Quiz 5: Infancy
Psychology
Q 1Q 1
Which lifespan theorist argued that children are like little sponges waiting for something to absorb?
A)Skinner
B)Piaget
C)Emilia
D)Montessori
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 2Q 2
Educators in __________ argue that even the youngest infants exercise some control over the direction of their learning
A)Toulouse,France
B)Tel Aviv,Israel
C)Reggio Emilia,Italy
D)Sapporo,Japan
Free
Multiple Choice
C
Q 3Q 3
__________ proposed that children were "active constructors" in their worlds.
A)Piaget
B)Watson
C)Skinner
D)Freud
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 4Q 4
One of the strengths of the educational system proposed by the Reggio Emilia group is:
A)careful record keeping to inform teachers and parents about the children's progress.
B)reliance on self-reports of adults on what contributed to their educational successes.
C)a focus on reinforcement to encourage learning.
D)development of an unstructured environment to foster creativity.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
Victor is a full term,healthy baby.If he is similar to an average baby,he will weigh:
A)1.2 kilograms.
B)2 kilograms.
C)close to 3 kilograms.
D)3.4 kilogram.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
Shaoqiang's parents are happy that he is healthy and fits into the typical weight and size of newborns.How many centimetres long is Shaoqiang?
A)20
B)30
C)40
D)50
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Terry and Sheila's first born son,Tristan,is now 3 weeks old.If Tristan is a typical infant,his parents can expect his weight to __________ during the first year of his life.
A)double
B)triple
C)fluctuate
D)stay the same
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
If Imari is like most babies,during her first year of life,her body length will be __________ when she was born.
A)three times longer than
B)two times longer than
C)about the same as
D)fifty percent longer than
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
Of the following countries,which had the highest infant mortality rate in 2009?
A)Japan
B)Canada
C)the United States
D)Iceland
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
Of the following countries,which had the lowest infant mortality rate in 2009?
A)the United States
B)Italy
C)Canada
D)Japan
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
Infant death in Canada is often due to:
A)breach births.
B)teratogens.
C)maternal smoking.
D)low birth weight and early birth.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
Of the following characteristics,which is linked to early delivery of babies in Canada?
A)poor mothers with less education
B)poor fathers with less education
C)maternal obesity
D)paternal obesity
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
At birth,an infant's head is __________ of the body's total length.
A)one third
B)one half
C)one fourth
D)one seventh
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
An adult's head is __________ of the body's total length.
A)one seventh
B)one half
C)one fourth
D)one tenth
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
Of the following,which is likely to influence whether a woman chooses to breastfeed or to use formula for her baby?
A)her family's attitudes
B)society's norms
C)her physician's recommendation
D)All of these are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
If Addison is like most mothers in Canada,she will be encouraged by her physician and other health officials to breastfeed her infant exclusively for:
A)six months.
B)four months.
C)three months.
D)six weeks.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding that cannot be matched by formula?
A)A high protein content
B)Longer infant sleep cycles
C)Faster growth
D)Protection against disease
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
With appropriate complementary feeding,the recommended interval for nursing is __________,according to the Canadian Paediatric Society.
A)two years
B)one year
C)six months
D)six weeks
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
The brain's __________ is responsible for primary vision.
A)occipital lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)cerebellum
D)parietal lobe
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
While four-year-old Andrew is articulate and speaks in complete sentences,he can't tell you anything about when he was under a year old because of:
A)infantile amnesia.
B)lack of opportunity.
C)anterograde amnesia.
D)retrograde forgetting.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
The infant's brain at birth is about __________ of its adult size.
A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
Alex gets so frustrated that his infant nephew won't stop crying that he shakes him until the baby's brain loses control over heart rate,respiration,and temperature.What condition was the infant exposed to?
A)Fragile X
B)Shaken Baby syndrome
C)Hippocampus dysfunction
D)Down syndrome
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Which of the following statements concerning the developing infant brain is correct?
A)The first six months of development are genetically hardwired and undergo little environmental alteration.
B)The infant's brain at 6 months old is approximately 75 percent of its adult weight.
C)The infant's brain is continually rewiring itself based on environmental stimulation.
