Deck 39: Endocrine Systems

Question 1

Sex differences in body growth are mediated by changes in growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor I and

A)thyroid hormone.
B)estradiol and testosterone.
C)prolactin.
D)progesterone.
E)cortisol.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A person who has an increased amount of lipid stored in their adipose tissue should have leptin levels that

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)do not change.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dopamine derived from the hypothalamus is the prominent hormone controlling pituitary prolactin secretion.Dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion.What do you predict would happen if the pituitary were removed from the base of the brain and transplanted to some distant place in the body (for instance on top of the kidney),such that dopamine could no longer regulate prolactin secretion? You can assume that the transplanted pituitary will be exposed to a ready supply of blood vessels.

A)Dopamine secretion would increase.
B)Dopamine secretion would decrease.
C)Prolactin secretion would decrease.
D)Prolactin secretion would increase.
E)Both dopamine and prolactin secretion would decreasE.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Thyroid hormone is to amphibian metamorphosis as this compound is to insect molting.

A)estogen
B)aldosterone
C)ecdysone
D)cortisol
E)butterfly peptide

Question 5

This hormone is secreted from the posterior pituitary and regulates muscle contraction.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)prolactin
C)adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)oxytocin
E)epinephrine

Question 6

Unlike all other amine derived hormones,thyroid hormones

A)bind to membrane receptors to elicit a response.
B)activate second messengers via binding to a membrane receptor.
C)are derived from cholesterol.
D)are produced by the gonads.
E)bind to intracellular receptors rather than to membrane-bound receptors to elicit a responsE.

Question 7

Predict what would occur if the amount of sodium suddenly increases in the blood.

A)Blood osmolarity would increase.
B)Blood aldosterone levels would decline.
C)Blood antidiuretic hormone would decline.
D)Both blood osmolarity would increase and aldosterone levels would decline.
E)Both blood osmolarity would increase and antidiuretic hormone levels would declinE.

Question 8

What can be said about peptide hormones?

A)They are generally water-soluble.
B)They bind membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.
C)They bind intracellular receptors to elicit a response on target cells.
D)They are water-soluble and bind membrane receptors to elicit a response on target cells.
E)They are lipid solublE.

Question 9

Which of these hormone-effect pairs is mismatched?

A)growth hormone-linear growth
B)glucagon-blood pressure
C)aldosterone-blood osmolality
D)thyroid hormone-metabolism
E)glucagon-glucose regulation

Question 10

Often it is important for health reasons to induce labor (i.e. ,smooth muscle contractions)in pregnant women.The drugs used for this purpose would most closely resemble

A)arginine vasotocin.
B)oxytocin.
C)antidiuretic hormone.
D)prolactin.
E)cortisol.

Question 11

Parathyroid hormone's main function is to

A)increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting.
B)increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone.
C)increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney.
D)increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth.
E)synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions.

Question 12

What hormone regulates milk production in mammals?

A)growth hormone
B)prolactin
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone
D)adrenocorticotropic hormone
E)luteinizing hormone

Question 13

An endocrine gland is

A)required for remodeling bone.
B)the site at which hormones are produced and released into the blood.
C)where neuronal signals are generated.
D)restricted to the production of growth factors.

Question 14

This is a water-soluble hormone derived from the nervous system that regulates blood volume and blood pressure.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)cortisol
D)oxytocin
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

An amine hormone important in the fight-or-flight response in vertebrates is

A)dopamine.
B)melatonin.
C)cortisol.
D)epinephrine.
E)serotonin.

Question 16

To mobilize more glucose during fasting,

A)only cortisol will increase.
B)only epinephrine will increase.
C)only glucagon will increase.
D)only glucagon and cortisol will increase.
E)cortisol,epinephrine,and glucagon will all increasE.

Question 17

A problem with the action or production of this substance leads to both type I and type II diabetes mellitus.

A)glucagon
B)growth hormone
C)thyroid hormone
D)insulin
E)cortisol

Question 18

Insulin-like growth factor I is produced in response to

A)growth hormone.
B)cortisol.
C)prolactin.
D)adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone.
E)thyroid hormonE.

Question 19

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates

A)follicle-stimulating hormone.
B)luteinizing hormone.
C)steroid production by the gonads.
D)both follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones.
E)both follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones as well as steroid production by the gonads.

Question 20

Which of these gland-hormone pairs is mismatched?

