Quiz 10: Americas Economic Revolution
History
Q 1Q 1
Between 1820 and 1840,the population of the United States
A)rapidly grew,in part due to improved public health.
B)saw the proportion of enslaved blacks to free whites increase.
C)increased at a slower rate than the populations of Europe.
D)remained relatively constant.
E)grew in spite of a very low birth rate in America.
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 2Q 2
Between 1800 and 1830,immigration to the United States
A)was the most significant factor in the nation's population growth.
B)consisted mostly of people from southern Europe.
C)was at its peak for the century.
D)consisted mostly of people from Germany and Russia.
E)was not a significant contributor to the national population.
Free
Multiple Choice
E
Q 3Q 3
In 1860,the percentage of the population in free states living in towns (places of 2,500 people or more)was
A)7 percent.
B)13 percent.
C)26 percent.
D)39 percent.
E)42 percent.
Free
Multiple Choice
C
Q 4Q 4
In 1860,the percentage of the population in the South living in towns (places of 2,500 or more)was
A)5 percent.
B)10 percent.
C)15 percent.
D)20 percent.
E)33 percent.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
Which city did NOT owe its growth to the Great Lakes?
A)Milwaukee
B)Chicago
C)Cleveland
D)Cincinnati
E)Buffalo
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Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
Between 1840 and 1860,the overwhelming majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States came from
A)Italy and Russia.
B)Ireland and Germany.
C)England and Russia.
D)England and Ireland.
E)Ireland and Italy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Before 1860,the largest single group of arriving Irish immigrants was
A)young,single men.
B)families.
C)children.
D)skilled laborers.
E)young,single women.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
Before 1860,compared to Irish immigrants to the United States,German immigrants
A)generally arrived with more money.
B)were less likely to migrate as entire families.
C)were more likely to remain in eastern cities.
D)came in greater numbers.
E)generally moved on to the Southeast.
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Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Prior to 1860,hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred,in part,by
A)the refusal by immigrants to adapt to American culture.
B)fears of political radicalism.
C)the ability of immigrants to command high wages.
D)concerns that immigrants generally did not participate in politics.
E)the effect they had on the falling price of African slaves.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of
A)Catholics.
B)abolitionists.
C)Democrats.
D)Jews.
E)free blacks.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
After 1852,the "Know-Nothings" created a new political organization called the
A)Copperheads.
B)Republican Party.
C)Nativist Party.
D)Libertarian Party.
E)American Party.
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Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
Which of the following statements is true of canal and turnpike transportation?
A)Canal transportation was generally developed before turnpike transportation.
B)Canal construction was less expensive than turnpike construction.
C)Canal boats could haul vastly larger loads than could road transports.
D)State governments gave little financial support to canal transportation.
E)New York was the first to finance turnpike construction.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
The Erie Canal was
A)limited to flat land.
B)built entirely by private investors.
C)built without either locks or gates.
D)a tremendous financial success.
E)a great boon to the growth of Philadelphia.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
In the 1820s and 1830s,railroads
A)played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system.
B)standardized both the gauge of tracks and timetables.
C)saw its greatest development in the southern slave states.
D)became the dominant form of transportation in the nation.
E)had not yet been constructed in America.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE?
A)Railroads helped weaken the connection between the Northwest and the South.
B)Railroads supplanted all other forms of transportation.
C)Long distance rail lines weakened the dependence of the West on the Mississippi River.
D)Chicago was the railroad center of the West.
E)Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.
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Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
During the 1840s,advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT
A)the creation of a national cooperative news-gathering organization.
B)the technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.
C)the invention of the steam cylinder rotary press.
D)the introduction of the telegraph system.
E)the dramatic growth of mass-circulation newspapers.
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Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Before the 1830s,American corporations could be chartered only by
A)an act of Congress.
B)presidential executive order.
C)state legislatures.
D)a public vote.
E)a state governor.
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Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
In the 1830s,limited liability laws were developed in the United States that
A)protected the stockholders' full investment in a company.
