Question 1

Sedatives are best defined as
A) psychoactive substances that have a calming effect on the central nervous system.
B) psychoactive substances that cause the depression of central nervous system activity.
C) medicines used in the treatment of alcoholism that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and cause severe physical reactions when combined with alcohol.
D) medicines used in the treatment of alcoholism that work by modulating glutamate receptors and other reactions within the cell.

Accepted Answer

Sedatives are substances that have a calming effect on the central nervous system. They help to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Examples of sedatives include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and certain antihistamines.

Question 2

Which of the following terms is used to describe substances that are used as sleep medications?
A) Anxiolytics
B) Hallucinogens
C) Hypnotics
D) Endorphins

Accepted Answer

Hypnotics are substances used to induce sleep, whereas anxiolytics are used to reduce anxiety, hallucinogens produce hallucinations, and endorphins are natural pain-relieving substances.

Question 3

Caffeine withdrawal can result in all of the following symptoms EXCEPT
A) headaches.
B) irritability.
C) insomnia.
D) fatigue.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine withdrawal typically leads to symptoms like headaches, irritability, and fatigue due to the body's adjustment to the absence of caffeine. Insomnia, however, is more commonly a symptom of caffeine consumption rather than withdrawal, as caffeine is a stimulant that can disrupt sleep patterns.

Question 4

_____ is the psychoactive substance found in cigarettes.
A) Dopamine
B) Nicotine
C) Histamine
D) Mescaline

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is the psychoactive substance found in cigarettes, which is responsible for the addiction and other effects on the body. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates pleasure and reward in the brain, histamine is involved in the immune response and allergy symptoms, and mescaline is a hallucinogenic substance found in certain cacti.

Question 5

When nicotine enters the bloodstream, it stimulates the release of adrenaline (norepinephrine), which activates the autonomic nervous system and
A) decreases blood pressure.
B) decreases dopamine levels.
C) increases thiamine levels.
D) increases respiration.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine stimulates the release of adrenaline, which activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. Thus, nicotine would increase respiration, not decrease blood pressure, dopamine levels, or increase thiamine levels. Therefore, the best choice is (D) increases respiration.

Question 6

Inhalants are best defined as
A) a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors.
B) a psychoactive substance found in cigarettes.
C) a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction.
D) a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

Accepted Answer

Inhalants are substances that can be inhaled to produce psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. Examples of inhalants include solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites.

Question 7

The synthetic opioid that blocks the effects of heroin by binding to the same receptor sites in the central nervous system is
A) peyote.
B) cocaine.
C) psilocybin.
D) methadone.

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that binds to the same receptor sites in the central nervous system as heroin, but it blocks the effects of heroin. It is often used as a medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction. Peyote, cocaine, and psilocybin are not opioids and do not have the same mechanism of action as methadone.

Question 8

Judith is fighting her heroin addiction. Her physician prescribes her a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction. Identify this drug.
A) Methadone
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Nicotine

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that is commonly used to treat heroin addiction as it produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin. Marijuana, cocaine, and nicotine are not typically used in the treatment of heroin addiction.

Question 9

Which of the following is used in the treatment of heroin addiction?
A) Zolpidem
B) Benzodiazepine
C) Disulfiram
D) Buprenorphine

Accepted Answer

Buprenorphine is a medication commonly used in medication-assisted treatment for heroin addiction. It helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, allowing individuals to focus on their recovery. Zolpidem and benzodiazepines are not typically used in the treatment of heroin addiction, and disulfiram is used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Question 10

A non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to place bet is referred to as
A) trichotillomania.
B) kleptomania.
C) intermittent explosive disorder.
D) gambling disorder.

Accepted Answer

The persistent urge to place bets is a symptom of gambling disorder, which is a non-substance-related disorder. Trichotillomania involves hair-pulling, kleptomania involves stealing, and intermittent explosive disorder involves sudden outbursts of anger.

Question 11

Vaughn Smith, an investment banker, was leading a regular life until his recent trip to a casino in Atlantic City, where he won $50,000 playing Keno. Now he regularly visits casinos to play a variety of games and often ends up neglecting his familial and professional duties on account of his obsession with games of chance. Despite the fact that he loses thousands of dollars, he is unable to resist his drive to visit casinos on a regular basis. Vaughn Smith is most likely to be suffering from
A) trichotillomania.
B) gambling disorder.
C) kleptomania.
D) pyromania

Accepted Answer

Vaughn Smith's behavior indicates that he is suffering from gambling disorder. This is characterized by a persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior that leads to significant distress or impairment in personal, social, or occupational functioning. Symptoms include the inability to control or stop gambling, despite negative consequences, preoccupation with gambling, and the need to increase the amount of money in order to feel the same level of excitement.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gambling disorder is true?
A) People with gambling disorder are unaware of the negative consequences that gambling will bring about to themselves or others.
B) The highest risk of developing gambling disorder occurs among people who engage in gambling on games involving horse races.
C) Unlike other impulse control disorders, gambling disorders does not co-occur with other psychological disorders.
D) People with gambling disorders tend to discount or devalue rewards they could obtain in the future compared to rewards they could obtain right away

Accepted Answer

People with gambling disorders tend to have difficulty with delaying gratification, meaning they are more likely to choose smaller rewards that are available immediately over larger rewards that may require waiting. This is known as temporal discounting, and it is a key feature of gambling disorder. Option A is not entirely accurate, as many people with gambling disorder are aware of the negative consequences of their behavior but feel unable to control it. Option B is not supported by research, as there is no evidence that gambling on horse races is particularly risky in terms of developing gambling disorder. Option C is also incorrect; gambling disorder often occurs alongside other mental health conditions, such as depression or substance use disorders.

