Quiz 3: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

When an egg and sperm unite,fertilization is complete and a(n)__________ has been formed. A)blastocyst. B)zygote. C)embryo. D)fetus.

__________ are structures in the cell nucleus that contain DNA and proteins. A)Genes B)Chromosomes C)Alleles D)Autosomes

Human cells contain _________ pairs of chromosomes. A)12 B)23 C)24 D)46

Human sex cells contain __________ chromosomes. A)12 B)2 C)24 D)46

Aaban has both an X and Y chromosome,which makes the child a: A)female. B)male. C)neither a male nor a female as sex is determined hormonally. D)either a male or a female,depending on which chromosome is dominant.

In humans,it is the male who determines the sex of the child,because he donates: A)the X chromosome. B)the Y chromosome. C)either the X or the Y chromosome. D)the cytoplasmic organelles.

Genes are composed of: A)specific segments of DNA. B)lengths of chromosomes. C)specific segments of RNA. D)all of these are correct

The __________ refers to a person's genetic makeup. A)genotype B)gametotype C)phenotype D)chromosome

The __________ refers to a person's physical characteristics. A)genotype B)phenotype C)chromosome D)gametotype

The amount of DNA shared by human beings is approximately: A)1%. B)25%. C)50%. D)99%.

The amount of DNA humans have in common with chimpanzees is approximately: A)1%. B)25%. C)50%. D)98 to 99%.

If the genome is completely known for an organism: A)it is not possible to recreate the organism,because factors beyond the gene influence development. B)it is possible to recreate the organism,because the genes will determine what proteins will make up the organism. C)it is possible to recreate the organism,if there is a surrogate mother available. D)it is possible to recreate the organism,if there is a sufficient supply of DNA to be replicated.

__________ is the cell division in which the number of chromosomes remains the same. A)Mitosis B)Meiosis C)Karyotyping D)Cross-over

During __________ cell division,each daughter cell receives 46 chromosomes from the parent cell. A)monozygotic B)dizygotic C)meiotic D)mitotic

A gene was duplicated during mitosis,an error occurred so that instead of ATGC,it now reads ATCG.This event is called: A)crossing-over. B)reduction division. C)a mutation. D)transcription.

During __________,each germ cell receives 23 chromosomes upon division. A)meiosis B)mitosis C)apoptosis D)fertilization

Shuffling of DNA during chromosomal replication occurs during: A)the reduction phase of cell division. B)mitosis C)meiosis D)apoptosis

Which of the following statements concerning cell division is NOT true? A)Sex cells divide through a process known as meiosis. B)Mitotic cell division involves the passing on of 46 chromosomes. C)Sex cells are also known as soma cells. D)The process by which sex cells divide results in 23 chromosomes per cell.

Chromosomal disorders are: A)deviations in the number of chromosomes an individual receives from the parents. B)due to variations in alleles. C)mutations. D)related to co-dominant traits.

Hamilton was born with small hands,a large tongue,mental retardation,heart defects,and a curiously distinctive set of facial features.Hamilton most likely suffers from: A)Tay-Sachs. B)PKU. C)Down syndrome. D)Turner syndrome.

Rather than the normal XY chromosome combination,Tony was born with an XXY combination.What type of disorder does he have? A)Down syndrome B)Turner syndrome C)Klinefelter syndrome D)Fragile X syndrome

Which chromosomal disorder is related to the sex chromosomes? A)Down syndrome B)Turner syndrome C)Tay-Sachs disease D)Phenylketonuria

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities occurs in females only? A)Down syndrome B)Turner syndrome C)Klinefelter syndrome D)Fragile X syndrome

Amber has been told that she has Turner's syndrome.This means her chromosomes are: A)XXX. B)XXY. C)XYY. D)XO.

__________ disorders involve lengths of DNA along a chromosome. A)Protein B)Phenotypic C)Gamete D)Genetic

The Human Genome Project has been specifically dedicated to: A)identifying and mapping the genes that constitute our genetic makeup. B)altering genes that cause genetic defects. C)developing drug therapies to treat genetic abnormalities. D)understanding the developmental process in humans.

An important conclusion made possible from the Human Genome Project is: A)genes code for particular,identifiable traits. B)transcription of one gene may result in several different proteins. C)a blueprint of what it means to be "human" has been established. D)all the information necessary to code for a human has been catalogued.

