Question 1

Rozin's research in which he presented apple juice that had been contaminated with a dead cockroach (although the roach was removed) to children and adults reveals that ____.
A) disgust is an innate emotion with little learning required
B) disgust is at least partially a learned emotion
C) disgust is innate for females, but learned for males
D) disgust is innate for males, but learned for females

Accepted Answer

Rozin's research suggests that disgust is at least partially a learned emotion, as the apple juice still elicited disgust even though the roach had been removed. This implies that disgust is not solely an innate response, but can be influenced by past experiences and learned associations.

Question 2

Research shows that there is often a strong association between feeling negative emotions and overeating. However, this association does NOT occur ____.
A) among people with binge eating disorders
B) among people who regularly binge eat (regardless of whether or not people have a binge eating disorder)
C) unless people are overweight or obese
D) unless people believe that eating will make them feel better

Accepted Answer

The association between negative emotions and overeating typically occurs when individuals believe that eating will improve their mood, as it is this belief that often drives the behavior.

Question 3

When Jack Whittaker won over $300 million in a Powerball jackpot, many people thought his life would be transformed for the better. Within a few years, he was divorced, had lost his granddaughter to a drug overdose, was robbed outside a strip club, had lawsuits brought against him for sexual harassment, and encountered numerous other well-publicized problems. Based on the idea of the hedonic treadmill, how would you interpret this?
A) Whittaker's life had been plagued with problems before his win and, after a period of positive events, it simply returned to its usual state.
B) Whittaker was surrounded by negative people who, as a result of his win, tried to derail his happiness.
C) Whittaker was only happy when his life was chaotic, so he deliberately sabotaged his own good fortune.
D) Whittaker was very happy prior to the lottery win and, when winning did not make him even happier, he became depressed.

Accepted Answer

The hedonic treadmill suggests that people quickly adapt to new levels of happiness and eventually return to their baseline level of well-being. Despite winning the lottery, Whittaker's life was still plagued with problems that possibly brought him back to his baseline level of well-being.

Question 4

Suppose that, at your 60ᵗʰ high school reunion, you gather together the senior portraits and relate your classmates' facial expressions to their mortality rates. Based on the study of baseball players, what would you expect to find? 
A) Facial expressions in the portraits were unrelated to mortality rates.
B) Students with big smiles and those with half smiles lived longer than those who did not smile at all, but those with big and half smiles had similar lifespans. 
C) Students who frowned had very short lifespans while those who smiled even a little had average life spans. 
D) Students with big smiles had the longest lifespans, followed by those with partial smiles, and then by those with no smiles.

Accepted Answer

Research on the "smile intensity" of baseball players found that those with the biggest smiles lived longer than those with partial or no smiles. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect a similar pattern in the senior portraits of high school classmates. Hence, option D is the best choice.

Question 5

One of the best things to do if you want to feel good and avoid emotional distress is to ____.
A) form and maintain good social relationships with others
B) limit your social contact with others
C) have high affective intensity
D) have low affective intensity

Accepted Answer

Forming and maintaining good social relationships with others is crucial for emotional well-being. Humans are social beings and having strong relationships with others can provide a sense of support, belongingness, and happiness. On the other hand, limiting social contact with others can lead to social isolation and loneliness, which have negative consequences on mental health. High affective intensity can be overwhelming and lead to emotional distress, while low affective intensity can result in feeling numb and detached from emotions. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 6

Research on the relationship between emotional experiences suggests that ____.
A) staying as happy as possible as much as possible, even when faced with problems, improves physical and mental health
B) trying to be in the middle range most of the time, not too happy and not too sad, is best for health
C) experiencing a variety and abundance of emotions is associated with better physical and mental health
D) trying to control your emotions is more likely to harm your health than is just experiencing them

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that experiencing a variety of emotions, both positive and negative, is associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Trying to suppress or control emotions can actually be harmful to health. Being too happy all the time may also be unrealistic and potentially unhealthy, as it may involve denying or suppressing negative emotions. Finding a balance between experiencing a range of emotions and not getting stuck in any particular emotional state is likely the most beneficial approach.

Question 7

For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?
A) Only adults with binge eating disorders
B) Both adults with binge eating disorders and adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
C) Only adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
D) Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders), and adults who do not binge eat

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which group(s) is there a strong...

Question 8

Disgust has been shown to promote handwashing, avoidance of sex with risky partners, and other health-promoting behaviors. As such, disgust has been called our ___.
A) behavioral immune system
B) physiological immune system
C) catharsis mechanism
D) affect regulation system

Accepted Answer

Disgust is part of our behavioral immune system, which helps protect us from potential pathogens and disease. It triggers behaviors like handwashing and avoidance of potentially infectious situations. The other answer choices don't accurately describe the role of disgust in promoting health behaviors.

Question 9

Positive emotions tend to be associated with ____.
A) challenging life events
B) low emotional intelligence
C) forming a social bond with someone else
D) breaking a social bond with someone else

Accepted Answer

Positive emotions, such as joy and happiness, are often associated with positive social interactions and forming social bonds with others. This can include spending time with friends and loved ones, sharing experiences, and feeling connected to others.

Question 10

According to the text, emotions tend-on the whole-to ____.
A) promote strong interpersonal relationships
B) have a detrimental impact on interpersonal relationships
C) "test" relationships, so that only the most committed relationships last
D) be helpful in promoting communication within close relationships, but be detrimental to formal relationships and acquaintanceships (e.g., work relationships)

Accepted Answer

The text states that emotions "help build and sustain strong interpersonal relationships" (paragraph 1).

