Quiz 23: The Great Depression
History
Q 1Q 1
Throughout 1928,the American stock market
A)saw the number of shares traded daily soar.
B)saw the average price of stocks rise slightly.
C)had slowly been declining in value.
D)had rapidly been losing in value.
E)saw brokerage firms restrict credit to those buying stocks.
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Multiple Choice
A
Q 2Q 2
On October 29,1929,the American stock market
A)saw fewer than one million shares of stock traded.
B)lost all the gains of the previous year.
C)experienced its first sharp decline in values since the war.
D)was forced to suspend business because of staggering declines in values.
E)rebounded slightly from the tremendous losses of "Black Thursday.
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Multiple Choice
B
Q 3Q 3
All of the following factors were causes of the Great Depression EXCEPT
A)an unstable European economy.
B)a lack of diversification in the United States economy.
C)a misdistribution of purchasing power.
D)conservative banking policies that restricted the availability of loans.
E)weak consumer demand.
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Multiple Choice
D
Q 4Q 4
In the late 1920s,the European demand for agricultural and manufacturing goods from the United States was
A)rising.
B)steady.
C)declining.
D)chronically unstable.
E)essentially nonexistent.
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Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
After 1929,in the face of the worsening global economic crisis,the United States
A)reduced the debts owed by European nations to America.
B)forgave the debts owed by European nations to America.
C)demanded immediate payment of all debts owed by European nations to America.
D)refused to alter the payment schedule of debts owed by European nations to America.
E)forgave the debts owed by former allies during the war,and reduced the debts of other nations.
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Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
In 1931,the severity of the Depression increased when the Federal Reserve Board
A)closed all financially-ailing banks.
B)declared bankruptcy.
C)weakened the value of the dollar.
D)expanded the money supply.
E)raised interest rates.
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Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
In 1932,the unemployment rate in Toledo,Ohio,was one of the worst in the nation at
A)40 percent.
B)60 percent.
C)70 percent.
D)80 percent.
E)95 percent.
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Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
During the Great Depression,in the rural United States
A)one-third of all farmers lost their land.
B)farm income dropped by 25 percent.
C)the economic conditions were slightly better than in industrial cities.
D)the farm economy could not keep up with consumer demand.
E)farmers enjoyed several unusually fertile growing seasons.
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Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
In the 1930s,the "Dust Bowl"
A)was created by the national economic collapse.
B)stretched from Kansas to California.
C)experienced years of heavy rainfall.
D)was created by grasshoppers.
E)was a product of changing environmental conditions.
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Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
During the 1930s,southern rural blacks who moved to northern urban areas
A)were denied all forms of public relief assistance.
B)generally experienced better economic conditions.
C)could still find domestic service jobs no whites wanted.
D)were denied all forms of public relief assistance,but could find domestic service jobs no whites wanted.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
The 1931 Scottsboro court case saw
A)black teenagers accused of rape by two white women.
B)a Georgia jury convict all of the black youths.
C)the Supreme Court reaffirm the death penalty convictions.
D)eight of the convicted youths executed for crimes they did not commit.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
In response to the Great Depression,many Mexican Americans
A)migrated to the South.
B)left the United States entirely.
C)moved into California.
D)successfully organized agricultural unions.
E)migrated into rural areas,where work was more available.
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Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
In the 1930s,the largest Japanese- and Chinese-American populations were found in
A)Oregon.
B)Arizona.
C)Washington.
D)Hawaii.
E)California.
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Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
During the Great Depression,Asian Americans
A)unlike blacks and Hispanics were generally able to keep from losing their jobs to white Americans.
B)who were college educated generally weathered the crisis fairly well.
C)had trouble competing for jobs with poor white migrants from the Midwest.
D)were limited by law to low-paying jobs such as salesclerks and food servers.
E)found it easier to move into mainstream professions.
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Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
For women,the economic pressures caused by the Great Depression
A)weakened the notion that a woman's proper place was in the home.
B)saw men move into jobs traditionally held by professional women.
C)forced most women out of the labor force.
D)saw the federal government make it illegal for married women to work outside the home.
