Question 1

Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) conducted a study in which ____ affected decisions about buying and selling.
A) emotions caused by the consequences of financial decisions in the study
B) emotions leftover from a previous event
C) happiness and sadness
D) guilt and shame

Accepted Answer

The study by Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) focused on how emotions leftover from a previous event, known as incidental emotions, can influence economic decisions such as buying and selling.

Question 2

When people are asked to predict how they would feel if a certain event occurred, they are ____ at predicting which emotion they would feel. Research additionally shows that people are ____ at predicting how long they would be emotionally affected.
A) usually inaccurate; usually inaccurate
B) usually inaccurate nevertheless fairly accurate
C) fairly accurate; also fairly accurate
D) fairly accurate; nevertheless rather inaccurate

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people are fairly accurate at predicting which emotion they would feel but rather inaccurate at predicting how long they would be emotionally affected.

Question 3

According to the ____ hypothesis, people tend to evaluate things as good or bad in part by asking themselves: "How do I feel about it?"
A) affective forecasting
B) affect balance
C) affect-as-information
D) emotional intelligence (EQ)

Accepted Answer

The affect-as-information hypothesis suggests that people use their emotions to evaluate things by asking themselves how they feel about it. They use their emotions as a source of information to guide their judgment and decision-making. This can be seen in situations where people may evaluate a product or service based on how happy or satisfied it makes them feel, rather than relying on more objective criteria.

Question 4

Sadness is likely to ____.
A) make one have a lower selling price for an object
B) make one have a higher selling price for an object
C) decrease what one is willing to pay for an object
D) both make one have a higher selling price and willing to pay more to purchase an object

Accepted Answer

Sadness can lead to a lower selling price for an object because it often results in a desire to change one's circumstances, which can include selling possessions at a lower price to facilitate change.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is an example of a person engaging in affective forecasting?
A) "The reason that he dropped out of school was because he felt insecure and incompetent."
B) "If he ever betrayed me, I would be so depressed I would never recover."
C) "If I hadn't gotten reprimanded by my boss that one time, I never would have hated my job as much as I did."
D) "If I had only trusted him and not said anything, we wouldn't have gotten into that stupid argument."

Accepted Answer

Affective forecasting is the ability to predict how one will feel in response to a future event. Option B is an example of affective forecasting because the person is predicting how they would feel if a certain event were to occur (being betrayed). The other options do not involve predicting future emotions.

Question 6

Which of the following emotions has been referred to as "the shadow of intelligence"?
A) Fear
B) Guilt
C) Anxiety
D) Anger

Accepted Answer

Anxiety has been referred to as "the shadow of intelligence" because it is thought to reflect a person's awareness and understanding of potential threats or challenges, indicating a level of cognitive processing and foresight.

Question 7

Suppose that it is Friday night, that Xavier and her friends have been out at a party, and that they are now heading home. Suppose also that Xavier has had a little bit to drink, but not a lot. Is it safe for her to drive home or should she call a cab instead? How will she decide what to do? According to the risk-as-feelings hypothesis, ____.
A) her current mood will influence her assessment of risk (e.g., if she is in a relatively good mood, she will see relatively little danger in driving)
B) she will consult her friends and see what their feelings are about the issue
C) she will consider the worst possible scenario, and then simply make a decision based on her gut
D) she will recall the last time that she was in this situation, what she did, and how she felt about it. She will then let that recollection guide her decision

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that it is Friday night, that...

Question 8

Research on affective forecasting suggests that, when people are asked to predict how they would feel if they lost their jobs, they ____.
A) are fairly accurate at predicting both how they will feel and how long they will feel that way
B) are fairly accurate at predicting how they will feel, but tend to overestimate how long they will feel that way
C) are fairly accurate at predicting how they will feel, but tend to underestimate how long they will feel that way
D) are not very accurate at predicting how they will feel or how long they will feel that way

Accepted Answer

Research on affective forecasting suggests that people are fairly accurate at predicting how they will feel if they lost their jobs, but tend to overestimate how long they will feel that way. This is known as the impact bias, where people overestimate the intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events.

Question 9

What term is concerned with people's ability to predict their emotional reactions to future events?
A) emotional intelligence (EQ)
B) affective forecasting
C) affect-as-information
D) hedonic treadmill

Accepted Answer

Affective forecasting is concerned with people's ability to predict their emotional reactions to future events. Emotional intelligence (EQ) refers to the ability to perceive and regulate one's own emotions and the emotions of others. Affect-as-information refers to the idea that people use their current emotional state as a source of information when making judgments or decisions. The hedonic treadmill refers to the theory that people's happiness levels tend to return to a baseline after positive or negative events.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about emotions and learning is most accurate?
A) Emotions are not rational and impede the learning process.
B) Emotions distract one from engaging in analysis.
C) Emotions focus your attention on the wrong features of the learning situation.
D) Emotions provide feedback that helps you learn from your mistakes.

Accepted Answer

Emotions provide feedback that helps you learn from your mistakes. Studies have shown that emotions can enhance learning by helping to encode information in the brain and improving memory consolidation. Positive emotions can also improve motivation and engagement in the learning process. Negative emotions, such as frustration, can provide feedback and signal a need to change approach or seek assistance. Therefore, emotions are valuable in the learning process, rather than being a hindrance.

Question 11

Even though Amanda just met Diego two minutes ago, she has a good feeling about him right off the bat. According to the ____ hypothesis, it is therefore likely that Amanda will also decide within minutes that Diego is a good person.
A) affective forecasting
B) affect balance
C) affect-as-information
D) emotional intelligence (EQ)

Accepted Answer

The affect-as-information hypothesis suggests that people use their current emotional state as information to evaluate a target or situation. Amanda's positive feeling about Diego might color her overall impression and lead her to view him more positively overall.