B)restricted the amount of capital a corporation could possess.
C)prevented a corporation from being dominated by a small group of stockholders.
D)protected corporations from liability lawsuits.
E)meant stockholders could not be charged with losses greater than their investment.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
By 1860,factories in the United States
A)were concentrated in the Northeast.
B)produced goods whose total value greatly exceeded the nation's agricultural output.
C)employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force.
D)were concentrated in the Northeast and employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
Before 1860,the development of machine tools by the United States government resulted in the
A)turret lathe.
B)universal milling machine.
C)precision grinder.
D)turret lathe,universal milling machine,and precision grinder.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
By 1860,the energy for industrialization in the United States increasingly came from
A)water.
B)kerosene.
C)coal.
D)gasoline.
E)wood.
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
By the middle of the nineteenth century,merchant capitalism in the United States
A)was an increasingly important economic force.
B)declined as opportunity shifted from trade to manufacturing.
C)combined efforts with British competitors.
D)shifted operations to the Western states where there was more opportunity.
E)had put most of the British competitors out of business.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
In the 1820s and 1830s,the labor force for factory work in the United States
A)saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs.
B)consisted mostly of European immigrants.
C)was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production.
D)consisted mostly of European immigrants,saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs,and ultimately was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
American factory workers in early nineteenth-century textile mills largely consisted of
A)families and rural,single women.
B)single men.
C)unskilled urban workers.
D)young immigrants.
E)slaves.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
When the Lowell factory system began,
A)craftsmen were part of the production system.
B)workers were fairly well paid and lived in supervised dormitories.
C)workers had few benefits outside of a set wage scale.
D)the work day ended when production quotas were met.
E)workers rarely stopped working in the mills until retirement.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
As the Lowell factory system progressed into the 1840s,
A)wages rose,while working hours increased to ten hours.
B)female workers staged a successful strike for better living conditions.
C)the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.
D)a paternalist management system was developed.
E)many mill girls moved into management roles in the factory system.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
In the 1840s,the dominant immigrant group in New England textile mills was the
A)Irish.
B)Germans.
C)English.
D)Italians.
E)Chinese.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
As the immigrant labor force in New England textile mills grew in the 1840s,
A)the workday grew shorter and wages declined.
B)payment by piece rate replaced a daily wage.
C)women and children were more likely to earn more than men.
D)safety conditions began to improve.
E)the workday grew longer and wages increased.
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Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
The republican tradition in the United States included the tradition of the
A)skilled artisan.
B)yeoman farmer.
C)industrial entrepreneur.
D)skilled artisan and yeoman farmer.
E)yeoman farmer and industrial entrepreneur.
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The rise of the American factory system
A)complemented the nation's traditional republican ideals.
B)resulted in a rise in the status of skilled artisans among consumers.
C)saw the government act to maintain the trade of skilled artisans.
D)led some northerners to advocate repealing abolition.
E)led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
The early union movement among skilled artisans
A)was weakened by the Panic of 1837.
B)was generally supported by state governments.
C)attempted to create one collective national trade union.
D)welcomed working women as members.
E)was strengthened by the influx of immigrant laborers.
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v.Hunt (1842)declared that
A)labor unions were lawful organizations.
B)labor strikes were illegal.
C)child labor laws were unconstitutional.
D)minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade.
E)unions must admit working women as members.
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
All of the following factors inhibited the efforts of labor unions to improve working standards EXCEPT
A)the large number of immigrant workers.
B)the political strength of industrial capitalists.
C)ethnic divisions among workers.
D)the question of whether to include women members.
E)hostile laws and hostile courts.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
The commercial and industrial growth in the United States prior to 1860 resulted in
A)increasing disparities in income between the rich and poor.
B)a significant rise in income for nearly all Americans.
C)decreasing disparities in income between the rich and poor.
D)a significant decrease in income for nearly all Americans.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
Prior to 1860,American urban society
A)considered the conspicuous display of wealth to be poor social behavior.
