Quiz 40: Animal Reproduction and Development
Biology
Q 1Q 1
Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contractions during the birth process in mammals?
A)oxytocin
B)testosterone
C)FSH
D)chorionic gonadotropin
E)LH
Free
Multiple Choice
A
Q 2Q 2
Maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy in mammals requires
A)testosterone.
B)FSH.
C)LH.
D)progesterone.
Free
Multiple Choice
D
Q 3Q 3
Which of the following organisms would most likely produce asexually?
A)a bird in an urban environment
B)a lizard in an equatorial desert
C)a mammal in a temperate forest
D)a worker honeybee
Free
Multiple Choice
B
Q 4Q 4
The fact that regeneration is a common type of reproduction in sea stars suggests that
A)sea star populations have high levels of genetic diversity.
B)all sea stars are haploid.
C)sea stars have almost no predators.
D)adult sea star cells retain the ability to form a complete animal.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 5Q 5
Sexual reproduction
A)allows more offspring to be produced per individual.
B)allows a parent to pass on 100% of their genes to offspring.
C)increases genetic variation.
D)results in the formation of a haploid zygote.
E)only occurs in vertebrates.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 6Q 6
Paland and Lynch showed that sexual populations have fewer deleterious mutations than asexual populations.What hypothesis do these results support?
A)sexual reproduction prevents fertilization with gametes carrying alleles with deleterious alleles.
B)sexual reproduction produces fewer random mutations than asexual reproduction.
C)asexual reproduction is associated with lower genetic diversity,resulting in the accumulation of highly deleterious mutations.
D)in sexual reproduction,the reassorting of alleles allows for the elimination of more detrimental alleles than in asexual reproduction.
E)sexual strains are associated with higher genetic diversity and thus accumulate more beneficial mutations than asexual strains.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 7Q 7
Which of the following cells are haploid?
A)oogonium
B)primary spermatocyte
C)primary oocyte
D)ovum
E)spermatogonium
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 8Q 8
In female mammals,germ cells
A)are not produced until puberty.
B)are arrested in meiosis I until puberty.
C)develop into fully mature gametes before birth.
D)arrested in meiosis II until puberty.
E)arrested in mitosis until puberty.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 9Q 9
External fertilization
A)occurs in amphibians.
B)often leaves fertilized eggs susceptible to predation.
C)involves the release of eggs and sperm into a body of water.
D)requires specialized behavior.
E)All of these statements are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 10Q 10
All types of internal fertilization require
A)specialized anatomical structures.
B)a penis in the male.
C)transfer of a spermatophore to the female reproductive tract.
D)a terrestrial environment.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 11Q 11
Place the following events of the acrosomal reaction in the correct chronological order.
(1)The acrosome releases hydrolytic enzymes.
(2)Sperm-binding proteins on the membrane bind the sperm.
(3)Sperm nucleus enters the egg.
(4)Sperm and egg plasma membranes fuse.
(5)Sperm contacts the egg's jelly coat.
A)5,1,2,4,3
B)1,5,4,3,2
C)1,2,4,3,5
D)5,2,4,3,1
E)3,5,2,1,4
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 12Q 12
What would result if more than one sperm fertilized an egg?
A)One sperm nucleus would degenerate.
B)parthenogenesis
C)polyploidy
D)twins
E)haploidy
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 13Q 13
How does the embryo of an egg-laying animal obtain nutrients for growth?
A)from the mother's body
B)from the yolk of the egg
C)through tiny pores in the shell of the egg
D)from the amniotic sac
E)from the calcium carbonate found in the egg shell
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 14Q 14
Which of the following lists the structures of the male reproductive tract in the proper order from sperm production to ejaculation?
A)vas deferens,epididymis,seminiferous tubules,ejaculatory duct,urethra
B)seminal vesicles,vas deferens,prostate,urethra,ejaculatory duct
C)seminiferous tubules,epididymis,vas deferens,ejaculatory duct,urethra
D)vas deferens,epididymis,seminal vesicles,ejaculatory duct,urethra
E)epididymis,seminiferous tubules,ejaculatory duct,vas deferens,urethra
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 15Q 15
What are the three glands that produce the liquid portion of semen?
