
D) open to all citizens and immigrants.
Question
According to Neil Krishan Aggarwal,culture influences

A) when, where, how, and to whom patients narrate their experiences of distress.
B) the patterning of symptoms recognized as illnesses.
C) expectations about how long treatment should take.
D) All of these.
Question
In his clinical practice as a ___________,Neil Krishan Aggarwal focuses on cultural aspects of mental health.

A) psychologist
B) social worker
C) psychotherapist
D) psychiatrist
Question
The beginning of the group intelligence testing movement is best associated with

A) the need to identify slow learners in school.
B) the need to identify the best applicant for a job.
C) the military's need to screen the intellectual ability of recruits.
D) the civil service system's need to identify qualified postal workers.
Question
How did the work of Wundt differ from that of Galton,Binet,and James McKeen Cattell?

A) Wundt used standardized psychological tests.
B) Wundt utilized humans and not animal research subjects.
C) Wundt focused on how individuals were the same rather than different.
D) Wundt focused on how individuals were different rather than the same.
Question
Much of 19th-century psychological measurement focused on

A) intelligence.
B) ethics and values.
C) sensory abilities.
D) personality traits.
Question
During the Middle Ages,the focus of early "diagnostic techniques" was on identifying

A) slow learners.
B) those who had scurvy.
C) witches.
D) competent civil service workers.
Question
Today,which of the following groups would be MOST likely to cite the research of Henry H.Goddard in literature it produces for public consumption?

A) The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
B) The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
C) The American Psychological Association (APA)
D) The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
Question
Projective tests may be viewed as remedying a deficiency of which other type of psychological test?

A) intelligence tests
B) proficiency tests
C) self-report tests
D) neurological tests
Question
The testing program that existed in China between 1115 b.c.e.and 1905 is most similar to which of the following today?

A) civil service testing
B) college aptitude testing
C) achievement testing
D) drug abuse testing
Question
Who is credited with being the originator of the psychometric concept of test reliability?

A) Spearman
B) Pearson
C) Kraeplin
D) Tichener
Question
Psychological test data gathered from immigrant assessees at Ellis Island by Henry Goddard was

A) cited extensively in Goddard's best-seller Welcoming Europe's Gifted.
B) used to argue against compulsory sterilization for the "feeble-minded."
C) cited to support anti-immigration arguments and legislation.
D) compiled to determine the incidence of feeble-mindedness worldwide.
Question
Which of the following represents a problem unique to self-report personality tests?

A) Respondents might be unwilling to reveal something negative about themselves.
B) Respondents may be too "low" on the construct being measured for the trait to register properly on the test.
C) The reading ability of respondents may prevent them from responding accurately to items.
D) All of these
Question
As used in the text,the term imperial examinations refers to assessment for

A) knighthood in the Middle Ages.
B) civil service in ancient China.
C) competency to stand trial in Japan.
D) gang membership in Newark, New Jersey.
Question
Persons diagnosed with different psychiatric disorders may have differing capacities to provide truly informed consent.A person suffering from which of the following disorders would have the BEST probability of providing truly informed consent?

A) dementia
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) bipolar disorder
Question
In addition to his test-related "claim to fame," this man was the first football coach at the University of Southern California.He is,of course,

A) Robert S. Woodworth.
B) Henry H. Goddard.
C) Ovide DeCroly.
D) Lightner Witmer.
Question
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be used as an item on a projective test of personality?

A) ink spilled on paper
B) a painting of a rowboat on a lake
C) a cloud
D) a digital clock
Question
In the 1930s,clinical psychology was synonymous with

A) personality testing.
B) mental testing.
C) vocational testing.
D) educational testing.
Question
Research published by Henry H.Goddard supported

A) the pro-life movement.
B) the anti-whaling movement.
C) the eugenics movement.
D) the labor union movement.
Question
Who coined the term mental test in 1890?

A) Binet
B) Cattell
C) Wundt
D) Galton
Question
Which defendant argued (unsuccessfully)in his appeal that his death penalty conviction should be set aside because he was suffering from a mental disease?

A) Tarasoff
B) Daubert
C) Zink
D) Mitchell
Question
Which of the following positions would Galton support?