Question 12

What is most accurate about the emotion of anxiety?
A) Anxiety is highly correlated with IQ.
B) Humans are the only animals who experience anxiety.
C) Anxiety motivates people to plan ahead and avoid risks.
D) Anxiety tends to interfere with smart, healthy decision-making.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety can serve as a motivating factor that encourages individuals to plan ahead and avoid potential risks, helping them to prepare for future challenges.

Question 13

When asked to predict their emotional reaction to being paralyzed in a car accident, most people know that they would be upset, but tend to overestimate for how long they would be upset. Research suggests that this error may occur because ____.
A) when imagining this, people focus too much attention on the possible paralysis, and do not consider other (happy) events that will happen in their lives
B) bad is stronger than good
C) of the affect-as-information effect
D) people do not take catharsis into account

Accepted Answer

People tend to focus on the negative event (paralysis) and overlook other positive aspects of life that will continue to bring happiness, leading to an overestimation of the duration of their negative emotions.

Question 14

Bechara et al. (1997) conducted a study in which they allowed participants to draw from various decks of cards. For some decks, the cards generally signaled a "win" of a small amount of money. Other decks dealt with larger amounts but you could win or lose money. In this study, the people who lacked emotion tended to ____.
A) choose only from the decks with larger sums
B) choose only from the decks with small wins
C) go back to the same deck over and over
D) behave similarly to those who were capable of emotion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bechara et al. (1997) conducted a study...

Question 15

The emotion of disgust is most likely to make you willing to ____.
A) pay more for an object
B) pay less for an object
C) lower a selling price for an object
D) pay less for an object, and also sell an object for less as well

Accepted Answer

Disgust is associated with a desire to expel or get rid of objects, leading to both paying less for an object and selling it for less.

Question 16

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that ____.
A) people rely on emotions to evaluate risk
B) people tend to disregard emotions when evaluating risk
C) risky situations are more emotion-arousing than non-risky situations
D) most people experience a distinct positive emotion when engaging in risky behavior

Accepted Answer

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that people rely on emotions to evaluate risk.

Question 17

What theme is supported by the fact that children learn to conceal their emotions as they grow up?
A) "The bad is greater than the good."
B) "There are always tradeoffs."
C) "Nature says go, culture says stop."
D) "Inner processes serve interpersonal relations."

Accepted Answer

The fact that children learn to conceal their emotions as they grow up supports the theme of "Nature says go, culture says stop." This suggests that while children naturally express their emotions, they are socialized to suppress these emotions in accordance with cultural expectations.

Question 18

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis suggests that ____.
A) when evaluating risk, people tend to focus on the safe features of a situation (rather than the unsafe features)
B) when evaluating risk, people completely disregard the probabilities of safe or unsafe outcomes actually occurring
C) people's judgments about risk are overly conscious (with not enough attention paid to automatic assessments)
D) people's judgments about risk are overly emotional (with undue attention paid to gut reactions)

Accepted Answer

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis suggests that people's judgments about risk are overly emotional, with undue attention paid to gut reactions. This hypothesis suggests that emotions play a significant role in people's evaluations of risk, and can override more rational assessments based on probabilities or statistics.

Question 19

According to the text, emotions do all of the following on a consistent basis EXCEPT ____.
A) increase helping behavior
B) help people learn from their mistakes
C) influence thinking and actions
D) promote communication

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, emotions do all...

Question 20

Suppose that you get a creepy feeling every time you ride the bus at night. Even if you have never heard about anything scary happening on the bus at night, you might end up using this feeling to form a judgment that riding the bus at night is a bad thing. Forming a judgment in such a way would be consistent with ____.
A) the idea of affective forecasting
B) the idea of affect balance
C) the affect-as-information hypothesis
D) having high emotional intelligence (EQ)

Accepted Answer

The affect-as-information hypothesis suggests that people use their current emotional state as information to make judgments and decisions, even if the emotion is not directly related to the decision at hand.

Quiz 6: Emotion and Affect

Lerner, Small, and Loewenstein (2004) conducted a study in which ____ affected decisions about buying and selling.

When people are asked to predict how they would feel if a certain event occurred, they are at predicting which emotion they would feel. Research additionally shows that people are at predicting how long they would be emotionally affected.

According to the ____ hypothesis, people tend to evaluate things as good or bad in part by asking themselves: "How do I feel about it?"

Sadness is likely to ____.

Which of the following statements is an example of a person engaging in affective forecasting?

Which of the following emotions has been referred to as "the shadow of intelligence"?

Research on affective forecasting suggests that, when people are asked to predict how they would feel if they lost their jobs, they ____.

What term is concerned with people's ability to predict their emotional reactions to future events?

Which of the following statements about emotions and learning is most accurate?

Even though Amanda just met Diego two minutes ago, she has a good feeling about him right off the bat. According to the ____ hypothesis, it is therefore likely that Amanda will also decide within minutes that Diego is a good person.

What is most accurate about the emotion of anxiety?

When asked to predict their emotional reaction to being paralyzed in a car accident, most people know that they would be upset, but tend to overestimate for how long they would be upset. Research suggests that this error may occur because ____.

The emotion of disgust is most likely to make you willing to ____.

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that ____.

What theme is supported by the fact that children learn to conceal their emotions as they grow up?

The risk-as-feelings hypothesis suggests that ____.

According to the text, emotions do all of the following on a consistent basis EXCEPT ____.