D)The infant's brain at birth is 10 percent of its adult weight.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
Which of the following regarding neurons is TRUE?
A)Neurons randomly die throughout our lifetime.
B)Neurons that receive contradictory information die.
C)Neurons that are not stimulated lose their synapses in a pruning process.
D)Neurons that are over-stimulated lose their synapses in a pruning process.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
By the age of __________ most infants are able to hold their heads steady while sitting and lift their head and shoulders to a 90-degree angle while lying on their stomachs.
A)8 months
B)4 months
C)2 months
D)1 month
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
Ryan is seven months old and is able to get around in what his older brother calls an "army crawl" because Ryan can't get his stomach off the ground.Ryan is actually:
A)creeping.
B)crawling.
C)crab walking.
D)rolling.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
Failure-to-thrive infants are in the bottom __________ of height and weight measures.
A)3 percent
B)10 percent
C)18 percent
D)25 percent
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
Sarah is a toddler who weighs far less than other children her age.When her parents sought medical help,they discovered Sarah has a problem with her intestines so that she doesn't absorb food.Sarah's condition is:
A)categorized as organic failure to thrive.
B)an example of intestinal dwarfism.
C)known as nonorganic failure to thrive.
D)the result of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
Of the following infants,who is most at risk of SIDS?
A)Taylor,whose mother places her on her back each night
B)Christian,who sleeps in quilted pajamas with no blanket or pillow
C)Alim,whose mother smokes cigarettes
D)Jayden,who is 3 weeks old
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
__________ is the term for an infant's becoming increasingly inattentive to a familiar stimulus.
A)Aversion
B)Activation synthesis
C)Habituation
D)Assimilation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 31Q 31
Johnny is 4 months old and his older brother Gus is playing with him.Gus holds up a bright red ball for Johnny to look at,but after a couple of minutes Johnny stops looking and looks away when his brother attempts to capture his attention again with the ball.Johnny has:
A)developed a mild fear of the ball.
B)habituated to the ball.
C)developed an aversion to the ball.
D)become unable to separate the ball from the background of the room.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 32Q 32
Sebastian is three weeks old.If his parents want to decorate his crib with items he will most enjoy looking at,they should include:
A)soft pastels.
B)cartoon characters of animals.
C)black and white polka dots or checkerboards.
D)bright primary colours,including greens and blues.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
Lucie is holding her newborn.Lucie wants to make sure her baby has sufficient visual stimulation to develop normally.What could you tell Lucie?
A)"If you make sure you dress in bright yellow and blue clothing,your baby's color perception will develop normally."
B)"Be sure to avoid strong black and white patterns as they will inhibit color perception."
C)"While all colours are acceptable,babies are particularly attracted to soft colors."
D)"By holding your baby,you are allowing her to see your face,which she prefers to look at."
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 34Q 34
Now that Jackson is 9 months of age and is actively crawling,his parents are worried that he will not recognize stairs and the edge of the bed.What could you tell them?
A)"You are right to worry,as babies don't develop depth perception until they begin walking."
B)"Jackson will be fine,because babies are born with the ability to perceive depth."
C)"Jackson has been able to perceive depth since he was about 8 weeks old,so he will be safe."
D)"While you are right to be cautious,if Jackson is crawling,he is developing depth perception."
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 35Q 35
When do babies begin to process auditory stimuli?
A)by 2 months of age
B)by 1 month of age
C)by one week of age
D)before they are born
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Hailey is only three days old.If she is typical of newborns,she will prefer:
A)to listen to people talking.
B)to listen to music.
C)to look at brightly colored patterns.
D)to have only quiet,muted sounds around her.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 37Q 37
According to Piaget,the sensorimotor period of infant development is characterized by the child's:
A)egocentrism.
B)empathy.
C)accommodation.
D)actualization.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 38Q 38
__________ is Piaget's term for infants' motor activity that is repeated in developing stages.
A)Circular reactions
B)Cyclical behaviour
C)Cyclothymia
D)Redundant actions
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 39Q 39
According to Piaget,it is necessary that babies __________ in order to learn about the world.
A)are rewarded
B)tutored
C)are able to move and interact with objects
D)try things once
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
According to Piaget,the dominant behaviour seen in Stage 1 of the sensorimotor period is:
A)sucking.