A) Genius runs in families.
B) Environment is the most important determinant of genius.
C) Genius ruins families.
D) Darwin's theory was overstated.
Question
The mental ability evaluations conducted at Ellis Island could best be characterized as

A) psychological testing.
B) psychological assessment.
C) case-study techniques.
D) role-play.
Question
A body of principles of "right," "proper," or "good" conduct is referred to as a body of

A) laws.
B) ethics.
C) traditions.
D) rules.
Question
Which historical event was the impetus for the awarding of federal funds to schools in an effort to identify gifted and talented students?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the launch of Sputnik
D) the presidential election of 1960
Question
Which of the following is a key provision in "truth in testing" legislation?

A) Only tests approved by APA may be published.
B) Answers keyed "correct" must indeed be correct.
C) Two proofs of identification are required to sit for federal examinations.
D) Test questions and answers must be revealed to all testtakers.
Question
"Truth in testing" laws relate to tests typically administered in

A) elementary and secondary school.
B) nursery school.
C) postsecondary and professional school.
D) hair, makeup, and cosmetology academies.
Question
"Never shoot 'em in the back," "Do not fudge data," and "A captain goes down with his ship" are all BEST characterized under the general heading of

A) laws.
B) ethics.
C) rules.
D) traditions.
Question
An approach to personality assessment that does not employ self-report methods is referred to as

A) a reflective method.
B) a projective method.
C) a factorial method.
D) a nonempirical method.
Question
Which of the following laws requires that an interpreter be available if necessary to provide job selection testing?

A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) English as a Second Language Act of 1992
C) The Hobson and Hansen Amendment of 1991
D) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
Question
The Family Rights and Privacy Act mandated that

A) parents and students have an opportunity to review their school records.
B) all children have a right to attend private schools with public funds.
C) parents and students have no right to challenge the content of school records.
D) families who are victims of identity theft are eligible for special grants.
Question
In which court case did the court find that minimum competency testing in the State of Florida perpetuated the effects of past discrimination?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Debra v. Turlington (1981)
Question
Tests are categorized as

A) level 1, 2, or 3, depending on how difficult it is to administer the test.
B) level A, B, and C, depending on how much testing-related knowledge is necessary to administer the test.
C) level alpha, beta, or gamma, depending on how many years of education are required by testtakers to be admitted for testing.
D) "thumbs up" or "thumbs down" by the APA Council on Testing.
Question
Tests relevant primarily to white middle-class students produce inaccurate and misleading test scores when administered to lower-class African-American students.This was the conclusion of a court in which of the following cases?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Debra v. Turlington (1981)
Question
Griggs v.Duke Power Company and Albemarle Paper Company v.Moody had what issue in common?

A) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because they do not measure the specific skills required for the job
B) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities in that they were unfairly used to terminate employment
C) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because examiners administering the tests were biased
D) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because the test data were used unfairly to determine promotions
Question
What publication presents standards for constructing and using fair and non-discriminative employment tests?

A) Ethical Standards of Psychologists
B) Guidelines for Fair and Nondiscriminative Employment Testing
C) Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
D) Specialty Guidelines in Administering and Interpreting Employment Tests
Question
Public concern about various aspects of psychological testing reached a peak in the

A) 1940s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1970s.
Question
Which of the following terms BEST characterizes the relationship between the enterprise of psychological testing and the public during the 20th century?

A) a love affair
B) just good friends
C) perfect strangers
D) a stormy relationship
Question
In which case was it ruled that all IQ tests used for placement in special education classes for the mentally retarded (developmentally disabled)must be administered in the language in which the student is most fluent?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Smith v. School District of Montgomery County (1951)
Question
In which case was it ruled that employment tests must measure the person for the specific job for which he or she is applying?

A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Aderand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1985)
C) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
D) Grutter v. Bollinger, et al. (2003)
Question
Which of the following was the first personality test to be developed after the first world war?

