Quiz 27: The Cold War
History
Q 1Q 1
In 1945,Joseph Stalin's vision of a postwar world in which great powers would control strategic areas of interest was largely shared by
A)Charles de Gaulle.
B)Winston Churchill.
C)Franklin Roosevelt.
D)Mao Zedong.
E)Harry Truman.
Free
Multiple Choice
B
Q 2Q 2
In early 1943 at the Casablanca Conference,
A)Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally.
B)Joseph Stalin refused to attend.
C)Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalin's strategy to defeat Germany.
D)Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany.
E)Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in Western Europe.
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 3Q 3
In late 1943 at the Tehran Conference,
A)Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in fighting Germany.
B)Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany was defeated.
C)Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive.
D)it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war.
E)Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.
Free
Multiple Choice
E
Q 4Q 4
In early 1945 at the Yalta Conference,
A)Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend.
B)Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war.
C)Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin.
D)it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.
E)Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchill's plans for the United Nations.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
In designing the structure of the new United Nations,planners called for
A)each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
B)a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights.
C)the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers.
D)membership to be limited to one hundred nations.
E)Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after twenty-five years.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
In 1945,when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations,it
A)initially rejected American membership.
B)quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.
C)refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year.
D)made major changes to its charter.
E)put the question to a national referendum.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
At the conclusion of the Yalta Conference in 1945,basic disagreements remained on
A)the government of Poland.
B)the unification of Germany.
C)war reparations to the Soviet Union.
D)both the government of Poland and the unification of Germany.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
Which of the following statements regarding the "occupation zones" of Germany in 1945 is NOT true?
A)There were a total of four zones,each controlled by a different nation.
B)The zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war.
C)All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
D)At an unspecified date,Germany would be reunited.
E)Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Between the Yalta Conference and his death,President Franklin Roosevelt
A)saw no evidence that Stalin would not live up to his promises at Yalta.
B)concluded that diplomacy would not settle American differences with Stalin.
C)began planning for a military confrontation against the Soviet Union.
D)frequently conveyed his fears about Russia to Vice President Harry Truman.
E)became increasingly concerned that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
In 1945 when Harry Truman became president,he
A)had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
B)believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted.
C)was already drawing up plans for his "Truman Doctrine."
D)looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union.
E)renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
President Harry Truman initially decided to "get tough" with the Soviet Union
A)following the end of the war in the Pacific.
B)once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.
C)at the Potsdam Conference.
D)after his first few days in office.
E)after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
In 1945,President Harry Truman conceded to communist authority in
A)China.
B)Poland.
C)Berlin.
D)Hungary.
E)Yugoslavia.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
By 1945,the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had
A)grown antagonistic toward the United States.
B)designs on taking over conquered Japan.
C)little popular support.
D)drifted toward communism.
E)willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
In the years immediately following World War II,the United States policy toward Asia saw
A)the United States intervene militarily in China to fight communist advances there.
B)President Harry Truman place restrictions on industrial development in Japan.
C)President Truman threaten communists in China with atomic bombs.
D)the United States provide financial support to Mao Zedong for reasons of stability.
E)the Truman administration encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
Beginning in 1947,the United States' policy of "containment" was
A)the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.
B)first applied in Poland.
C)an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
D)both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years,and an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
In 1947,the Truman Doctrine
A)asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world.
B)assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
C)was originally invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey.
D)both asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world,and assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
The United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan due to
A)a humanitarian concern for European people.
B)a desire to contain communism in Europe.
C)a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
D)both a humanitarian concern for European people,and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
Between 1947 and 1950,Marshall Plan aid
A)was offered to the Soviet Union.
B)failed to significantly revive European industrial production.
C)had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid.
D)was opposed by many Republicans in Congress.
E)grew more controversial after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
The National Security Act of 1947 created
A)the National Security Council.
B)the Central Intelligence Agency.
C)the Department of Defense.
D)both the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
In 1948,the Soviet Union's blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response to the
A)Marshall Plan.
B)United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey.
C)establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D)Truman Doctrine.
E)creation of a unified West Germany.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
In 1948,President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by
A)sending American paratroopers into West Berlin.
B)airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
C)threatening war with the Soviet Union.