Which of the following regarding genes is TRUE? A)Genes are not allowed to be patented. B)The Canadian government opposes the patenting of human material. C)All of the human genome is patented. D)We do not yet know enough about the human genome in order to patent it.

The human genome contains approximately: A)100,000 genes. B)1,000,000 genes. C)25,000 genes. D)the same number as rice.

Which of the following is a genetic disorder? A)Tay Sachs disease B)Down syndrome C)Turner syndrome D)Fragile X syndrome

Beginning at puberty,females experience monthly sexual events called: A)the climacteric. B)menopause. C)the menstrual cycle. D)andropause.

The process of ovulation prepares the uterine lining for a potential fertilized ovum and: A)increases the acidity of the vagina to facilitate the longevity of the sperm. B)triggers the start of menstruation. C)releases anywhere from six to a dozen eggs. D)inhibits the ripening of other eggs.

After ovulation,if fertilization does not occur,the uterine lining is shed in a process called: A)menstruation. B)capacitation. C)the climacterium. D)puberty.

As a woman approaches the end of her egg-producing years,some eggs may have been present in her body for as long as: A)40 months. B)four days. C)four years. D)40 years.

Ana Clara has just found out she is pregnant.Ana Clara is 45 years old.There is a greater risk that her baby will have abnormalities,because: A)older women tend to have poor diets. B)as a woman ages,she is more susceptible to morning sickness. C)Ana Clara will likely get poor medical care. D)Ana Clara's eggs will be approximately 45 years old as well and so more likely to have genetic abnormalities.

__________ occurs when the egg bursts from the surface of the ovary. A)Pregnancy B)The stage of the zygote C)The embryonic stage D)Ovulation

The egg is released from the ovary's surface and immediately captured by the: A)vagina. B)uterus. C)fallopian tube. D)blastocyst.

Fertilization generally occurs in the: A)uterus. B)cervical region. C)ovary. D)fallopian tube.

The first cell division of the fertilized ovum occurs in the: A)uterus. B)ovary. C)endometrium. D)fallopian tube.

Attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine wall is called: A)implantation. B)insertion. C)embedding. D)burrowing.

Approximately how long is sperm capable of fertilizing an egg following ejaculation? A)12 hours B)12 to 18 hours C)18 to 36 hours D)24 to 48 hours

When a woman's ovaries release two ripened eggs,and separate sperm fertilizes both,the resulting twins are called: A)dizygotic. B)monozygotic. C)identical. D)monochorionic.

Which of the following is true of dizygotic twins? A)They come from the same fertilized egg. B)They share identical genetic information. C)They result from one egg that divides after being fertilized by two separate sperm. D)They are nonidentical and do not share the same DNA.

Tricia recently gave birth to twins with identical features.What type of twins are these? A)Heterozygous B)Monozygotic C)Dizygotic D)Nonidentical

Which of the following is an accurate statement about conclusions based on twin studies? A)Because identical twins have the same genotype,similarities can be linked to genetic influences,while differences can be linked to environmental factors. B)Identical twins are similar because of their common genes,while fraternal twins are as different as non-twin siblings. C)Similarities cannot be attributed to genetics exclusively,because the environment for identical twins is often more similar than for fraternal twins or siblings. D)Identical twins are the best subjects for teasing apart the effects of nature and nurture.

The criterion for infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy after __________ of attempting. A)six months B)one year C)18 months D)two years

In males,the cause of infertility is generally: A)STDs. B)hormonal abnormalities. C)structural abnormalities. D)low sperm counts.

In females,the most common cause of infertility is: A)an alkaline vagina. B)irregular ovulation. C)STD's. D)problems with fallopian tube motility.

__________ is a condition in which tissue normally found in the uterine area grows in other areas such as the fallopian tubes. A)Vaginismus B)Menopause C)Endometriosis D)Dyspareunia

The most familiar form of assisted reproductive technology is: A)in vitro fertilization. B)artificial insemination by donor. C)gamete intrafallopian transfer. D)zygote intrafallopian transfer.