A) the Bernreuter Personality Inventory
B) the Mooney Problem Checklist
C) the Personal Data Sheet
D) the MMPI
Question
In which case was it ruled that IQ tests cannot be administered to African-American students for the purpose of placement in special education classes?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Smith v. Board of Education (1981)
Question
Henry
A) Murray is the author of a "personology" theory of personality and is best associated with

A) the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) the Thematic Apperception Test.
C) the Draw-A-Person Technique.
D) the Mooney Problem Checklist.
Question
A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend.The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan.In this situation,the psychologist has a duty to

A) keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy.
B) keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy.
C) warn the endangered third party or call the police.
D) contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client's motivation and plan of action.
Question
Which behavioral scientist viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation?

A) Cattell
B) Darwin
C) Wundt
D) Witmer
Question
The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by

A) test publishers.
B) professional organizations.
C) Congress.
D) Both test publishers and professional organizations.
Question
Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-positive,

A) most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for "good faith" disclosure to an at-risk third party.
B) the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature.
C) most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one's HIV-positive diagnosis.
D) the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature.
Question
For over 3,000 years,open and competitive examinations were administered in China.What these examinations measured could BEST be described as

A) honesty.
B) integrity.
C) perseverance.
D) proficiency.
Question
Which is TRUE of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?

A) Relatives of the patient must arrange a consultation with an Oregon-licensed psychologist or psychiatrist who must be available to consult with the family for a one-year period subsequent to the patient's demise.
B) The patient must have less than a year to live to be covered by this Act.
C) A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology.
D) All of these
Question
In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting "death with dignity" assistance,the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient's

A) family support system.
B) competency to make a life-ending decision.
C) level and sensitivity to pain.
D) All of these
Question
During World War I,Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of

A) intelligence.
B) emotional stability.
C) conscientious objection.
D) patriotism.
Question
Who coined the term "mental test"?

A) Alfred Binet
B) James Cattell
C) Victor Henri
D) Charles Spearman
Question
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard?

A) He raised questions about how meaningful intelligence tests were for people of diverse backgrounds.
B) He used intelligence test data to argue against capital punishment for the "feebleminded."
C) He advocated for the institutionalization or sterilization of the mentally retarded to prevent future generations from having low intelligence.
D) He developed a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants.
Question
A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act

A) in accordance with an ethical obligation to prevent suicide.
B) if that psychologist had previously treated the dying patient for any psychosis.
C) if the dying patient is a member of the psychologist's family.
D) All of these
Question
The matter of having test findings held confidential by psychologists is

A) a matter of professional ethics.
B) a right upheld by case law.
C) a right cited in legislation.
D) All of these
Question
In general,testtakers have the right

A) to know why they are being tested.
B) to know the results of the test they took.
C) to know how the test data will be used.
D) All of these
Question
An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English.In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language,the test administrator should

A) have a professional translator read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
B) have a friend or family member of the group who is fluent in English and Japanese read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
C) have a teacher fluent in Japanese and English conduct a brief tutorial in English prior to administering the test in English, with specific attention given to the meaning of the wording of key items and corresponding responses.
D) None of these
Question
What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known,well-respected,and widely used test is translated from English into another language?

A) The test will likely become well known, well respected, and widely used in all of the countries throughout the world that speak the language into which the test was translated.
B) The test will be equivalent in content in all of the languages for which it has been translated.
C) The translated test will conform to the letter but not the "spirit" of the original.
D) None of these
Question
According to your textbook,nonverbal communication or "body language" does not

A) exist in all cultures.
B) impact the perceptions of others.
C) convey the same meaning across cultures.
D) accurately predict which way a poor driver will turn.
Question
Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules of structure,meaning,and pronunciation?

A) parallel language
B) alternate language
C) spoken dialect
D) regional accent
Question
The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to

A) the test developer.
B) the test user.
C) the testtaker.
D) the test publisher.
Question
According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals,the responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of

A) professionals with the highest academic degree in psychology.
B) professionals with the necessary training and experience.
C) professionals who have state certification to administer a particular test.
D) professionals who are employed by duly accredited institutions and organizations.
Question
Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors provide clues regarding

A) intelligence.
B) achievement.
C) ethnicity.
D) motivation.
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Deck 2: Historical, Cultural, and Legalethical Considerations
1
Many large companies and organizations,as well as government agencies,hire experts in assessment to help make certain that their hiring and promotion practices result neither in disparate treatment nor disparate impact.This is so because