D)encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions.
E)creating a blockade of East Berlin.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
In 1949,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A)was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact.
B)called for a de-militarized zone across Western Europe.
C)declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
D)both was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact,and declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
In the last months of 1949,events in the Soviet Union and China included
A)Russia's successful test of an atomic weapon.
B)the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces.
C)the death of Joseph Stalin.
D)both the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces,and the death of Joseph Stalin.
E)All these answers are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
The 1950 National Security Council report known as NSC-68 stated that
A)Western allies must take the initiative in resisting communism in their region.
B)the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.
C)the defense of Western Europe was the key to winning the fight on communism.
D)the United States must gradually increase its level of defense spending.
E)Chinese aggression against Taiwan would result in war.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
A)was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat.
B)mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans.
C)helped to reduce government spending.
D)gave housing and education subsidies to veterans.
E)explicitly discriminated against African Americans.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
During 1946-1947,the American economy
A)was plagued by serious inflation.
B)experienced few labor strikes.
C)fell back to Depression conditions.
D)witnessed a significant tax increase.
E)confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
Following World War II,the great majority of working American women
A)kept the same jobs they had during the war.
B)voluntarily left the labor force.
C)moved to jobs outside the service sector.
D)found themselves excluded from nearly all employment.
E)wanted to keep working.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
President Harry Truman's Fair Deal called for
A)a retraction of many New Deal programs.
B)an end to public housing.
C)a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation.
D)the creation of national health insurance.
E)an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
The 1946 elections
A)revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman's domestic agenda.
B)saw the Democrats retain control of the House,but lose the Senate.
C)saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
D)saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?"
E)saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
A)prohibited the "union shop."
B)expanded the Wagner Act.
C)permitted the "closed shop."
D)permitted states to pass "right-to-work" laws.
E)was supported by President Truman.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
President Harry Truman responded to the 1946 election results by
A)deciding not to run for office in 1948.
B)becoming more conservative.
C)proposing a major civil rights bill.
D)abandoning his Fair Deal.
E)calling his opponents "soft on communism."
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
In 1948,the Americans for Democratic Action
A)was a coalition of conservative Democrats.
B)supported Henry Wallace for president.
C)was the major support group for President Harry Truman.
D)supported Strom Thurmond for president.
E)tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
In the 1948 presidential election,
A)most people believed Harry Truman would win.
B)President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
C)the Progressive and Dixiecrat candidates combined for 20 percent of the popular vote.
D)both of these were the case: Most people believed Harry Truman would win,and President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
In 1949,President Harry Truman succeeded in getting Congress to pass
A)civil rights legislation.
B)nationalized health care.
C)federal aid to education.
D)aid for public housing.
E)significant tax cuts.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
In 1949,the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by
A)making lynching a federal crime.
B)abolishing the poll tax.
C)ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
D)establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
E)ordering the desegregation of public transportation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
The Supreme Court case of Shelley v.Kraemer (1948)dealt with
A)voter discrimination.
B)housing discrimination.
C)communism in the United States.
D)labor unions.
E)Truman's plans for national health care.
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would
A)cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source.
B)likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades.
C)be used in war within the next five years.
D)have few practical applications in the foreseeable future.
E)do more good than harm in the long run.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
In 1950,the immediate cause of the Korean War was the
A)decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea.
B)triumph of communism in China.
C)military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
D)division of Korea into northern and southern halves.
E)military invasion of North Korea by China.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
Which of the following statements regarding Korea is NOT true?
A)In 1945,both the United States and the Soviet Union had troops in Korea.
B)The Soviet Union established a communist government in the north.
C)The United States left Korea in 1946.
D)The Soviet Union left Korea in 1949.
E)The country was divided along the 38th parallel.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
After World War II,in Korea,the government of Syngman Rhee
A)was pro-Western.
B)had a powerful military.
C)was supported by the Soviet Union.
D)was backed by communists in China.
E)was remarkably democratic.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
In 1950,the Truman administration responded to the onset of fighting in Korea by
A)declaring war on North Korea.
B)calling on the United Nations to intervene.
C)warning China not to intervene.
D)threatening the use of atomic weapons.