E)affected service and clerical positions held by women more than they did jobs in heavy industry.
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Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
During the Great Depression,
A)the divorce rate declined.
B)the marriage rate increased.
C)the birth rate increased.
D)both the marriage rate and the birth rate increased.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
As a result of the Great Depression,social values in the United States
A)saw Americans embrace nearly any idea that was new or nontraditional.
B)saw a majority of Americans question the future of democracy.
C)seemed to change relatively little.
D)saw most Americans turn against the traditional "success ethic."
E)saw the idea of individual initiative fall into disrepute.
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Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
In the 1930s,Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People
A)claimed community togetherness was the best way to combat hard times.
B)argued the best way to end the Depression was for working-class men and women to run for office.
C)asserted that a strong faith in Christianity would best help one through hard times.
D)gave financial advice and offered tips when going to a job interview.
E)taught that individual initiative could help people to restore themselves financially.
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Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
During the 1930s,regarding radio,
A)the largest proportion of programming was devoted to news.
B)most programs were increasingly prerecorded.
C)around half of all American homes owned a radio.
D)listening was often a community experience.
E)radio sets were basically unusable in rural areas without electricity.
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Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
The long-time censor of Hollywood films in the 1920s and 1930s was
A)Frank Capra.
B)Pare Lorentz.
C)King Vidor.
D)James Agee.
E)Will Hays.
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Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
In the 1930s,all of the following films offered social commentary on the United States and the Great Depression EXCEPT
A)Our Daily Bread.
B)It Happened One Night.
C)The Grapes of Wrath.
D)Mr.Smith Goes to Washington.
E)Mr.Deeds Goes to Town.
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Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
In the 1930s,the director Frank Capra typically displayed in his films
A)a populist admiration for ordinary Americans.
B)the cultural backwardness of small towns in America.
C)praise for the "rugged individualism" of American business.
D)the grasping materialism of most Americans.
E)a harsh critique of the heartlessness of capitalism.
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Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
During the 1930s,American literature
A)offered a greater degree of social commentary than did either radio or movies.
B)saw most popular books and magazines focus on the Great Depression.
C)saw photographic magazines lose much of their readership due to the high cost of each issue.
D)faced censorship laws that suppressed criticisms of American politics and culture.
E)adopted a more pessimistic,although no less radical,approach to society in the later 1930s.
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Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
In the 1930s,all of the following books offered criticism of American society EXCEPT
A)U.S.A.by John Dos Passos.
B)Miss Lonelyhearts by Nathaniel West.
C)Studs Lonigan by James T.Farrell.
D)The Disinherited by Jack Conroy.
E)Anthony Adverse by Hervey Allen.
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Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
During the 1930s,the most important group within the Popular Front was the
A)Socialist Party.
B)Federation of Labor.
C)Communist Party.
D)Progressive Party.
E)Americans for Democratic Action.
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Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
The "Abraham Lincoln Brigade" is associated with
A)the radical Right.
B)the Spanish Civil War.
C)veterans of World War I.
D)the "bonus marchers."
E)the Civilian Conservation Corps.
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Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
During the 1930s,the American Communist Party
A)distanced itself from the Soviet Union.
B)excluded most minorities from its ranks.
C)supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
D)both distanced itself from the Soviet Union and excluded most minorities from its ranks.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
In 1939,after the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany,the American Communist Party
A)reduced its criticism of the United States.
B)formed an American Nazi Party.
C)broke from the Soviet Union.
D)lost a significant portion of its membership.
E)disbanded.
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Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
During the 1930s,the Southern Tenant Farmers Union
A)sought to organize the rural poor across racial lines.
B)was formed by the American Communist Party.
C)concerned the federal government as a powerful force of rural radicalism.
D)both sought to organize the rural poor across racial lines,and concerned the federal government as a powerful force of rural radicalism.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
During the 1930s,the radical left in the United States
A)found broad acceptance among both the working class and intellectuals.
B)experienced intense government hostility.
C)saw a widening of the ideological range of mainstream art and politics.
D)both experienced intense government hostility and saw a widening of the ideological range of mainstream art and politics.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
As Herbert Hoover began his presidency,he
A)considered the country to have a bright economic future.