B)crying.
C)temperature regulation.
D)achieving object conservation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
Théo is two weeks old.The behaviour that he exhibits most of the time is sucking or looking for something to suck on.Théo is in __________ of Piaget's sensorimotor period.
A)third stage
B)second stage
C)first stage
D)the prestage
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Piaget's term for infants' activities that are focused on their own bodies and reflexes is:
A)tertiary circular reactions.
B)secondary circular reactions.
C)coordination of secondary schemes.
D)primary circular reactions.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
At 3 months of age,Niu spends her time watching her toes kick.She is fascinated by this repeated movement.Niu's behavior is an example of Piaget's:
A)first stage of the sensorimotor period.
B)primary circular reactions.
C)secondary circular reactions.
D)tertiary circular reactions.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
An 8-month-old child sitting in a high chair and repeatedly banging a spoon on the tray would be exhibiting what Piaget termed:
A)primary circular reactions.
B)secondary circular reactions.
C)tertiary circular reactions.
D)secondary schemata.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
Intentional or goal-driven behaviour is first evidenced when the infant begins to combine behaviours to achieve a goal.According to Piaget,this is known as:
A)secondary circular reactions.
B)tertiary circular reactions.
C)coordination of secondary schemes.
D)internal representation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
In Piaget's model,__________ occur(s)when children use symbols to think about real events without actually experiencing them.
A)Coordination of secondary schemes
B)Internalization of schemes
C)Tertiary circular reactions
D)Combination of quaternary schemes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Which of the following children is demonstrating internalization of schemes?
A)Leah,as she annoys her mother by continuously dropping her spoon so she can watch her mother pick it up
B)Dylan,who is carefully kicking his mobile to watch it go around
C)Jonathan,who is pretending the hair dryer is a power drill
D)Laria,who is carefully stacking cereal boxes
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
An infant who does not attempt to retrieve or seek out a stuffed animal she and her father have been playing with after he hides it behind his back has likely not yet developed a sense of:
A)habituation.
B)seriation.
C)causality.
D)object permanence.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
Caleb tried to get his mother's attention by whining,but this didn't work.Caleb thought about what behaviours worked in the past when his mother talked to him,so he tugged on her sleeve and said,"Mama." She hugged him.Caleb's solution of this problem is an example of _________ approach to cognitive development.
A)a biological
B)an instrumental
C)the information processing
D)Piaget's
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
In contrast to many explanations of development,information processing theory is not:
A)a stage approach.
B)based on assumptions of internal behaviour.
C)dependent on the active behaviour of the child.
D)limited by biological models.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
Infants are not passive observers; they actively process incoming stimuli.An infant who hears her father's voice will likely become more alert.The area of the brain directly responsible for this change in arousal level is located in the:
A)limbic system.
B)brain stem.
C)auditory system.
D)cortex.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
Memories are stored in the connections between the neurons in the brain.These connections are known as:
A)junctions.
B)synapses.
C)nodes.
D)myelin.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 53Q 53
__________ refers to children's use of surrounding context to understand words' meanings.
A)Fast mapping
B)Coordination of secondary schemes
C)Internal processing
D)Syntax
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
At about what age have children acquired the fundamentals of their language?
A)3 years
B)5 years
C)7 years
D)9 years
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
What is the correct sequence of language development during the child's first year?
A)Crying,cooing,babbling,single words
B)Babbling,crying,cooing,single words
C)Cooing,crying,babbling,single words
D)Crying,babbling,cooing,single words
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
According to Vygotsky,crying,cooing,and babbling are all part of:
A)preintellectual speech.
B)native psychology.
C)egocentric speech.
D)inner speech.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
Obelix entertains his parents by cooing and distresses them by crying.These sounds are essential parts of communication and indicate that Obelix is in the __________ stage of language development according to Vygotsky.
A)third
B)second
C)first
D)final
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
__________ is Vygotsky's term for the stage when children explore the concrete objects in their world and begin to label them.
A)Egocentric speech
B)Internalization of objects
C)Inner speech
D)Naive psychology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
Three-year-old Estevan is chatting away in a deep conversation.The interesting part is that there is no one in the room with him but his dog and his toys.Estevan is exhibiting:
A)egocentric speech.