E)telling South Korea to stand down.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
During the Korean War,the American invasion at Inchon
A)was aimed at preventing Chinese communists from entering the war.
B)was a military debacle.
C)led to a fight between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry Truman.
D)prompted President Truman to try to push communists out of North Korea.
E)was ultimately thwarted due to the surprise intervention of the Chinese navy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
In 1951,President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of command because MacArthur
A)publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster.
B)publicly criticized President Truman's policy in Korea.
C)refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
D)both publicly criticized Truman's policy in Korea and refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
The initial response of the American public to the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was
A)anger at the United Nations.
B)criticism of MacArthur.
C)relief that nuclear war had been avoided.
D)anger at China.
E)criticism of President Truman.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
During the Korean War,the Truman administration faced major strikes in the industries of
A)rail and steel.
B)steel and textiles.
C)textiles and coal.
D)coal and rail.
E)rail and textiles.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
As a result of the Korean War,the
A)American economy was dragged into a recession.
B)American public felt reassured that communism was being contained.
C)stature of the American military increased.
D)American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.
E)government reduced the amount of money it was pumping into the economy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
In 1947,the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)was
A)labor unions.
B)the Democratic Party.
C)the State Department.
D)the American Communist Party.
E)the movie industry.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Which of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers is NOT true?
A)Chambers was a former communist agent.
B)Classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin.
C)The case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats.
D)Hiss was convicted of espionage.
E)Hiss served several years in prison.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
In 1947,the Truman administration responded to Republican attacks that it was weak on communism by
A)ignoring them.
B)charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party.
C)beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
D)blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
E)supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
The McCarran Internal Security Act
A)outlawed all communist organizations in the United States.
B)created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C)was strongly supported by the Truman administration.
D)stripped American citizenship from all known communists.
E)required communist organizations to register with the government.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
In 1950,Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for
A)the Soviet Union.
B)North Korea.
C)China.
D)Poland.
E)Israel.
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were
A)not members of the Communist Party.
B)accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.
C)convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
D)both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies,and convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government,he was a
A)member of the State Department.
B)private citizen.
C)first-term Republican senator.
D)member of the Defense Department.
E)Democratic member of the House.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
Joseph McCarthy burst to national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the
A)State Department.
B)Defense Department.
C)Truman cabinet.
D)Central Intelligence Agency.
E)United States Senate.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government,
A)Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party.
B)Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952.
C)he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.
D)much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior.
E)he drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment."
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
The election of 1952 saw
A)a contest between two war heroes,neither of whom had ever held elective office.
B)President Harry Truman run for another term.
C)Richard Nixon forced to step down from the Republican ticket.
D)Joseph McCarthy run for president.
E)television play a significant role in the campaign.
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
The results of the election of 1952 saw
A)the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
B)the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
C)a close outcome between the two major parties.
D)all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress; the end to a long period of Democratic dominance; and a close outcome between the two major parties.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin were in general agreement that the post-World War II world should not return to the traditional European balance of power.
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True False
Q 59Q 59
At Casablanca,Roosevelt and Churchill announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 62Q 62
At the Tehran Conference,Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin avoided bitterness by coming to a final settlement on the future of Poland.
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True False
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True False
Q 64Q 64
At Yalta,negotiators for the United States,Britain,and the Soviet Union agreed to create a United Nations with a Security Council in which the major powers would have the power to veto proposed action.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 68Q 68
At the time that he became president,Harry Truman shared former President Roosevelt's faith that the Soviet Union would be reasonable and flexible.
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True False
Q 69Q 69
President Truman waited until after the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan to "get tough" with the Soviets.
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True False
Q 70Q 70
President Truman's China policy was based on continued support of Chiang Kai-shek,but without a commitment to intervene militarily to save his regime.
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True False
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True False
Q 72Q 72
An integral part of the American policy of Cold War containment was to extend American economic aid to the rebuilding of Western Europe.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 75Q 75
The National Security Act represented an attempt by Congress to gain a measure of control over the making of American foreign policy.
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True False
Q 76Q 76
President Truman was not willing to risk war with the Soviets by undertaking an American military response to Stalin's 1948 decision to blockade Berlin.