Question 11

Who is likely to have the strongest disgust reactions?
A) James, a 35-year-old man
B) Susan, a 35-year-old woman
C) Leah, a 3-year-old girl
D) Max, a 3-year-old boy

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that women generally have stronger disgust reactions than men, possibly due to evolutionary factors related to disease avoidance and reproductive health.

Question 12

Anger's unique motivational properties are believed to be due to its ____.
A) variations in intensity
B) association with aggression
C) suppression by society
D) negative impact on survival

Accepted Answer

Anger is associated with aggression, making it a powerful motivator for individual action. This can be particularly useful in situations where assertiveness or confrontation are necessary for self-preservation or goal achievement.

Question 13

Washing one's hands is thought to most influence which of the following emotions?
A) Contempt
B) Sadness
C) Guilt
D) Anger

Accepted Answer

Washing one's hands is commonly associated with a feeling of cleanliness and purity. It is often used as a symbolic act in religious and cultural ceremonies to signify purification, forgiveness, and removal of guilt. Therefore, washing one's hands is thought to most influence the emotion of guilt.

Question 14

The essence of most guilt-inducing strategies is ____.
A) "I am in the right here, can't you see that?"
B) "See how you are hurting me?"
C) "You are a bad person."
D) "I understand how you feel."

Accepted Answer

Guilt-inducing strategies usually involve making the other person feel responsible for causing harm or hurt to the person using the strategy, as in "See how you are hurting me?" or "You don't care about how your actions affect others." This can create a sense of guilt or obligation in the other person to try to appease or please the person using the strategy. Option A and C involve blaming or shaming the other person rather than inducing guilt, while option D involves empathy and understanding rather than trying to make the other person feel guilty.

Question 15

Anger is to ____ as disgust is to ____.
A) approach; avoid
B) avoid; approach
C) guilt; shame
D) happy; joy

Accepted Answer

Anger is often associated with a desire to approach and confront the source of one's anger, whereas disgust is often associated with a desire to avoid and distance oneself from the object or situation that is causing the disgust.

Question 16

Judgments about the moral virtue of ____ are most associated with the emotion of disgust.
A) purity
B) fairness
C) kindness
D) love

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that judgments about the moral virtue of purity, such as sexual purity or cleanliness, are most strongly associated with the emotion of disgust. This is because disgust evolved as a way to avoid potentially harmful substances or behaviors, including those that could lead to disease or contamination. In this way, judgments about purity often carry a strong emotional charge that can influence moral decision-making.

Question 17

When the life events are of moderate intensity, in general, people "get over" ____ and return to their typical pre-event level of happiness.
A) positive life events and negative life events in about the same amount of time
B) positive life events faster than negative life events
C) negative life events faster than positive life events
D) negative but not positive life events

Accepted Answer

People tend to recover from positive life events faster than negative life events.

Question 18

During economic recessions, when large corporations must lay off many workers, those who retain their jobs sometimes feel ____. They think: "That's not really fair. I don't necessarily deserve to keep my job when so many other great workers are now unemployed. I shouldn't really still be here either..."
A) schadenfreude
B) survivor guilt
C) shame
D) catharsis

Accepted Answer

Survivor guilt is a common feeling among individuals who have kept their jobs during mass layoffs or economic downturns. They may feel guilty about their job security and wonder if they truly deserved to keep their jobs while others were let go. This can lead to a sense of unease, anxiety, or even depression. Schadenfreude refers to feeling pleasure in the misfortune of others, which is not applicable in this scenario. Shame and catharsis are not accurate descriptions of the feeling being described.

Question 19

The degree to which a person experiences the variety and relative abundance of human emotions is referred to as ____.
A) emovariability
B) emorange
C) emodiversity
D) emoflexibility

Accepted Answer

"Emodiversity" refers to the degree of variety and abundance of human emotions that a person experiences. This term has been used in research to study the relationship between emotional diversity and well-being. Option A ("emovariability") and Option B ("emorange") are not terms commonly used in the field of psychology. Option D ("emoflexibility") may be related to emotional regulation, but it does not capture the concept of the variety and abundance of emotions experienced.

Question 20

Research on anger indicates that it ____.
A) is almost invariably associated with avoidance
B) is no different from other negative emotions
C) rarely provides any motivational force to change
D) can be a powerful motivator for confrontation

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that anger can be a powerful motivator for confrontation, making individuals more likely to take action to change a situation that is causing them anger or frustration. This can be advantageous in some situations, such as when standing up to injustice or taking steps to improve a difficult relationship or work environment.

Quiz 6: Emotion and Affect

Rozin's research in which he presented apple juice that had been contaminated with a dead cockroach (although the roach was removed) to children and adults reveals that ____.

Research shows that there is often a strong association between feeling negative emotions and overeating. However, this association does NOT occur ____.

Suppose that, at your 60ᵗʰ high school reunion, you gather together the senior portraits and relate your classmates' facial expressions to their mortality rates. Based on the study of baseball players, what would you expect to find?

One of the best things to do if you want to feel good and avoid emotional distress is to ____.

Research on the relationship between emotional experiences suggests that ____.

For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?

Disgust has been shown to promote handwashing, avoidance of sex with risky partners, and other health-promoting behaviors. As such, disgust has been called our ___.

Positive emotions tend to be associated with ____.

According to the text, emotions tend-on the whole-to ____.

Who is likely to have the strongest disgust reactions?

Anger's unique motivational properties are believed to be due to its ____.

Washing one's hands is thought to most influence which of the following emotions?

The essence of most guilt-inducing strategies is ____.

Anger is to as disgust is to .

Judgments about the moral virtue of ____ are most associated with the emotion of disgust.

When the life events are of moderate intensity, in general, people "get over" ____ and return to their typical pre-event level of happiness.

The degree to which a person experiences the variety and relative abundance of human emotions is referred to as ____.

Research on anger indicates that it ____.