What is the most commonly used assisted reproduction technology? A)In vitro fertilization B)Artificial insemination by donor C)Gamete intrafallopian transfer D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer

__________ is the ART that involves introducing sperm directly into the woman's uterus. A)GIFT B)IVF C)ZIFT D)IUI

Of the following assisted reproduction technologies,which would potentially use the services of a sperm donor? A)IVF B)GIFT C)IUI D)All of these are correct

In a process called __________,both the sperm and the egg are placed in the fallopian tube in an attempt to achieve fertilization. A)in vitro fertilization B)zygote intrafallopian transfer C)intrauterine transfer D)gamete intrafallopian transfer

How much do sperm donors get paid in Canada? A)less than minimum wage B)$20 per sample C)between four and six hundred dollars D)sperm donors do not get paid in Canada

Maya would like to delay pregnancy,but she doesn't want to worry about the disorders associated with older ova.She decides to have her eggs harvested and stored for later use.How long will Maya's eggs be viable? A)5 to 7 weeks B)5 to 7 months C)up to a year D)for years

Freja is concerned for her sister who has been unable to carry a pregnancy to term.As Freja has two children of her own,she has offered to carry her sister's fertilized ova so that her sister may know the joy of motherhood as well.Freja is acting as a(n): A)egg donor B)surrogate mother. C)midwife. D)au pair.

How many forms of assisted reproductive technologies are available today? A)three B)four C)five D)nine

Closed adoption refers to a situation where: A)a biological family member adopts a child. B)the adoption choices are limited by factors of sex or race. C)the adoption is controlled by the state. D)the adopted child's history is sealed by the court.

Adoption can now be a process that involves raising a child with two sets of parents,the biological and the adoptive parents.The process leading to this is called: A)a negotiated adoption. B)an open adoption. C)a voluntary adoption. D)a closed adoption.

Blastocyst is the specific name given to the zygote when it is: A)one to three days old. B)a fluid filled ball of cells ready to implant. C)beginning the fetal period. D)fertilized in the fallopian tube.

The fertilized egg is called the __________ when it reaches the uterus. A)germinal disc B)embryo C)zygote D)blastocyst

The germinal period lasts for __________ following fertilization. A)one week B)two weeks C)one month D)12 weeks

The __________ supplies the embryo with all its needs,carries off all its wastes and protects it from harm. A)uterus B)amniotic sac C)chorion D)placenta

The embryonic period of development lasts from the: A)third through the eighth week. B)ninth through the twentieth week. C)ninth through the fifteenth week. D)third through the twenty-first week.

Basimah is in her fifth week of pregnancy.At what stage of development is the child growing within her? A)The natal stage B)The zygote stage C)The fetal stage D)The embryonic stage

Cellular differentiation in the embryo occurs in the __________ period. A)germinal B)blastocyst C)fetal D)embryonic

The process by which stem cells become specific tissue types,such as skin or neurons occurs in the __________ period. A)embryonic B)germinal C)fetal D)zygotic

The nervous system begins to appear in the __________ week. A)second B)third C)sixth D)seventh

The embryonic heartbeat usually begins around the __________ week. A)third B)fourth C)seventh D)eighth

Fingers begin to be visible on an embryo's hands during the __________ of development. A)sixth and seventh week B)fifth and sixth month C)third trimester D)third week

The __________ period extends from the 3^rd month to birth. A)embryonic B)fetal C)neonatal D)germinal

Alice just found out she is pregnant.This is her first pregnancy,and she is extremely excited to find out if the child she is carrying is a boy or a girl.How soon will she be able to know the child's sex? A)During the sixth week B)During the eighth week C)During the third month D)During the fourth month

During the __________ month of prenatal development,the mother begins to feel movement from the fetus,which is now beginning to turn its head and push with its hands and feet. A)third B)fourth C)fifth D)sixth

By the end of the __________ month of prenatal development,the fetus is 10 to 12 inches long and sleeps and wakes like a newborn. A)third B)fourth C)fifth D)sixth

At what point is the fetus viable? A)End of the fourth month B)End of the fifth month C)End of the sixth month D)End of the seventh month

__________ is the prenatal test that uses sound waves to detect internal structure abnormalities. A)Ultrasound B)Fetoscopy C)CVS D)Karyotyping

Ultrasound images can provide useful information about a fetus as early as: A)two weeks. B)seven weeks. C)sixteen weeks. D)six months.