B)saw the wealthy people move toward the outer edges of cities.
C)included a substantial number of destitute poor.
D)saw Irish immigrants have less rights than free blacks.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
In most parts of the North,before the Civil War,free blacks could
A)vote.
B)attend public schools.
C)use public services available to whites.
D)compete for menial jobs.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
Prior to 1860,class conflict in the United States
A)increased as most of the working class dropped down the economic ladder.
B)increased as the gap between the wealthy and the poor widened.
C)was limited by a high degree of mobility within the working class.
D)decreased as immigration diversified society.
E)increased as a result of geographical mobility.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
Prior to 1860,the fastest-growing segment in American society was the
A)slaves.
B)very poor.
C)middle class.
D)well-to-do.
E)very rich.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
The growth of commerce and industry allowed more Americans the chance to become prosperous without
A)a professional education.
B)producing a product or service.
C)owning land.
D)capital.
E)marrying.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Before 1860,American middle-class families
A)were typically renters.
B)rarely employed servants.
C)usually saw women holding part-time employment outside of the home.
D)became the most influential cultural form of urban America.
E)had to cook their meals over an open hearth.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Prior to 1860,the most significant invention for middle-class American homes was the
A)cast-iron stove.
B)air conditioner.
C)icebox.
D)electric iron.
E)telegraph.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Early American Victorian homes were characterized by
A)spare and simple designs that emphasized natural light.
B)dark colors,and rooms crowded with heavy furniture.
C)small rooms and a reduction in total living space.
D)all members of a family sharing one bedroom.
E)a lack of parlors and dining rooms.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Compared to 1800,in 1860,urban American families
A)had a declining birth rate.
B)were more likely to see their children leave home in search of work.
C)were more likely to see income earners work outside the home.
D)had a declining birth rate,and were more likely to see income earners work outside the home and see their children leave home in search of work.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
By 1860,as a result of the social expectations expressed in the "cult of domesticity,"
A)unmarried women were generally excluded from all income-earning activities.
B)women became increasingly isolated from the public world.
C)middle-class wives were given no special role in the family.
D)women who read books or magazines were likely to be criticized.
E)women increasingly became seen as contributors to the family economy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding American leisure activities prior to 1860?
A)Shakespeare was the nation's most popular playwright.
B)Reading was a principle leisure activity among affluent Americans.
C)Minstrel shows were increasingly popular.
D)Popular tastes in public spectacle tended toward the bizarre and fantastic.
E)Unpaid vacations were becoming common among the middle class.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
In the 1840s,P.T.Barnum's American Museum in New York showcased
A)nature and natural history.
B)American artists.
C)human oddities.
D)past American leaders and heroes.
E)European artists.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
In 1860,the typical white male American of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest)was
A)the owner of a family farm.
B)a marginal farmer.
C)a farmhand who did not own his own land.
D)an industrial worker.
E)an urban artisan.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
For most American farmers,the 1840s and 1850s was a period of
A)economic decline,as more people moved to urban centers.
B)rising prosperity due to increased world demand for farm products.
C)extreme economic highs and lows brought on by volatile changes in demand.
D)economic growth in the West but decline in the East.
E)increasing economic connections between the North and South.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
The main staple crop of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest)was
A)barley.
B)soy.
C)corn.
D)wheat.
E)cotton.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
In the 1840s,John Deere introduced significant improvements to the
A)tractor.
B)thresher.
C)cotton gin.
D)reaper.
E)plow.
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Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
In the 1830s,Cyrus McCormick improved grain farming when he patented his
A)tractor.
B)thresher.
C)plow.
D)reaper.
E)mower.
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
Prior to 1860,the social institution that most bound together rural Americans was the
A)church.
B)tavern.
C)town hall.
D)grocery store.
E)schoolhouse.
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Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
Immigration contributed little to the American population in the first three decades of the nineteenth century.
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True False
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True False
Q 55Q 55
Much of the new pre-Civil War immigration went into the growing cities of the northeastern part of the United States.