B)autistic behaviour.
C)preintellectual speech.
D)holophrases.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
The final stage of Vygotsky's approach to language development involves:
A)inner speech.
B)egocentric speech.
C)babbling.
D)telegraphic speech.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 61Q 61
Six-year-old Avery is putting together a model horse that is quite challenging.As she sorts through the pieces of tack,she sometimes talks to herself out loud and sometimes she mutters quietly.Her parents are concerned that their daughter talks to herself.What should you tell them?
A)"Talking to herself is important in planning and guiding complex behaviour."
B)"Your daughter is delayed in development,because she has to talk to herself."
C)"Avery will likely have trouble with impulse control later."
D)"It is important that Avery learn self control,and so limit her talk to conversations."
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Gavin's primary communication is in the form of gurgles and coos.How old is Gavin?
A)no older than 2 months
B)from 2 to 5 months
C)5 to 7 months
D)around 8 months
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 63Q 63
"Da da da da da ba ba ba ba ma ma ma," chortles little Ji while his father rocks him in the recliner.Because Ji can produce these repetitive syllables,he must be:
A)around 3 months old.
B)between 4 and 5 months of age.
C)close to 6 months of age.
D)7 months or older.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 64Q 64
When 4-year-old Sada learns to say "I want a drink of water" instead of pointing and saying "water,drink" she is mastering the __________ of the English language.
A)syntax
B)semantics
C)phonology
D)morphology
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 65Q 65
Interactions between a parent and infant are:
A)passive on the parent's part.
B)passive on the child's part.
C)active on the child's,as well as the parent's part.
D)primarily emphasised by responses to physical needs.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
Which of the following components of family relationships is important to the development of an infant,physically as well as socially?
A)Marital satisfaction of the parents
B)Sibling-sibling interactions
C)Parent-sibling interactions
D)all of these are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
__________ refer to the mutual changes that occur in a relationship resulting from the behaviours and attitudes of the individuals involved.
A)Reciprocal interactions
B)Synchronous dynamics
C)Autonomous relations
D)Entrainment rhythms
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
If an infant has an easygoing demeanor,his or her parents will likely respond favourably to the child most of the time,which in turn will increase the infant's security and confidence and cause the parents to treat the child even more favourably.This is an example of:
A)autonomy.
B)reciprocal interactions.
C)attachment expectations.
D)synchrony.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
Baby Sean may be cooing,smiling,and kicking primarily to:
A)exercise his newly developing muscles.
B)maintain reciprocal interactions with his parents.
C)further his own cognitive development.
D)develop autonomy.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
The success of any child-parent relationship hinges upon how the parents view and exercise their roles and:
A)the age of the child.
B)the number of children they have.
C)their age when they have children.
D)how the child reacts to the parenting style.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
Ideally,parents' expectations of their child and their sense of how to parent that child should:
A)be patterned after their relationship with their own parents.
B)mesh with their child's abilities and personality.
C)be founded on authoritarian principles.
D)reflect the mores of their particular community.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
__________ are considered "the language of infancy."
A)Emotions
B)Babbling
C)Biological needs
D)Frustrations
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
Evan was playing with Kayla when she decided she wanted to play with the truck Evan had.Evan protested,but his mother told him to share.Evan smiled as he handed Kayla the truck.Evan's smile may be interpreted as evidence that:
A)sharing makes him happy.
B)he is glad that he can make Kayla happy.
C)he is being polite but would really rather cry.
D)any of these are
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
Of the following,which one is an important milestone in the development of healthy emotional expression?
A)Knowing which emotion is appropriate
B)Managing emotional reactions
C)Recognizing the motivations triggered by emotions
D)all of these are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 75Q 75
Which emotions are typically expressed by newborn?
A)Delight,wariness,anger
B)Fear,anxiety,shyness
C)Shame,defiance
D)Pleasure,distress,disgust
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 76Q 76
Tahirah is crying loudly at being left alone in her crib.Tahirah is 2 months old.What emotion is she likely showing?