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True False
Q 77Q 77
All members of NATO were required to maintain a standing military force in Europe to defend against a possible Soviet move into Western Europe.
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True False
Q 78Q 78
The Soviets responded to the creation of NATO by forming an alliance with communist governments called the Warsaw Pact.
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True False
Q 79Q 79
NSC-68 presumed that the United States could not necessarily rely on other nations to aid in resisting communism.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 82Q 82
The results of the 1946 midterm elections showed that the American people were still solidly behind the ideals of the New Deal.
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True False
Q 83Q 83
Liberals who founded the Americans for Democratic Action were so unhappy with President Truman in 1948 that they were ready to leave the Democratic Party.
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True False
Q 84Q 84
In mid-1948,President Truman called the Republican-controlled Congress into special session with the expectation they would do very little.
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True False
Q 85Q 85
President Truman understood that his reelection in 1948 required that he fashion a coalition very different from the New Deal coalition that had worked for Franklin Roosevelt.
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True False
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True False
Q 87Q 87
President Truman made great progress on federal aid to education,but not on national health insurance.
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True False
Q 88Q 88
While the Soviet Union likely never ordered North Korea to attack South Korea,Stalin did support the North Korean offensive once it was under way.
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True False
Q 89Q 89
When war erupted in Korea in 1950,both the United States and the Soviet Union had withdrawn their troops.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 92Q 92
General Douglas MacArthur pursued North Koreans beyond the 38th parallel in direct violation of President Truman's orders.
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True False
Q 93Q 93
President Truman's decision to fire General Douglas MacArthur was supported by many prominent American military leaders.
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True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 97Q 97
Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigations proved there were 205 communists in the State Department.
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True False
Q 98Q 98
So convinced was President Truman that Senator McCarthy's charges of communist subversion were groundless that the president refused to undertake his own loyalty review.
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True False
Q 99Q 99
When he ran for president in 1952,Dwight Eisenhower refused to speak out against Senator Joseph McCarthy.
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True False
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Q 104Q 104
The Truman Doctrine was announced to garner support for American aid to two countries,________ and Turkey.
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Short Answer
Q 105Q 105
Among those opposed to the use of containment as a response to communism was the anticommunist ________ Society.
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Short Answer
Q 106Q 106
Domestic American opposition to the Marshall Plan virtually ended with the communist coup in ________.
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Short Answer
Q 107Q 107
America's major military and diplomatic institutions were reshaped by the ________ Act of 1947.
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Q 110Q 110
In 1946,the Republicans used the simple slogan,"________" to capture both houses of Congress.
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Q 112Q 112
The splinter candidacies of Strom Thurmond and ________ seemed to imperil President Truman's election to a full term in 1948.
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Short Answer
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Q 114Q 114
Beginning in 1947,the House ________ Committee instituted a serious investigation of internal subversion.
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Q 118Q 118
Senator Joseph McCarthy routinely accused the Democrats of committing "twenty years of ________."
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Q 120Q 120
During the 1952 campaign,Richard Nixon kept his place on the Republican ticket with his televised "________ speech."
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Q 122Q 122
In assessing the origins of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union,was one country or one leader more responsible for it than the other?
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Q 123Q 123
What role did wartime diplomacy,personalities,and tensions play in the coming of the Cold War?
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Q 124Q 124
How and why did President Truman alter Franklin Roosevelt's foreign policy toward the Soviet Union?
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Q 125Q 125
Describe the major goals of the Truman administration in the Cold War,and explain how it sought to achieve those goals.
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Q 126Q 126
Describe the Truman Doctrine,noting whether or not it contributed to world peace and security.
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Q 129Q 129
Place the Korean War in the context of the Cold War.How and why did President Truman respond as he did? How and why did he change American war aims?
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Q 130Q 130
What were the major events related to communism between 1949 and 1953 that alarmed the American public?
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Q 131Q 131
To what degree was communism a genuine threat to the interests and security of the United States in the early 1950s? Was the American reaction to this threat reasonable?
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Q 133Q 133
What are the similarities and differences between the rising fear of communism in the United States after World War II and the Red Scare that followed World War I?
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Q 134Q 134
How do you account for the rise of Joseph McCarthy? Why were his tactics successful? What did he accomplish?
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