A)prostate,seminal vesicles,bulbourethral
B)hypothalamus,prostate,Leydig
C)Leydig,prostate,bulbourethral
D)seminal vesicles,hypothalamus,bulbourethral
E)seminal vesicle,Leydig,hypothalamus
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 16Q 16
Erection occurs when
A)the spongy erectile tissue of the penis becomes engorged with blood.
B)the veins flowing out of the penis vasoconstrict.
C)the arteries of the penis vasodilate.
D)nitric oxide is releaseD.
E)All of these events occur to promote an erection.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 17Q 17
The inability of a man to produce LH would result in
A)the inability of Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
B)the inability of the anterior pituitary to produce FSH.
C)the loss of positive feedback control on FSH release.
D)decreased GnRH production by the hypothalamus.
E)exaggerated secondary sex characteristics.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 18Q 18
What structures of the male and female reproductive systems share a common embryonic origin?
A)clitoris and scrotum
B)labia minora and penis
C)clitoris and penis
D)cervix and ejaculatory duct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 19Q 19
Fertilization of an ovum normally occurs in the
A)uterus.
B)ovary.
C)oviduct.
D)vagina.
E)cervix.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 20Q 20
In what order do sperm move through the structures of the female reproductive tract?
A)cervix,vagina,uterus,oviduct
B)vagina,uterus,oviduct,ovary
C)vagina,cervix,uterus,oviduct
D)endometrium,cervix,uterus,oviduct
E)ovary,oviduct,uterus,vagina
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 21Q 21
If a mammalian species that lives in an area with harsh winters and mild springs and summers has a gestation length of five months,when would you expect mating to occur? Assume implantation and pregnancy immediately follow mating.
A)mid-summer
B)late fall
C)early spring
D)mid-spring
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 22Q 22
The sharp peak of estradiol secretion during the ovarian cycle
A)inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH.
B)stimulates the secretion of LH and ovulation.
C)stimulates growth of the uterine lining.
D)stimulates completion of meiosis I.
E)inhibits progesterone production.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 23Q 23
Which of the choices lists the three phases of the ovarian cycle in the correct order?
A)follicular,luteal,ovulation
B)follicular,proliferative,secretory
C)luteal,ovulation,secretory
D)follicular,ovulation,luteal
E)luteal,secretory,ovulation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 24Q 24
What is true of the corpus luteum?
A)Secretions of the corpus luteum stimulate LH and FSH secretion.
B)Secretions of the corpus luteum prepare the uterus for implantation of the embryo.
C)Secretions of the corpus luteum induce maturation of primary oocytes.
D)The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is estradiol.
E)The major hormone secreted from the corpus luteum is LH.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 25Q 25
If pregnancy does not occur,what hormome will decrease in concentration?
A)chorionic gonadotropin
B)progesterone
C)FSH
D)LH
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 26Q 26
In mammals,gestation is defined physiologically as the time from _____ to birth.
A)fertilization
B)implantation
C)blastocyst formation
D)ovulation
E)the first missed menstruation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 27Q 27
In placental mammals,how does the fetus obtain nutrients and oxygen?
A)Maternal veins and and fetal arteries are directly connected in the chorionic villi.
B)Diffusion into the umbilical capillaries from maternal blood surrounding the chorionic villi.
C)Maternal blood cells are carried across the fetal capillary walls through special pores.
D)Maternal arteries and fetal veins are directly connected in the chorionic villi.
E)Diffusion into the umbilical cord from maternal blood surrounding the chorionic villi.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 28Q 28
Place the events of parturition in the correct order.
(1)Stretch-sensitive neurons send signals to the hypothalamus.
(2)Oxytocin receptors increase in the uterus.
(3)Prostaglandin levels increase.
(4)Estradiol levels increase.
(5)Oxytocin levels increase.
(6)Uterine muscles start to contract.
A)1,2,4,5,3,6
B)4,2,1,5,6,3
C)5,2,4,1,3,6
D)1,6,4,2,5,3
E)4,3,1,2,5,6
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 29Q 29
What allows fetal hemoglobin to remove oxygen from maternal hemoglobin?
A)Fetal hemoglobin has an extra heme group.
B)Oxygen is more soluble in fetal blood than maternal blood.
C)Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does maternal hemoglobin.
D)Fetal blood contains twice as many hemoglobin molecules than maternal blooD.
E)Fetal hemoglobin molecules are much larger than maternal hemoglobin molecules.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 30Q 30
What type of contraception is the least effective?