A)Shame
B)Fear
C)Anxiety
D)Distress
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 77Q 77
Anger first appears as an emotion in babies that are __________ months old.
A)two
B)three
C)seven
D)twelve
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 78Q 78
Landon is delighted when his mother picks him up from his crib and angry when she sets him down in the playpen.Landon must be at least __________ of age.
A)one month
B)two months
C)three months
D)one year
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 79Q 79
A baby that is six to nine months old will begin to display:
A)pleasure,distress,and disgust.
B)fear,anxiety,pleasure,and shyness.
C)elation.
D)shame and defiance.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 80Q 80
When Angel was placed in a crib with an older child who immediately started to cry,Angel tried to climb out of the crib.It was clear to his father that Angel was anxious about the situation.How old must Angel be to experience this emotion?
A)Angel must be between six and nine months
B)Angel must be between three to four months
C)Angel must be around five months
D)Angel must be at least one year old.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 81Q 81
For most infants,stranger anxiety occurs between the ages of:
A)3 to 6 months
B)6 to 9 months
C)9 to 12 months
D)12 to 18 months
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 82Q 82
Ten-month-old Brooklyn is going to meet her aunt for the first time.Brooklyn has always been a friendly baby,but when her aunt tried to hold her,Brooklyn clung to her mother and began to whimper.Brooklyn is exhibiting:
A)stranger anxiety.
B)separation anxiety.
C)defiance.
D)insecure attachment.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 83Q 83
Separation anxiety typically appears around the age of:
A)9 to 12 months.
B)6 to 9 months.
C)3 to 5 months.
D)birth to 3 months.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 84Q 84
When does a baby's smile indicate recognition of faces in a social context?
A)by the sixth week
B)by the third week
C)newborns can do this
D)when a baby displays a smile of recognition depends upon cultural influences
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 85Q 85
__________ is defined as behaviour intended to keep a child or adult in close proximity to a significant other.
A)Infant aggression
B)Reciprocal interactions
C)Symbiosis
D)Attachment
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 86Q 86
Two of the most influential researchers in attachment are:
A)Bowlby and Ainsworth.
B)Watson and Raynor.
C)Masters and Johnson.
D)Freud and Jung.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 87Q 87
What is Bowlby's basic premise of attachment?
A)A warm,intimate relationship between mother and infant is essential to mental health,as the child's need for comfort is as great as its need for nourishment.
B)The total range of reinforcement provided by the caregiver explains attachment.
C)Attachment is an intellectual achievement involving cognitive concepts based on prediction and outcomes.
D)Infants become attached to those who provide them oral satisfaction.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 88Q 88
Bowlby found that the most important caregiver in a child's life is:
A)the biological mother.
B)the biological father.
C)a grandparent.
D)not necessarily the biological parent.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 89Q 89
What is the correct sequence of behaviours,as seen in Bowlby's work,when children who have good relationships with their mothers are separated from them?
A)Detachment,despair,protest
B)Despair,protest,detachment
C)Despair,detachment,protest
D)Protest,despair,detachment
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 90Q 90
In the __________ stage of separation,the child cries loudly,is restless,and rejects all adult figures.
A)protest
B)despair
C)detachment
D)alarm
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 91Q 91
Lucas's mother experienced complications from an emergency appendectomy.She has been in the hospital for more than a week.Lucas has withdrawn,become lethargic,and cries softly for hours.According to Bowlby,Lucas:
A)is in despair.
B)has become detached.
C)is resistant.
D)is avoidant.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 92Q 92
Lucas's mother has been hospitalized for an extended period of time.At first,Lucas was consolable,but now he will allow caregivers to pick him up,and he has resumed eating and playing.Unlike before his mother left,Lucas is quiet and reserved.As predicted by Bowlby,Lucas is:
A)detached.
B)protesting his mother's absence.
C)in despair.
D)exhausted.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 93Q 93
If an infant is apathetic to those around them after separation from their parent,Bowlby would say they are:
A)exhausted.
B)protesting their loss.
C)detached.
D)in despair.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 94Q 94
From Bowlby's work on attachment,how would a 9-month-old infant behave if separated from its mother?
A)He would exhibit little or no initial reaction.
B)He would cry when his mother leaves.