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True False
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True False
Q 57Q 57
Most of the pre-Civil War Irish and German immigrants who came to the United States did so as families,as opposed to single men and women.
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True False
Q 58Q 58
In the pre-Civil War period,turnpikes were regarded as an improvement over canals as a means of transportation.
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True False
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True False
Q 60Q 60
Railroads played a relatively minor role in American transportation during the 1820s and 1830s.
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True False
Q 61Q 61
The development of a railroad system weakened connections between the Northwest and the South.
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True False
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True False
Q 63Q 63
In 1844,Samuel Morse showed off his invention by telegraphing news of Zachary Taylor's nomination for the presidency over the wires from Baltimore to Washington.
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True False
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True False
Q 65Q 65
By 1860,over half of the manufacturing establishments in the United States were located west of the Mississippi River.
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True False
Q 66Q 66
By the middle of the nineteenth century,merchant capitalism was a declining force in the American economy.
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True False
Q 67Q 67
Given the rapid increase in population,recruiting a labor force was a fairly easy task in the early years of the American factory system.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 70Q 70
The transition from farm life to factory life in pre-Civil War America was difficult at best and traumatic at worst.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 73Q 73
Commonwealth v.Hunt was a Massachusetts Supreme Court case that declared that labor unions were lawful organizations.
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True False
Q 74Q 74
Virtually all of the early craft unions excluded women,even though female workers were numerous in almost every industry.
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True False
Q 75Q 75
In most cities of the East prior to the Civil War,the income gap between rich and poor gradually narrowed.
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True False
Q 76Q 76
Despite contrasts between great wealth and great poverty,there was very little overt class conflict in pre-Civil War America.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 81Q 81
The pre-Civil War "cult of domesticity" left women increasingly detached from the public world.
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True False
Q 82Q 82
Public lectures were one of the most popular forms of entertainment in America prior to the Civil War.
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True False
Q 83Q 83
As of the middle of the nineteenth century,the typical citizen of the Northwest was a poor,marginal farmer.
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True False
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True False
Q 85Q 85
The Northwest was the most self-consciously democratic section of the United States,but it was also a relatively conservative part of the country.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 88Q 88
In the early 1850s a new political body called the American Party was created by a group called the "________."
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Short Answer
Q 89Q 89
When it was completed,the ________ was the greatest construction project Americans had yet undertaken.
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Q 92Q 92
The primary assistance from the federal government to railroad companies came in the form of ________.
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Short Answer
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Q 95Q 95
Corporate development was aided by laws permitting a system of ________ for individual stockholders.
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Short Answer
Q 96Q 96
The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the rise of the ________.
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Q 98Q 98
The principle of interchangeable parts made Elias Howe's invention of the ________ possible.
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Q 99Q 99
The recruitment of young women to work and live in a factory setting was called the ________ or Waltham system.
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Q 100Q 100
Elaborate rooms with lush dark colors and heavy furniture and drapes were characteristic of the ________ style.
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Q 101Q 101
In New York City,the construction of ________ resulted primarily from pressure from members of high society,who wanted an elegant place for their daily carriage rides.
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Q 109Q 109
Describe the major features of American middle-class life during the first half of the nineteenth century.
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Q 110Q 110
Examine technological developments in America between 1800 and 1860.What are the characteristic features in the advances made throughout this period?
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Q 111Q 111
What were the advances in new technology that had the greatest effect on the emerging American factory system during the first half of the nineteenth century?
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Q 112Q 112
How did the emergence of the factory system change the face of American labor during the first half of the nineteenth century?
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Q 113Q 113
How did American leisure time and activities during the 1830s and 1840s compare with leisure during the 1810s and 1820s?
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Q 115Q 115
Between 1830 and 1860,what region of the nation changed the most dramatically overall? Explain.
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Q 116Q 116
Between 1830 and 1860,what region of the nation experienced the most social upheaval? Explain.
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