Question 1

Metamorphosis in tadpoles is controlled by growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

Metamorphosis in tadpoles is controlled by thyroid hormones, not growth hormone.

Question 2

Estradiol is a potent stimulator of vitellogenesis (yolk production)in egg-laying vertebrates.Increasing evidence suggests that many pollutants,for instance those derived from pulp mills,may mimic the actions of estradiol.If one were to place a sexually immature fish in water containing pulp mill effluents,what might you expect would occur?
A)The rate of vitellogenesis would decline.
B)The rate of vitellogenesis would increase.
C)The fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.
D)The rate of vitellogenesis would decline and the fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.
E)The rate of vitellogenesis would increase and the fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.

Accepted Answer

Pollutants that mimic the actions of estradiol can stimulate vitellogenesis and potentially cause sexually immature fish to reach sexual maturity sooner, similar to the natural effects of estradiol.

Question 3

This hormone does not play a role in the female reproductive system.
A)estradiol
B)progesterone
C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D)follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones
E)insulin

Accepted Answer

Insulin is not a hormone directly involved in the female reproductive system but plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose metabolism in the body. Estradiol, progesterone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone are all hormones involved in various stages of the female reproductive system.

Question 4

A physician has a young man as a patient who does not seem to be developing male secondary sex characteristics.Predict which hormone the physician could prescribe to help this issue.
A)estradiol
B)progesterone
C)testosterone
D)cortisol
E)growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics, such as facial and body hair, deepening of voice, and muscle mass. Prescribing testosterone can help to address the issue of a young man not developing these characteristics. Estradiol and progesterone are female sex hormones, cortisol is a stress hormone, and growth hormone primarily affects bone and muscle growth rather than sexual development.

Question 5

An explanation for why an individual that is incapable of generating the fight or flight response would be abnormal function of this gland.
A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal gland
C)gonad
D)heart
E)pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The fight or flight response is a physiological response to stress or danger, which is regulated by the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland secretes hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol that trigger a variety of responses in the body, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, as well as the release of stored energy. If an individual is incapable of generating this response, it suggests abnormal function of the adrenal gland.

Question 6

Your physician has requested a test that involves radioactive iodine.This material will be injected and monitored to watch for normal rates of uptake.Test results reveal that the rate of uptake is abnormal.Which hormone would you predict to be outside of a homeostatic range?
A)cortisol
B)growth hormone
C)insulin
D)thyroid hormone
E)atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

The test mentioned in the question involves radioactive iodine, which is used to monitor the uptake of thyroid hormones. Therefore, an abnormal rate of uptake suggests that there is a problem with thyroid hormone levels, making option D the correct answer. Options A, B, C, and E are not directly involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels, and therefore are not likely to be affected by this particular test.

Question 7

Arginine vasotocin is present in non-mammalian vertebrates and shares structural and functional properties with mammalian antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.Through these similarities it has been suggested that arginine vasotocin could be the ancestral precursor to the posterior pituitary hormone in vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

Arginine vasotocin shares structural and functional properties with mammalian antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and is present in non-mammalian vertebrates, suggesting it could be the ancestral precursor to the posterior pituitary hormone in vertebrates.

Question 8

The nervous system integrates with the endocrine system to control hormone secretion.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis in the body. The nervous system signals the endocrine system to release hormones, and the hormones produced by the endocrine system can also affect the activity of the nervous system. This coordinated response helps regulate a wide range of bodily functions, from metabolism to growth and development.

Question 9

Which hormones counteract each other in regulating calcium homeostasis?
A)antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
B)atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone
C)parathyroid hormone and vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D)
D)antidiuretic hormone and parathyroid hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone and vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D)

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D work together to increase blood calcium levels. PTH stimulates bone resorption, releasing calcium into the bloodstream, while vitamin D increases calcium absorption from dietary sources in the intestine. Additionally, vitamin D increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, PTH and vitamin D work in opposition to other hormones, such as calcitonin, which decreases blood calcium levels.

Question 10

Imagine that your pancreatic function has been compromised.This has lead to your inability to maintain your blood glucose levels.Predict which two hormones your physician would administer to return you to homeostatic glucose levels.
A)insulin and glucagon
B)epinephrine and glucagon
C)epinephrine and insulin
D)cortisol and glucagon
E)cortisol and insulin

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon are the two major hormones responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels and acts to facilitate glucose uptake and storage in cells, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. Glucagon, on the other hand, is released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low and acts to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, releasing glucose into the bloodstream and thereby increasing blood glucose levels. Administering both insulin and glucagon would help to restore homeostatic blood glucose levels in an individual with compromised pancreatic function.

Question 11

A growth-hormone releasing hormone tumor in the brain could lead to stunted growth in children.