B)assumed the economy might suffer a mild recession.
C)feared a depression.
D)called for voluntary guidelines to stabilize the stock market.
E)renounced his earlier policy of associationalism.
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Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by
A)proposing a series of economic reform programs.
B)shutting down the bank system until confidence in it could be restored.
C)urging voluntary cooperation from business leaders.
D)calling for a tax increase to prevent a federal deficit.
E)calling for a system of social security to alleviate individual suffering.
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Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
As the Depression deepened,President Herbert Hoover
A)encouraged businessmen to reduce their industrial production.
B)grew less willing to increase federal spending.
C)began to experiment with untried economic principles.
D)called for a reduction in taxes.
E)stopped worrying about trying to balance the budget.
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Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
A)gave incentives to Europeans to sell their goods in the United States.
B)was designed to stimulate United States exports.
C)increased tariffs on industrial products,but left farm products' rates unchanged.
D)both gave incentives to Europeans to sell their goods in the United States,and was designed to stimulate United States exports.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
The Hoover administration addressed the economic situation of American farmers with the
A)Agricultural Marketing Act.
B)Soil Conservation Act.
C)Agricultural Adjustment Act.
D)Farm Security Administration.
E)Rural Electrification Administration.
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Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
After Democrats won control of Congress in the 1930 elections,President Herbert Hoover
A)criticized voters for abandoning the economic principles of the Republican Party.
B)told reporters that his economic recovery policies had not been successful.
C)urged the new Congress to construct "Hoovervilles" to shelter the unemployed.
D)refused to support a more vigorous public spending program for relief.
E)deferred to their economic agenda of relief and public spending programs.
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Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation
A)was intended to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses.
B)was created in the last year of Herbert Hoover's administration.
C)included a $1.5 billion public works budget.
D)both included a $1.5 billion public works budget,and was intended to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
In 1932,the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
A)lent funds only to financial institutions with sufficient collateral.
B)was created by Congress over President Herbert Hoover's veto.
C)focused most of its spending on large urban cities in the Northeast.
D)was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
E)spent most of its money trying to prop up unstable local banks.
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Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
In 1932,the Farmers' Holiday Association
A)began and spread throughout the South.
B)was essentially a farmers' strike.
C)led to more public money being sent to rural areas.
D)called on farmers to leave their lands unplanted.
E)argued that farmers should also reap the benefits of welfare capitalism.
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Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
The federal government's response to the "Bonus Army" included
A)the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington.
B)General Douglas MacArthur exceeding his orders to remove the veterans.
C)the injuring of over 100 marchers.
D)both the use of six tanks to rout the veterans from Washington,and the injuring of over 100 marchers.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Prior to 1932,Franklin Roosevelt had been all of the following EXCEPT
A)assistant secretary of the Navy.
B)vice president of the United States.
C)governor of New York.
D)a state legislator.
E)a Hudson Valley aristocrat.
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Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
In 1932,Franklin Roosevelt's promise of a "new deal" for America included a commitment to
A)spend billions of dollars to assist in the economic recovery.
B)provide relief jobs to millions of unemployed Americans.
C)pass legislation establishing a nationwide program of social security.
D)both spend billions of dollars to assist in the economic recovery,and provide relief jobs to millions of unemployed Americans.
E)None of these answers is correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Franklin Roosevelt's victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932
A)saw Roosevelt carry every state.
B)was disputed in several states.
C)was a convincing mandate.
D)was decided only in the final days of the election.
E)All these answers are correct.
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Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Between his election in 1932 and the inauguration in 1933,Franklin Roosevelt
A)declared he would dramatically increase government spending.
B)promised to maintain a balanced federal budget.
C)made no public statements.
D)refused to make any agreements with the outgoing president,Herbert Hoover.
E)began laying the groundwork for his social security legislation.
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Q 48Q 48
The automobile and construction industries were both experiencing economic declines prior to the stock market crash.
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True False
Q 49Q 49
During the 1920s,most American banks were quite conservative,but some major banks were quite reckless in their stock market investments.