A) the mere allegation of discrimination can be a source of great expense for any employer.
B) being found guilty of disparate treatment has resulted in jail time for corporate employees.
C) being found guilty of disparate impact has resulted in exorbitant fines to organizations.
D) None of these.
A
2
When a claim of discrimination is made,an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT

A) the competencies actually assessed by the test.
B) the relation of competencies assessed to the job.
C) differential weighting of items on the test.
D) whether the test was true/false or multiple-choice.
D
3
When a test must be administered with an aid of a translator,

A) subtle nuances of meaning may be "lost in translation."
B) pre-training for the translator is desirable.
C) pre-training for the assessor is desirable.
D) All of these
D
4
The Common Core State Standards was the product of

A) a Department of Education mandate to create a nationwide K-12 curriculum.
B) a law passed in 1969 designed to go into effect at such time that No Child Left Behind expired.
C) a state-led effort to bring inter-State uniformity to proficiency standards in various academic subjects.
D) All of these
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
Discrimination may occur as the result of

A) intentional action on the part of an employer.
B) unintentional action on the part of an employer.
C) both intentional action on the part of an employer and unintentional action on the part of an employer.
D) None of these
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
Indirectly,the USSR's launch of Sputnik had the effect of

A) increasing cold war fears and raising defense budgets.
B) galvanizing public interest in education and testing.
C) compelling significant changes to the MMPI.
D) decreasing public skepticism with regard to the validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Typically,when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an employer,a claim is made that hiring,promotion,or some related employment decisions are systematically being made

A) without regard to race or ethnic background.
B) in accordance with undefined rules that favor one race or another.
C) that exclude military veterans from consideration for positions.
D) on the basis of some non-job-related variable.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
The ruling of the U.S.Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v.DeStefano had implications for the ways in which government agencies can

A) disclose test scores to testtakers who have taken a psychological test.
B) use test data from applicants who have received vocational rehabilitation services.
C) institute race-conscious remedies in hiring and promotional practices.
D) store and retain records of a psychological nature.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards.Standards ______________ while guidelines ___________

A) are aspirational; must be followed.
B) must be followed; are aspirational.
C) are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
D) are aspirational; must be followed and are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
"Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?" This was the question before the court in the case of

A) Mitchell v. State.
B) Allen v. District of Columbia.
C) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
D) Jaffee v. Redmond.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT

A) the costs of fees paid to attorneys.
B) the cost of fees paid to judges.
C) the cost of retrieval, scanning and storage of records.
D) the costs attendant to improving and restructuring hiring and promotion protocols.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

A) intentionally resulted in a discriminatory result.
B) unintentionally resulted in a claim of libel.
C) resulted in a claim of libel regardless of the employer's intent.
D) None of these
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient,a tool of assessment used by Neil Krishan Aggarwal is

A) the MMPI.
B) the Culture-Specific Battery (CSB).
C) the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI).
D) the Culture Free Assessment Schedule (CFAS).
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are employment discrimination cases.In this context,discrimination is defined as the practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that tend to systematically favor

A) and preserve the civil rights of any United States citizen who has been convicted of a crime.
B) and give preference to bona fide and naturalized citizens of the United States.
C) members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
D) members of any single group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
The practice of making distinctions in hiring,promotion,or other selection decisions that systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications for a position is called

A) discrimination.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) compensation.
D) None of these.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
The legal term disparate treatment refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or promotion practice that

A) was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome.
B) unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
C) both was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome and unintentionally resulted in some discriminatory result or outcome.
D) None of these.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by

A) verbal attacks by politicians.
B) demonstrations by teachers.
C) demonstrations by parents.
D) All of these.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
As discussed in the text,examinations in ancient China for civil service positions were,for the most part,

A) only open to men.
B) only open to members of affluent families.
C) open to all citizens.
D) open to all citizens and immigrants.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 121 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
According to Neil Krishan Aggarwal,culture influences

A) when, where, how, and to whom patients narrate their experiences of distress.
B) the patterning of symptoms recognized as illnesses.
C) expectations about how long treatment should take.
D) All of these.
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20
In his clinical practice as a ___________,Neil Krishan Aggarwal focuses on cultural aspects of mental health.