A)pancreas-insulin
B)anterior pituitary-growth hormone
C)thyroid-thyroid hormone
D)adrenal-parathyroid hormone
E)ovaries-progesterone

Question 21

Metamorphosis in tadpoles is controlled by growth hormone.

Question 22

Estradiol is a potent stimulator of vitellogenesis (yolk production)in egg-laying vertebrates.Increasing evidence suggests that many pollutants,for instance those derived from pulp mills,may mimic the actions of estradiol.If one were to place a sexually immature fish in water containing pulp mill effluents,what might you expect would occur?

A)The rate of vitellogenesis would decline.
B)The rate of vitellogenesis would increase.
C)The fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.
D)The rate of vitellogenesis would decline and the fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.
E)The rate of vitellogenesis would increase and the fish might reach sexual maturity sooner.

Question 23

This hormone does not play a role in the female reproductive system.

A)estradiol
B)progesterone
C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D)follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones
E)insulin

Question 24

A physician has a young man as a patient who does not seem to be developing male secondary sex characteristics.Predict which hormone the physician could prescribe to help this issue.

A)estradiol
B)progesterone
C)testosterone
D)cortisol
E)growth hormone

Question 25

An explanation for why an individual that is incapable of generating the fight or flight response would be abnormal function of this gland.

A)thyroid gland
B)adrenal gland
C)gonad
D)heart
E)pituitary gland

Question 26

Your physician has requested a test that involves radioactive iodine.This material will be injected and monitored to watch for normal rates of uptake.Test results reveal that the rate of uptake is abnormal.Which hormone would you predict to be outside of a homeostatic range?

A)cortisol
B)growth hormone
C)insulin
D)thyroid hormone
E)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 27

Arginine vasotocin is present in non-mammalian vertebrates and shares structural and functional properties with mammalian antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.Through these similarities it has been suggested that arginine vasotocin could be the ancestral precursor to the posterior pituitary hormone in vertebrates.

Question 28

The nervous system integrates with the endocrine system to control hormone secretion.

Question 29

Which hormones counteract each other in regulating calcium homeostasis?

A)antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
B)atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone
C)parathyroid hormone and vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D)
D)antidiuretic hormone and parathyroid hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone and vitamin D (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D)

Question 30

Imagine that your pancreatic function has been compromised.This has lead to your inability to maintain your blood glucose levels.Predict which two hormones your physician would administer to return you to homeostatic glucose levels.

A)insulin and glucagon
B)epinephrine and glucagon
C)epinephrine and insulin
D)cortisol and glucagon
E)cortisol and insulin

Question 31

A growth-hormone releasing hormone tumor in the brain could lead to stunted growth in children.

Question 32

In a mammal that you are studying,blood sodium levels are decreasing sharply.To correct this problem,which hormone might you try to administer?

A)cortisol
B)aldosterone
C)estrogen
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)testosterone

Question 33

Juvenile hormone is a critical growth regulatory and maturity hormone in people.

Question 34

After you eat lunch,as the nutrients in your food are released in the digestive process eventually make their way into the blood.The rising nutrient levels quickly level the normal homeostatic range.Normally,a hormone would be released at this time to regulate these nutrients.Imagine that in your case,that return to homeostatic levels does not occur.What hormone would you need to receive to return to return to normal blood levels?

A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)cortisol
D)epinephrine
E)growth hormone

Question 35

Often one is not acclimated to the cold after having moved from a warm to cooler climate.Similarly,individuals may have difficulty adjusting to the heat after having moved from a cold to warm region.This difficulty in acclimating to different temperatures most likely requires adjustments in thyroid gland activity.

Question 36

Insulin's affect on reducing blood glucose levels are counteracted by glucagon's actions,which increase blood glucose.

Question 37

You are currently studying the behavior and physiology of a vertebrate about which little is known.Based on what you know about other vertebrates,what would you predict would be the state of this animal when it was not in the fight or flight state.

A)Energy stores such as adipose tissue and glycogen are broken down to mobilize fatty acids and glucose.
B)The heart rate increases and airways are dilated to promote maximum oxygen intake.
C)Elevations in cortisol are needed to increase glucose.
D)Catabolic hormones are activateD.
E)Leptin levels are increased to enhance appetitE.

Question 38

The use of androgens by athletes can cause the testes to shrink.

Question 39

Vitamin D is a hormone produced in part by exposure to sunlight.