A)RU486
B)the rhythm method
C)condoms
D)birth control pills
E)All of these contraceptive methods are equally effectivE.
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
True False
Q 32Q 32
In humans,nitric oxide is an important gaseous neurotransmitter.Nitric oxide is synthesized by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).What would be a likely effect if a male were missing the gene that codes for one of the NOS isoforms?
A)He would be unable to produce all the liquid components of semen.
B)He would have a low sperm count due to decreased spermatogenesis.
C)He would have high levels of mutation within his mature sperm.
D)He would have difficulty getting and/or sustaining an erection.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 33Q 33
Imagine you are a doctor and you are presented with a female patient who has been unable to get pregnant despite 2 years of trying with the same partner.Rank the following factors from most important (#1)to least important (#4)in your determination of the cause of her apparent infertility.
Free
Short Answer
Q 34Q 34
Across the lifespan of a human female,the number of primary oocytes peaks at the onset of puberty.
Free
True False
Q 35Q 35
Sexually transmitted diseases are a major cause of infertility.Knowing this,what method of birth control would you think is best for reducing infertility rates?
A)diaphragm
B)vasectomy
C)condoms
D)oral contraceptives
E)IUDs
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 36Q 36
Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall is correlated with the degeneration of the corpus luteum.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 38Q 38
What features would enable a doctor to distinguish conclusively between the proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle?
__X__ the ratio of estradiol to progesterone
_____ ratio of FSH to LH
_____ thickened endometrium
_____ loss of the endometrium
Free
Essay
Q 39Q 39
The process by which cells acquire specialized forms and functions is called
A)cell growth.
B)cell elasticity.
C)cell differentiation.
D)cell replication.
E)None of the choices are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 40Q 40
Which of the following represents the proper order of events in embryonic development?
A)fertilization,gastrulation,neurulation,cleavage,organogenesis
B)fertilization,cleavage,gastrulation,organogenesis,neurulation
C)fertilization,cleavage,gastrulation,neurulation,organogenesis
D)fertilization,gastrulation,cleavage,neurulation,organogenesis
E)fertilization,gastrulation,cleavage,organogenesis,neurulation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 41Q 41
What stage of development involves cell division without cell growth?
A)fertilization
B)cleavage
C)neurulation
D)gastrulation
E)organogenesis
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 42Q 42
Which of the following is TRUE of fertilization?
A)It restores the egg to a diploid state.
B)It activates cell division.
C)It is critical to maintaining membrane polarity.
D)It both restores the egg to a diploid state and activates cell division.
E)It both restores the egg to a diploid state and maintains membrane polarity.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 43Q 43
Which event of fertilization occurs first?
A)vitelline layer hardens
B)the entry of sperm DNA into the egg
C)cleavage
D)the acrosomal reaction
E)the cortical reaction
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 44Q 44
Once an egg has been fertilized,what event is crucial for preventing additional sperm from inserting DNA into the egg?
A)the acrosomal reaction
B)the cortical reaction
C)cleavage
D)follicle maturation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
The outcome of cleavage during embryonic development is the production of a
A)blastulA.
B)gastrula.
C)neurula.
D)substantially larger embryo.
E)None of the choices are correct.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
In a frog embryo,gastrulation
A)produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.
B)occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.
C)is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.
D)proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.
E)occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
Which of the following germ layer-structure is mismatched?
A)mesoderm-notochord
B)endoderm-lungs or respiratory tube
C)ectoderm-epidermis
D)mesoderm-digestive tract
E)ectoderm-brain
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 48Q 48
Mesoderm gives rise to
A)epidermis.
B)respiratory tract.
C)digestive tract.
D)skeletal muscle.
E)peripheral nervous system.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
In chordates,which mesoderm structure forms during gastrulation and provides structural rigidity along the dorsal anterioposterior axis of the embryo?
A)archenteron
B)neural tube
C)notochord
D)epidermis
E)intestinal tract
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 50Q 50
Which one of the structures below does NOT develop during neurulation?
A)cells that form pigment
B)the central nervous system
C)the neural crest
D)the archenteron
E)somites
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 51Q 51
The sperm and its DNA enters the egg through simple diffusion through the egg plasma membrane.
Free
True False
Q 52Q 52
The cortical reaction prevents multiple sperm from contributing their chromosomes to the egg.