A) psychologist
B) social worker
C) psychotherapist
D) psychiatrist
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21
The beginning of the group intelligence testing movement is best associated with

A) the need to identify slow learners in school.
B) the need to identify the best applicant for a job.
C) the military's need to screen the intellectual ability of recruits.
D) the civil service system's need to identify qualified postal workers.
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22
How did the work of Wundt differ from that of Galton,Binet,and James McKeen Cattell?

A) Wundt used standardized psychological tests.
B) Wundt utilized humans and not animal research subjects.
C) Wundt focused on how individuals were the same rather than different.
D) Wundt focused on how individuals were different rather than the same.
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23
Much of 19th-century psychological measurement focused on

A) intelligence.
B) ethics and values.
C) sensory abilities.
D) personality traits.
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24
During the Middle Ages,the focus of early "diagnostic techniques" was on identifying

A) slow learners.
B) those who had scurvy.
C) witches.
D) competent civil service workers.
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25
Today,which of the following groups would be MOST likely to cite the research of Henry H.Goddard in literature it produces for public consumption?

A) The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
B) The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
C) The American Psychological Association (APA)
D) The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
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26
Projective tests may be viewed as remedying a deficiency of which other type of psychological test?

A) intelligence tests
B) proficiency tests
C) self-report tests
D) neurological tests
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27
The testing program that existed in China between 1115 b.c.e.and 1905 is most similar to which of the following today?

A) civil service testing
B) college aptitude testing
C) achievement testing
D) drug abuse testing
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28
Who is credited with being the originator of the psychometric concept of test reliability?

A) Spearman
B) Pearson
C) Kraeplin
D) Tichener
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29
Psychological test data gathered from immigrant assessees at Ellis Island by Henry Goddard was

A) cited extensively in Goddard's best-seller Welcoming Europe's Gifted.
B) used to argue against compulsory sterilization for the "feeble-minded."
C) cited to support anti-immigration arguments and legislation.
D) compiled to determine the incidence of feeble-mindedness worldwide.
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30
Which of the following represents a problem unique to self-report personality tests?

A) Respondents might be unwilling to reveal something negative about themselves.
B) Respondents may be too "low" on the construct being measured for the trait to register properly on the test.
C) The reading ability of respondents may prevent them from responding accurately to items.
D) All of these
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31
As used in the text,the term imperial examinations refers to assessment for

A) knighthood in the Middle Ages.
B) civil service in ancient China.
C) competency to stand trial in Japan.
D) gang membership in Newark, New Jersey.
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32
Persons diagnosed with different psychiatric disorders may have differing capacities to provide truly informed consent.A person suffering from which of the following disorders would have the BEST probability of providing truly informed consent?

A) dementia
B) major depression
C) schizophrenia
D) bipolar disorder
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33
In addition to his test-related "claim to fame," this man was the first football coach at the University of Southern California.He is,of course,

A) Robert S. Woodworth.
B) Henry H. Goddard.
C) Ovide DeCroly.
D) Lightner Witmer.
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34
Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be used as an item on a projective test of personality?

A) ink spilled on paper
B) a painting of a rowboat on a lake
C) a cloud
D) a digital clock
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35
In the 1930s,clinical psychology was synonymous with

A) personality testing.
B) mental testing.
C) vocational testing.
D) educational testing.
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36
Research published by Henry H.Goddard supported

A) the pro-life movement.
B) the anti-whaling movement.
C) the eugenics movement.
D) the labor union movement.
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37
Who coined the term mental test in 1890?

A) Binet
B) Cattell
C) Wundt
D) Galton
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38
Which defendant argued (unsuccessfully)in his appeal that his death penalty conviction should be set aside because he was suffering from a mental disease?

A) Tarasoff
B) Daubert
C) Zink
D) Mitchell
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39
Which of the following positions would Galton support?