Accepted Answer

A growth-hormone releasing hormone tumor typically leads to increased secretion of growth hormone, which would cause accelerated growth in children, not stunted growth.

Question 12

In a mammal that you are studying,blood sodium levels are decreasing sharply.To correct this problem,which hormone might you try to administer?
A)cortisol
B)aldosterone
C)estrogen
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)testosterone

Accepted Answer

To correct the problem of decreasing blood sodium levels, the hormone that should be administered is aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps to increase blood sodium levels. The other hormones listed (cortisol, estrogen, testosterone, and antidiuretic hormone) do not have a significant effect on sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 13

Juvenile hormone is a critical growth regulatory and maturity hormone in people.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile hormone is not present in humans and is primarily found in insects where it plays a role in regulating growth and development. Humans have different hormones that regulate growth and maturity, such as growth hormone and sex hormones.

Question 14

After you eat lunch,as the nutrients in your food are released in the digestive process eventually make their way into the blood.The rising nutrient levels quickly level the normal homeostatic range.Normally,a hormone would be released at this time to regulate these nutrients.Imagine that in your case,that return to homeostatic levels does not occur.What hormone would you need to receive to return to return to normal blood levels?
A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)cortisol
D)epinephrine
E)growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream and into cells for energy production. If blood sugar levels remain elevated after a meal, it indicates a lack of insulin production or resistance to insulin. Therefore, receiving insulin would be the appropriate choice to return to normal blood levels.

Question 15

Often one is not acclimated to the cold after having moved from a warm to cooler climate.Similarly,individuals may have difficulty adjusting to the heat after having moved from a cold to warm region.This difficulty in acclimating to different temperatures most likely requires adjustments in thyroid gland activity.

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, which includes body temperature. So, it is likely that adjustments in thyroid gland activity are required for acclimating to different temperatures.

Question 16

Insulin's affect on reducing blood glucose levels are counteracted by glucagon's actions,which increase blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon are two hormones with opposite effects on blood glucose levels. Insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in cells while glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. Therefore, insulin's actions to reduce blood glucose levels can be counteracted by glucagon's actions, which increase blood glucose levels.

Question 17

You are currently studying the behavior and physiology of a vertebrate about which little is known.Based on what you know about other vertebrates,what would you predict would be the state of this animal when it was not in the fight or flight state.
A)Energy stores such as adipose tissue and glycogen are broken down to mobilize fatty acids and glucose.
B)The heart rate increases and airways are dilated to promote maximum oxygen intake.
C)Elevations in cortisol are needed to increase glucose.
D)Catabolic hormones are activateD.
E)Leptin levels are increased to enhance appetitE.

Accepted Answer

When not in the fight or flight state, vertebrates are typically in a rest and digest state, where the body focuses on energy storage and maintenance rather than mobilization of energy. Leptin is a hormone that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which would be consistent with a state of energy conservation and maintenance rather than the active mobilization of energy stores.

Question 18

The use of androgens by athletes can cause the testes to shrink.

Accepted Answer

Androgens, including anabolic steroids, can suppress natural testosterone production and cause testicular atrophy (shrinkage).

Question 19

Vitamin D is a hormone produced in part by exposure to sunlight.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is produced in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. It is then converted to its active form in the liver and kidneys.

Quiz 39: Endocrine Systems

Metamorphosis in tadpoles is controlled by growth hormone.

This hormone does not play a role in the female reproductive system.

A physician has a young man as a patient who does not seem to be developing male secondary sex characteristics.Predict which hormone the physician could prescribe to help this issue.

An explanation for why an individual that is incapable of generating the fight or flight response would be abnormal function of this gland.

Your physician has requested a test that involves radioactive iodine.This material will be injected and monitored to watch for normal rates of uptake.Test results reveal that the rate of uptake is abnormal.Which hormone would you predict to be outside of a homeostatic range?

The nervous system integrates with the endocrine system to control hormone secretion.

Which hormones counteract each other in regulating calcium homeostasis?

Imagine that your pancreatic function has been compromised.This has lead to your inability to maintain your blood glucose levels.Predict which two hormones your physician would administer to return you to homeostatic glucose levels.

A growth-hormone releasing hormone tumor in the brain could lead to stunted growth in children.

In a mammal that you are studying,blood sodium levels are decreasing sharply.To correct this problem,which hormone might you try to administer?

Juvenile hormone is a critical growth regulatory and maturity hormone in people.

Insulin's affect on reducing blood glucose levels are counteracted by glucagon's actions,which increase blood glucose.

You are currently studying the behavior and physiology of a vertebrate about which little is known.Based on what you know about other vertebrates,what would you predict would be the state of this animal when it was not in the fight or flight state.

The use of androgens by athletes can cause the testes to shrink.

Vitamin D is a hormone produced in part by exposure to sunlight.