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True False
Q 50Q 50
In order to ease economic problems in Europe,the United States government reduced Europe's debts to America stemming from World War I.
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True False
Q 51Q 51
Following the "great crash," the Federal Reserve system lowered interest rates in an effort to revive the American economy.
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 54Q 54
Those blacks who migrated to northern cities during the Great Depression found conditions little better than in the South.
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True False
Q 55Q 55
Traditional patterns of segregation and disenfranchisement in the South were not significantly challenged during the Great Depression.
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True False
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Q 58Q 58
Despite hard economic times in the United States,few Hispanics left the United States for Mexico during the Great Depression.
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True False
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Q 60Q 60
At the end of the 1930s,a higher percentage of black women were employed than were white women.
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Q 66Q 66
It is accurate to state that filmmaker Frank Capra admired the American people more than American democracy.
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True False
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True False
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Q 69Q 69
During the 1930s,the American Communist Party was always under the close supervision of the Soviet Union.
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True False
Q 70Q 70
Although it was a segregated organization,the Southern Tenant Farmers Union sought to improve the lives of all sharecroppers.
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True False
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True False
Q 72Q 72
Both the Agricultural Marketing Act and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff provided significant help to American farmers.
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True False
Q 73Q 73
Much of the money lent by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation went to large banks and corporations.
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True False
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True False
Q 75Q 75
The "Bonus Army" of 1932 demanded that Congress make an early payment of a promised "bonus" for World War I veterans.
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True False
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Q 78Q 78
Franklin Roosevelt won in a landslide in 1932,but it was not clear what he would do as president.
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True False
Q 79Q 79
Prior to his inauguration,Franklin Roosevelt promised outgoing President Hoover that he would not create more debt in the federal budget.
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True False
Q 80Q 80
The ________ Tariff of 1930 was an attempt to protect American farmers from international competition.
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Q 82Q 82
The infamous ________ case saw the arrest and conviction of nine likely innocent black teenagers in Alabama in 1931.
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Q 83Q 83
One of the best-selling books of the 1930s was How to Win Friends and Influence People by ________.
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Q 85Q 85
When a live radio broadcaster,overcome with emotion,cried out "Oh the humanity!" on the air in 1937,he was referring to the crash of the ________.
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Q 86Q 86
Mr.Deeds Goes to Town and Mr.Smith Goes to Washington were two romanticized populist films of America directed by ________.
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Q 89Q 89
Those Americans who went to Spain to fight against General Franco and fascism created the ________ Brigade.
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Q 90Q 90
The ________ was an alliance between the American Communist Party and other "progressive" groups in the 1930s.
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Q 92Q 92
Many Americans angry at their government began calling shanty towns built by the unemployed on the outskirts of cities "________."
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Q 93Q 93
In 1932,President Hoover sought to lift business out of the Depression through the ________ Corporation.
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Q 95Q 95
General ________ was ordered by President Hoover to remove the "Bonus Army" from Washington,D.C.in 1932.
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Q 99Q 99
Prior to the stock market crash in October 1929,what were the major weaknesses in the economy of the late 1920s?
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Q 100Q 100
What are the major interpretations regarding the causes of the Great Depression? Why is there little historical consensus regarding the causes?
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Q 102Q 102
What influence did the philosophy of "rugged individualism," which developed in the late nineteenth century,have on both Herbert Hoover and the American population at large between 1929 and 1932?
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Q 103Q 103
Did the philosophy of "rugged individualism" lessen or worsen the severity of the Great Depression? Justify your response.
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Q 104Q 104
How did the American people-men,women,minorities-generally respond to the Great Depression?
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Q 106Q 106
What were the popular cultural similarities and differences in the 1930s among radio programs,the movies,and literature?
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Q 107Q 107
Why did the radical left enjoy growing popularity in America during the 1930s? Why did this popularity prove to be largely temporary?
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Q 108Q 108
What did President Hoover offer in the fight against the Great Depression? Why was he ineffective in this fight?
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Q 109Q 109
Characterize Herbert Hoover's personality during his presidency.How did his personal image with the American public change between 1928 and 1932?
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