A) Genius runs in families.
B) Environment is the most important determinant of genius.
C) Genius ruins families.
D) Darwin's theory was overstated.
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40
The mental ability evaluations conducted at Ellis Island could best be characterized as

A) psychological testing.
B) psychological assessment.
C) case-study techniques.
D) role-play.
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41
A body of principles of "right," "proper," or "good" conduct is referred to as a body of

A) laws.
B) ethics.
C) traditions.
D) rules.
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42
Which historical event was the impetus for the awarding of federal funds to schools in an effort to identify gifted and talented students?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the launch of Sputnik
D) the presidential election of 1960
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43
Which of the following is a key provision in "truth in testing" legislation?

A) Only tests approved by APA may be published.
B) Answers keyed "correct" must indeed be correct.
C) Two proofs of identification are required to sit for federal examinations.
D) Test questions and answers must be revealed to all testtakers.
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44
"Truth in testing" laws relate to tests typically administered in

A) elementary and secondary school.
B) nursery school.
C) postsecondary and professional school.
D) hair, makeup, and cosmetology academies.
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45
"Never shoot 'em in the back," "Do not fudge data," and "A captain goes down with his ship" are all BEST characterized under the general heading of

A) laws.
B) ethics.
C) rules.
D) traditions.
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46
An approach to personality assessment that does not employ self-report methods is referred to as

A) a reflective method.
B) a projective method.
C) a factorial method.
D) a nonempirical method.
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47
Which of the following laws requires that an interpreter be available if necessary to provide job selection testing?

A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B) English as a Second Language Act of 1992
C) The Hobson and Hansen Amendment of 1991
D) Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
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48
The Family Rights and Privacy Act mandated that

A) parents and students have an opportunity to review their school records.
B) all children have a right to attend private schools with public funds.
C) parents and students have no right to challenge the content of school records.
D) families who are victims of identity theft are eligible for special grants.
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49
In which court case did the court find that minimum competency testing in the State of Florida perpetuated the effects of past discrimination?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Debra v. Turlington (1981)
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50
Tests are categorized as

A) level 1, 2, or 3, depending on how difficult it is to administer the test.
B) level A, B, and C, depending on how much testing-related knowledge is necessary to administer the test.
C) level alpha, beta, or gamma, depending on how many years of education are required by testtakers to be admitted for testing.
D) "thumbs up" or "thumbs down" by the APA Council on Testing.
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51
Tests relevant primarily to white middle-class students produce inaccurate and misleading test scores when administered to lower-class African-American students.This was the conclusion of a court in which of the following cases?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Debra v. Turlington (1981)
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52
Griggs v.Duke Power Company and Albemarle Paper Company v.Moody had what issue in common?

A) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because they do not measure the specific skills required for the job
B) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities in that they were unfairly used to terminate employment
C) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because examiners administering the tests were biased
D) the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because the test data were used unfairly to determine promotions
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53
What publication presents standards for constructing and using fair and non-discriminative employment tests?

A) Ethical Standards of Psychologists
B) Guidelines for Fair and Nondiscriminative Employment Testing
C) Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
D) Specialty Guidelines in Administering and Interpreting Employment Tests
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54
Public concern about various aspects of psychological testing reached a peak in the

A) 1940s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1970s.
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55
Which of the following terms BEST characterizes the relationship between the enterprise of psychological testing and the public during the 20th century?

A) a love affair
B) just good friends
C) perfect strangers
D) a stormy relationship
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56
In which case was it ruled that all IQ tests used for placement in special education classes for the mentally retarded (developmentally disabled)must be administered in the language in which the student is most fluent?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Smith v. School District of Montgomery County (1951)
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k this deck
57
In which case was it ruled that employment tests must measure the person for the specific job for which he or she is applying?

A) Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B) Aderand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1985)
C) Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
D) Grutter v. Bollinger, et al. (2003)
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58
Which of the following was the first personality test to be developed after the first world war?

A) the Bernreuter Personality Inventory
B) the Mooney Problem Checklist
C) the Personal Data Sheet
D) the MMPI
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59
In which case was it ruled that IQ tests cannot be administered to African-American students for the purpose of placement in special education classes?

A) Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B) Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C) Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D) Smith v. Board of Education (1981)
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k this deck
60
Henry
A) Murray is the author of a "personology" theory of personality and is best associated with

A) the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) the Thematic Apperception Test.
C) the Draw-A-Person Technique.
D) the Mooney Problem Checklist.
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61
A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend.The psychologist has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan.In this situation,the psychologist has a duty to

A) keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy.
B) keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy.
C) warn the endangered third party or call the police.
D) contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client's motivation and plan of action.
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62
Which behavioral scientist viewed individual differences as a source of error in experimentation?