Free
True False
Free
True False
Q 54Q 54
Stem cells (unspecialized cells)that develop into bone cells have undergone which type of process?
A)involution
B)embryonic development
C)cellular differentiation
D)cellular respiration
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
The specific process by which a caterpillar becomes a butterfly is called
A)epigenesis.
B)cellular differentiation.
C)gastrulation.
D)involution.
E)metamorphosis.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 56Q 56
The central nervous system first forms during
A)fertilization.
B)cleavage.
C)neurulation.
D)gastrulation.
E)organogenesis.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
The cortical reaction causes
A)the vitelline layer to harden.
B)the embryo to embed into the uterus.
C)egg membrane depolarization.
D)the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.
E)follicle maturation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
Cell cleavage during embryonic development in ducks is
A)meroblastic.
B)holoblastic.
C)through the entire egg.
D)impossible.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
Organogenesis
A)involves acrosomal reaction.
B)is the formation of the three germ layers.
C)involves failure of the organs to form.
D)is when tadpoles become frogs.
E)is the longest event of embryonic development.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 60Q 60
Neural crest cells at the dorsal surface of the neural tube
A)form the notochord.
B)form the overlying ectoderm.
C)migrate to many different regions of the body.
D)differentiate into the brain.
E)control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.
Free
Multiple Choice
Free
True False
Free
True False
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True False
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True False
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True False
Q 66Q 66
You are a chemist designing a test to allow women to know when they have ovulated.Choose the best hormone for your test,which will indicate that ovulation has occured when detected at high levels.
A)chorionic gonadotropin
B)estradiol
C)LH
D)progesterone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
One type of illegal doping in sports is the abuse of anabolic steroids such as testosterone.Doctors measure the testosterone (T)to LH ratio in athletes' urine to detect such doping.Why is this an effective indicator?
A)Testosterone upregulates LH,so the doping athlete will have an unusually low T/LH ratio.
B)LH downregulates testosterone,so the doping athlete will have an unusually low T/LH ratio.
C)LH has negative feedback onto testosterone,so the doping athlete will have an unusually high T/LH ratio.
D)Testosterone has negative feedback onto LH production,so the doping athlete will have an unusually high T/LH ratio.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 68Q 68
Many small creatures that live in temporary puddles can reproduce asexually at least occasionally.Why might this be a useful strategy for a puddle-dweller?
A)Puddles are very stable environments,so well adapted creatures should maintain their genes without mixing.
B)A single individual can quickly populate a transient environment.
C)Using asexual reproduction increases genetic variety and thus adaptability.
D)In asexual reproduction,the mother can choose the best of each chromosome to make the ideal haploid individual.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
What would happen if the cortical reaction proceeded before the acrosomal reaction was complete?
A)Fertilization would not occur.
B)This is the normal situation.
C)Multiple sperm would fertilize the egg.
D)Twins may form.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
Imagine a drug that causes an increase in the signaling pathway activated by nitric oxide (NO).What might be the effect of such a drug?
A)increase sperm production
B)initiate ovulation
C)produce an erection
D)downregulate testosterone
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
A mutation in mice leads to overgrowth of the Sertoli cells,so they span across the diameter of the seminiferous tubules.What phenotype would you expect to see?
A)infertility due to lack of mature oocytes
B)overproduction of sperm,so they clog the bulbourethral gland
C)overproduction of testosterone
D)infertility due to lack of mature sperm entering the epididymis
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
A certain drug has a side-effect of disrupting levels of luteinizing hormone (LH).Which patients should be advised that this drug could affect their fertility?
A)Men
B)Women
C)Men and women
D)Neither -- it would only disrupt late fetal development.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 73Q 73
Why don't chickens menstruate?
A)It has been bred out of them.
B)The early embryo receives nutrients from the egg yolk.
C)The corpus luteum of a chicken is much smaller and passes without notice.
D)The eggshell serves the same purpose as the endometrium.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
Under the microscope,you observe the first few cell divisions of an embryo.Instead of dividing the entire ball,the divisions are only separating the top half into smaller and smaller spheres.The bottom half appears to remain as one large cell.What is a likely explanation?
A)It is a bird or fish embryo.
B)A developmental error has occurred.
C)Gastrulation has occurred.
D)The bottom half is the notochorD.
Free
Multiple Choice