Question 13

According to the _____, the genetic vulnerability interacts with the poor coping and problem-solving skills of the person with gambling disorder to make the individual particularly susceptible to early gambling experiences, such as having early gambling luck.
A) pathways model
B) linear probability model
C) big win model
D) probabilistic rewards model

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the pathways model, which posits that there are multiple pathways to gambling disorder, including a biological/genetic vulnerability, poor coping/problem-solving skills, and early positive gambling experiences. The interaction of these factors can lead to an increased risk of developing gambling disorder. The other answer choices are not relevant or accurate descriptions of the model.

Question 14

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems seems to be involved in gambling disorder?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) GABA

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter system that is most commonly associated with gambling disorder. It is involved in reward and motivation, and it has been shown to be dysregulated in individuals with gambling disorder.

Question 15

When events generated by a random process have deviated from the population average in a short run, individuals may erroneously believe that the opposite deviation becomes more likely. This summarizes the
A) illusion of control.
B) gambler's fallacy.
C) switching and double switching.
D) inherent memory bias.

Accepted Answer

The described phenomenon is known as the gambler's fallacy, where individuals believe that if a certain event has occurred frequently in a short run, then the opposite event is more likely to occur in the future. This is a common cognitive bias seen in gambling and other situations involving probability.

Question 16

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals are biased to recollect wins with greater ease than losses?
A) Illusion of control
B) Gambler's fallacy
C) Switching and double switching
D) Inherent memory bias

Accepted Answer

Inherent memory bias is a cognitive distortion where individuals tend to remember wins more easily than losses, which can lead to a distorted perception of their overall success in gambling.

Question 17

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals have a higher expectancy for success than objective probability would warrant?
A) Illusion of control
B) Gambler's fallacy
C) Switching and double switching
D) Inherent memory bias

Accepted Answer

The cognitive distortion of "illusion of control" explains that individuals with gambling disorder believe they have more control over the outcome of events than they actually do, leading to a higher expectancy for success than objective probability would warrant.

Question 18

Drugs that are efficiently absorbed into the blood stream due to oral ingestion lead to a more intense kind of intoxication than drugs taken intravenously.

Accepted Answer

Drugs taken intravenously have a more rapid onset of action and produce a more intense high compared to oral ingestion because they bypass the digestive system and directly enter the bloodstream, leading to higher concentrations of the drug in the brain.

Question 19

To be diagnosed with substance use disorder, a person has to show signs of both tolerance and withdrawal.

Accepted Answer

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a person only needs to meet at least two out of eleven criteria to be diagnosed with substance use disorder, and tolerance and withdrawal are not required criteria. They are just two possible criteria out of eleven.

Question 20

The chances of recovering from Korsakoff's syndrome are very high.

Accepted Answer

Although some improvement may be possible with treatment and abstinence from alcohol, full recovery from Korsakoff's syndrome is unlikely. The damage to the brain is usually permanent.

Quiz 12: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Sedatives are best defined as

Which of the following terms is used to describe substances that are used as sleep medications?

Caffeine withdrawal can result in all of the following symptoms EXCEPT

_____ is the psychoactive substance found in cigarettes.

When nicotine enters the bloodstream, it stimulates the release of adrenaline (norepinephrine) , which activates the autonomic nervous system and

Inhalants are best defined as

The synthetic opioid that blocks the effects of heroin by binding to the same receptor sites in the central nervous system is

Judith is fighting her heroin addiction. Her physician prescribes her a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction. Identify this drug.

Which of the following is used in the treatment of heroin addiction?

A non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to place bet is referred to as

Which of the following statements about gambling disorder is true?

According to the _____, the genetic vulnerability interacts with the poor coping and problem-solving skills of the person with gambling disorder to make the individual particularly susceptible to early gambling experiences, such as having early gambling luck.

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems seems to be involved in gambling disorder?

When events generated by a random process have deviated from the population average in a short run, individuals may erroneously believe that the opposite deviation becomes more likely. This summarizes the

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals are biased to recollect wins with greater ease than losses?

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals have a higher expectancy for success than objective probability would warrant?

Drugs that are efficiently absorbed into the blood stream due to oral ingestion lead to a more intense kind of intoxication than drugs taken intravenously.

To be diagnosed with substance use disorder, a person has to show signs of both tolerance and withdrawal.

The chances of recovering from Korsakoff's syndrome are very high.