A) Cattell
B) Darwin
C) Wundt
D) Witmer
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63
The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by

A) test publishers.
B) professional organizations.
C) Congress.
D) Both test publishers and professional organizations.
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64
Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-positive,

A) most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for "good faith" disclosure to an at-risk third party.
B) the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature.
C) most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one's HIV-positive diagnosis.
D) the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature.
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65
For over 3,000 years,open and competitive examinations were administered in China.What these examinations measured could BEST be described as

A) honesty.
B) integrity.
C) perseverance.
D) proficiency.
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66
Which is TRUE of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?

A) Relatives of the patient must arrange a consultation with an Oregon-licensed psychologist or psychiatrist who must be available to consult with the family for a one-year period subsequent to the patient's demise.
B) The patient must have less than a year to live to be covered by this Act.
C) A psychologist or psychiatrist may be requested to evaluate the patient for impaired judgment and the presence of psychopathology.
D) All of these
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67
In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting "death with dignity" assistance,the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient's

A) family support system.
B) competency to make a life-ending decision.
C) level and sensitivity to pain.
D) All of these
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68
During World War I,Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of

A) intelligence.
B) emotional stability.
C) conscientious objection.
D) patriotism.
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69
Who coined the term "mental test"?

A) Alfred Binet
B) James Cattell
C) Victor Henri
D) Charles Spearman
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70
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard?

A) He raised questions about how meaningful intelligence tests were for people of diverse backgrounds.
B) He used intelligence test data to argue against capital punishment for the "feebleminded."
C) He advocated for the institutionalization or sterilization of the mentally retarded to prevent future generations from having low intelligence.
D) He developed a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants.
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71
A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient under the provisions of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act

A) in accordance with an ethical obligation to prevent suicide.
B) if that psychologist had previously treated the dying patient for any psychosis.
C) if the dying patient is a member of the psychologist's family.
D) All of these
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72
The matter of having test findings held confidential by psychologists is

A) a matter of professional ethics.
B) a right upheld by case law.
C) a right cited in legislation.
D) All of these
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73
In general,testtakers have the right

A) to know why they are being tested.
B) to know the results of the test they took.
C) to know how the test data will be used.
D) All of these
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74
An intelligence test originally written in English is to be administered to a group of Japanese immigrants who do not speak English.In order to obtain an accurate measure of intelligence and attempt to eliminate any possible effects due to language,the test administrator should

A) have a professional translator read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
B) have a friend or family member of the group who is fluent in English and Japanese read the test to the group, simultaneously translating the items word-for-word.
C) have a teacher fluent in Japanese and English conduct a brief tutorial in English prior to administering the test in English, with specific attention given to the meaning of the wording of key items and corresponding responses.
D) None of these
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75
What assumption can reasonably be made when a well-known,well-respected,and widely used test is translated from English into another language?

A) The test will likely become well known, well respected, and widely used in all of the countries throughout the world that speak the language into which the test was translated.
B) The test will be equivalent in content in all of the languages for which it has been translated.
C) The translated test will conform to the letter but not the "spirit" of the original.
D) None of these
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76
According to your textbook,nonverbal communication or "body language" does not

A) exist in all cultures.
B) impact the perceptions of others.
C) convey the same meaning across cultures.
D) accurately predict which way a poor driver will turn.
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77
Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules of structure,meaning,and pronunciation?

A) parallel language
B) alternate language
C) spoken dialect
D) regional accent
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78
The "privilege" referred to in the term privileged communication belongs to

A) the test developer.
B) the test user.
C) the testtaker.
D) the test publisher.
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79
According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals,the responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of

A) professionals with the highest academic degree in psychology.
B) professionals with the necessary training and experience.
C) professionals who have state certification to administer a particular test.
D) professionals who are employed by duly accredited institutions and organizations.
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80
Sigmund Freud believed that nonverbal behaviors provide clues regarding

A) intelligence.
B) achievement.
C) ethnicity.
D) motivation.
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