Question 1

A lockout is a work stoppage initiated by workers when they see that the company will not agree to their demands.

Accepted Answer

A lockout is actually initiated by the employer or company, not the workers. It is a tactic used by employers to put pressure on workers to accept their demands by preventing them from entering the workplace and therefore not allowing them to work or receive pay.

Question 2

Jeff Riddle is a member of his union's collective bargaining team,and Sharon Banion is on the management's bargaining team.As part of the negotiating process,Jeff and Sharon are working together to find ways to provide workers with more flexible work schedules and improve worker productivity.They hope to combine these two goals to create a win-win solution that can be incorporated into the new labour contract.This approach suggests that the two sides are using a tactic known as distributive bargaining.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the prompt suggests that Jeff and Sharon are not using distributive bargaining, but rather integrative bargaining. Distributive bargaining is a competitive approach to negotiating in which one party tries to gain more at the expense of the other party. In contrast, integrative bargaining seeks to create mutually beneficial solutions that satisfy the interests of both parties. So, the correct answer is B.

Question 3

A labour union is a group of workers who have organized to work together to achieve common job-related goals,such as higher wages,better working conditions,and greater job security.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the definition of a labour union.

Question 4

Under a union shop arrangement,an employer agrees only to hire workers who already belong to a union.

Accepted Answer

A union shop arrangement allows the employer to hire non-union workers, but these workers must join the union within a certain period after being hired.

Question 5

Arbitration is a process in which a neutral third party has the authority to resolve a dispute by rendering a binding decision.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct definition of arbitration.

Question 6

An open shop is an employment arrangement in which a firm can hire nonunion workers,but these workers must join the union within a specified time period to keep their jobs.

Accepted Answer

An open shop is an employment arrangement in which a firm can hire nonunion workers, and these workers are not required to join the union.

Question 7

After a period of decline from the early 1980s through the mid-1990s,union membership in the private sector has grown significantly since the late 1990s.

Accepted Answer

There has been a decline in union membership in the private sector since the early 1980s through the mid-1990s and there has been minimal growth since the late 1990s.

Question 8

A craft union consists of workers who possess the same skill or are in the same profession.

Accepted Answer

A craft union is a type of union in which the members are skilled workers or professionals in the same field. They focus on protecting the rights and interests of their specific trade or craft.

Question 9

In recent years,many Canadian employers have become increasingly aggressive in their use of antiunion tactics.

Accepted Answer

Many Canadian employers have been known to use antiunion tactics such as intimidation, harassment, and even firing employees who attempt to unionize or advocate for workers' rights.

Question 10

Distributive bargaining is the traditional adversarial approach to collective bargaining.

Accepted Answer

Distributive bargaining is commonly known as the "win-lose" approach where the goal is to maximize one's own gain while minimizing the other party's gain.

Question 11

In interest-based collective bargaining,the two sides explore the issues in depth and work together to find mutually acceptable solutions with a goal of creating a "win-win" outcome.

Accepted Answer

In interest-based collective bargaining, both sides work together to find mutually acceptable solutions, with the goal of achieving a "win-win" outcome. This approach is in contrast to positional bargaining, where each side takes a fixed position and tries to negotiate from there.

Question 12

Union workers tend to earn higher wages and receive better benefits than nonunion workers performing similar jobs.

Accepted Answer

This statement is generally true. Union workers often have the bargaining power to negotiate for higher wages and better benefits than nonunion workers who lack this collective bargaining power. However, there may be individual cases where nonunion workers earn higher wages and/or have better benefits than union workers.

Question 13

Union members are most likely to become involved in union activities through their local union.

Accepted Answer

According to research, local union involvement is the most common entry point for union members to become involved in union activities.

Question 14

Under a closed shop arrangement,unions are not permitted,and an employer can fire any workers who attempt to organize or join a union.

Accepted Answer

Under a closed shop arrangement, unions are actually required and all employees must be a member of the union in order to work. It is the open shop arrangement where unions are not required and employees can choose whether or not to join or support a union. Additionally, it is illegal for employers to terminate employees for attempting to organize or join a union under the National Labor Relations Act.

Question 15

The Major League Baseball Players' and the National Football League Players' associations are both examples of industrial unions.

Accepted Answer

The Major League Baseball Players' and the National Football League Players' associations are examples of labor unions, but they are specifically sports unions or professional associations, not industrial unions. Industrial unions represent all workers, skilled and unskilled, in a particular industry.

Question 16

Although they help organize new local unions and provide locals with leadership training,national unions generally take a "hands-off" approach when it comes to the actual process of negotiating a labour contract.

Accepted Answer

National unions do not take a "hands-off" approach when it comes to negotiating a contract. They often provide guidance and support during the negotiation process.

Question 17

As a labour tactic,a boycott occurs when a union and its supporters refuse to do business with an employer during a labour dispute.

Accepted Answer

A boycott is a common labour tactic where a union and its supporters refuse to do business with an employer during a labour dispute.

Question 18

Frank Meadows has never been a member of a union.However,the company that hired him operates under a union shop arrangement,and Frank's job is one covered under the union contract.Frank will have to join the union within a specified time period if he wants to keep his job.

Accepted Answer

In a union shop arrangement, all employees covered by the union contract are required to join the union within a specified time period, even if they were not previously members. Therefore, Frank Meadows will have to join the union if he wants to keep his job.

Question 19

The first step in most grievance procedures is to hire an arbitrator to organize and oversee the grievance process.

Accepted Answer

The first step in most grievance procedures is usually for the employee to bring the grievance to their immediate supervisor or management. An arbitrator may be brought in later if the issue cannot be resolved internally.

Question 20

Picketing is a legal union tactic during a labour dispute as long as it is peaceful and the picketers don't prevent people who don't support the union's position from entering the business.

Accepted Answer

Picketing is a legal form of protest as long as it does not involve violence, threats or coercion. It is protected as free speech under the First Amendment of the US Constitution. However, picketers cannot block access to a business or intimidate non-striking workers or customers. This is considered unlawful and can result in legal action.

Quiz 18: Labour-Management Relations