A non-invasive prenatal test that can determine the well-being of a fetus is __________ which may be done as early as seven weeks. A)AFP B)ultrasound C)CVS D)amniocentesis

Which fetal diagnostic technique is used to gather information about chromosomal abnormalities and provide information about the child's sex? A)Amniocentesis B)Fetoscopy C)Chorionic villi sampling D)Alpha-fetoprotein test

What is the alpha-fetoprotein test for? A)To determine chromosomal abnormalities B)To determine genetic abnormalities C)To determine physical abnormalities D)To determine neural tube abnormalities

An advantage to __________,which is used for fetal genetic testing,is the speed with which results are obtained,ranging from three hours to seven days. A)amniocentesis B)alpha-fetoprotein test C)chorionic villi sampling D)ultrasound

Da-Xia had a procedure done to test for problems with her developing embryo.A catheter was inserted into her vagina to collect cells.What is the name of this test? A)amniocentesis B)AFP C)CVS D)DC

Women who are of normal weight should restrict their weight gain during pregnancy to: A)14 to 18 pounds. B)19 to 24 pounds. C)25 to 35 pounds. D)40 to 45 pounds.

Caroline wants to be sure she is physically able for the delivery of her baby.So she wants to stay active during her pregnancy.Which of the following is important for Caroline to consider? A)Moderate exercise is recommended. B)Exercises that could affect balance should be avoided. C)Exercise will help fitness as well as mental outlook. D)all of these are correct

According to Rubins (1984),pregnant women must transition from a focus on themselves to a focus on their: A)food intake. B)bodies. C)unborn child. D)husbands.

Joyce has mastered each of Rubin's four maternal tasks.As a result,: A)her daughter will be well-adjusted and successful. B)her son is more likely to graduate from college. C)she will be prepared to commit to rearing her child in the years to come. D)she will be more likely to protect her unborn child from negative environmental effects.

When working with a pregnant woman,health care providers should be mindful of cultural differences,including: A)Sex preferences for girl or boy children B)Questions of rightful control over a pregnant woman's body C)The woman's potential change in status because of her pregnancy D)The weight changes that are acceptable in a particular culture

The term __________ describes those children whose well-being is in jeopardy due to possible threats that are present during the growth and maturation process. A)developmental risk B)teratogenic continuum C)biological compromise D)physiological reductionism

__________ are any environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus. A)Neogenetics B)Teratogens C)Mutagens D)Carcinogens

What are the two classes of teratogenic agents? A)Infectious diseases and types of chemicals B)Natural agents and artificial agents C)Positive agents and negative agents D)Genetic and environmental mutagens

The greatest period of risk for birth defects due to teratogens is during the __________ period. A)germinal B)embryonic C)fetal D)neonatal

The STORCH diseases include all of the following EXCEPT: A)syphilis. B)toxoplasmosis. C)herpes. D)fetal alcohol syndrome.

Which of the following STORCH diseases,if untreated,may affect the fetus and can result in about a 50-percent mortality rate and cause blindness,mental retardation,and deafness? A)Toxoplasmosis B)Herpes C)AIDS D)Syphilis

By the second trimester,the death rate of fetuses whose mothers have syphilis is: approximately: A)75 percent. B)50 percent. C)25 percent. D)10 percent.

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a microorganism transmitted by many animals,especially: A)dogs. B)birds. C)rabbits. D)cats.

It is estimated that _____% of pregnant women who are HIV positive will transmit the virus to their infant either during pregnancy or at birth. A)5 B)25 C)30 to 50 D)50 to 70

Whether or not the fetus contracts HIV or develops AIDS seems to depend on: A)the amount of the virus present in the mother. B)the mother's nutritional habits. C)the age of the mother. D)its birth order; first-borns generally do not contract the disease.

Which of the following prescription drugs have been known to cause birth defects? A)Accutane B)Soriatane C)Thalidomide D)All of these are correct

When Jackie experienced her fourth miscarriage and was soon after diagnosed with cervical cancer,her doctor asked if she knew anything about her mother's pregnancy with her.The doctor likely suspects that the drug __________ is behind Jackie's problems. A)thalidomide B)phencyclidine C)darvon D)diethylstilbestrol (DES)

__________ is very likely the most common environmental hazard in pregnancy. A)Alcohol B)Poor nutrition C)Drug use D)Cigarette smoking

The most common and preventable cause of mental retardation is: A)CMV exposure. B)prenatal exposure to alcohol. C)toxoplasmosis. D)maternal smoking.