C)He would notice her impending departure,signaling a better understanding of his surrounding world.
D)He would accept his mother's temporary absence.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 95Q 95
From Bowlby's work on attachment,how would a 4-month-old infant behave if separated from its mother?
A)She would show distress when her mother leaves.
B)She would cry unceasingly when her mother leaves.
C)She would notice her mother's impending departure,signaling a better understanding of her surrounding world.
D)She would begin to accept her mother's temporary absence.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 96Q 96
Children's behaviour indicates secure attachment when they:
A)are not distressed upon the mother's departure.
B)do not notice the mother's departure.
C)are distressed and cry at the mother's departure.
D)do not seek contact upon the mother's return.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 97Q 97
How did Ainsworth describe mothers of avoidant attached infants?
A)Anxious during separation from their child
B)Reluctant to seek help from others
C)Indifferent to physical contact
D)Encouraged exploration in their infants
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 98Q 98
Children who did not seem distressed upon their mother's departure,and who did not seek contact with her upon her return,would be classified as:
A)securely attached.
B)avoidantly attached.
C)ambivalently attached.
D)disorganized in their attachment.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 99Q 99
Behaviours of infants who are categorized as ambivalently attached include:
A)distress at being left by the caretaker,and immediate contact upon their return.
B)neutrality at being left by the caretaker,and avoidance upon their return.
C)little show of emotion upon the caretaker's departure,and confusion upon their return.
D)distress at being left by the caretaker,and uncertainty upon their return.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 100Q 100
What was the important conclusion from Harlow's work with monkeys and attachment?
A)Contact comfort is more important than association with food for developing attachment.
B)Food is the initial attraction but shifts to contact comfort as the infant matures.
C)Consistency was more important that either food or contact.
D)The effects of early neglect can be overcome later by adequate nutrition.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 101Q 101
An individual's unique and stable style of behaviour make up his or her:
A)personality.
B)temperament.
C)attitude.
D)emotional set.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 102Q 102
An individual's temperament is formed:
A)through both genetic and environmental influences.
B)almost exclusively through environmental factors.
C)almost exclusively through genetic factors.
D)by parents and teachers.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 103Q 103
Results from the New York Longitudinal Study by Chess and Thomas indicate that children as young as _________ exhibit specific temperament types.
A)12 to 18 months
B)10 to 12 months
C)6 to 8 months
D)2 to 3 months
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 104Q 104
Which of the following is true of temperament in children?
A)Once temperament is established in early childhood,it never changes.
B)Temperament tends to fluctuate considerably during early developmental years.
C)A child's temperament easily can be changed to match parental expectations.
D)Temperament is established early on in the developmental process but can change with ongoing development.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 105Q 105
Chess and Thomas characterized children as having an easy temperament if they exhibited:
A)a regularity of bodily functions and low or moderate intensity of reactions.
B)moderate reactions,but showed signs of withdrawal from novel situations.
C)low intensity of reactions and a somewhat negative mood.
D)high intensity of reactions,but interest in new situations.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 106Q 106
All four of Beth and John's children have temperaments that Chess and Thomas would call "easy." These children are among the __________ of classifiable children.
A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)40 percent
D)75 percent
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 107Q 107
A child classified by Chess and Thomas as having a difficult temperament would likely:
A)be attracted to a novel situation.
B)be indifferent to a novel situation.
C)be fearful of a novel situation.
D)be both fearful of and attracted to a novel situation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 108Q 108
A(n)__________ infant is characterized by a low intensity of reactions and somewhat of a negative mood by Chess and Thomas.
A)ambivalent
B)difficult
C)slow-to-warm-up
D)detached
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 109Q 109
__________ is the ability to recognize the meaning of a child's behaviour.
A)Reciprocal interactions
B)Goodness of fit
C)Attachment
D)Sensitive responsiveness
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 110Q 110
The best way to maintain goodness of fit in a child-parent relationship is for the parents to:
A)change their expectations as the child's needs change.
B)establish early expectations and maintain them consistently
C)continually encourage the child to perform beyond his or her current abilities.
D)remain somewhat complacent,and let the child determine the direction of the relationship.
Free
Multiple Choice