Question 1

Which of the following is a disorder that is defined by the presence of significant interruptions of emotional or mood states?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is defined by significant interruptions of emotional or mood states, including episodes of mania or hypomania, as well as episodes of depression. Neurocognitive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and specific learning disabilities are not defined by interruptions of emotional or mood states.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of major depressive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorders are characterized by acute, time-limited periods of depressive symptoms, rather than indefinite or permanent episodes. They can occur without an external stimulus and typically involve a decrease, not an increase, in interest in daily activities.

Question 3

A period in which an individual experiences acute but time-limited periods of intense psychological and physical symptoms related to a dysphoric mood is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the major depressive episode criteria, which involves a period of at least two weeks where an individual experiences several depressive symptoms such as feelings of sadness, lack of interest in enjoyable activities, changes in appetite or sleep, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. This episode is time-limited and is not necessarily a chronic condition. The other options are not applicable as they involve different types of mood episodes (euphoric or manic/hypomanic).

Question 4

The major difference between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder is that

Accepted Answer

The key difference between major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is that in PDD, the individual experiences a chronic low mood but does not necessarily experience a major depressive episode like they would in MDD. PDD is characterized by less severe, but longer-lasting symptoms of depression. In contrast, MDD is characterized by more severe symptoms of depression that may be time-limited or may occur in episodes. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 5

Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

One of the major diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder is experiencing insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day. A) is incorrect as an elated mood is a symptom of bipolar disorder, not major depressive disorder. B) is incorrect because a lack of interest in daily activities is a common symptom of major depressive disorder. D) is incorrect as a reduced production of neurotransmitters is a potential cause or contributing factor to major depressive disorder, not a symptom.

Question 6

During his tenure as a prosecutor, Larson had once helped to book an innocent man in a murder trial. Following this incident he lost his appetite leading to weight loss and developed insomnia. Of late he has also become dysphoric and has developed suicidal tendencies. Identify the disorder from which Larson is suffering.

Accepted Answer

Larson is exhibiting symptoms of major depressive disorder such as weight loss, insomnia, dysphoria, and suicidal tendencies. The incident where he wrongly prosecuted an innocent man may have triggered his symptoms. Bipolar disorder and cyclothymic disorder involve episodes of mania or hypomania, which are not present in Larson's case. Autism is not relevant to the symptoms being presented.

Question 7

Women are almost _____ percent more likely to experience major depressive disorder at some point in life than men.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, women are approximately 70% more likely than men to experience major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. This difference may be attributed to a variety of factors, including hormonal differences, social and cultural influences, and differences in stressors experienced by men and women.

Question 8

Mary has been in a continual state of dysfunction that has kept her from feeling truly happy or well-adjusted. However, she has never had a full-blown depressive episode. Mary is most likely suffering from _____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Mary's symptoms match those of persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia. This disorder involves chronic but less severe symptoms of depression than major depressive disorder, without the presence of a full-blown depressive episode. The other options, cyclothymic and bipolar disorders, involve cycling between periods of depression and mania/hypomania. Major depressive disorder involves at least one episode of severe depression with marked impairment in functioning.

Question 9

Individuals suffering from persistent depressive disorder typically suffer from some of the same symptoms as people with major depressive disorder. However, those with persistent depressive disorder do not

Accepted Answer

Individuals with persistent depressive disorder experience depressive symptoms that are less severe but longer-lasting than those with major depressive disorder. They still suffer from insomnia, low self-esteem, and substance abuse problems can also occur, although not exclusively to persistent depressive disorder.

Question 10

Older individuals with persistent disorder or depression are more likely to report problems in which of the following areas of functioning?

Accepted Answer

Older individuals with persistent disorder or depression often report more problems in physical functioning due to the interplay between physical health and mental health, where depression can exacerbate physical ailments and vice versa.

Question 11

The overwhelming feeling of sadness a depressed person feels is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Dysphoria is defined as a state of unease or discomfort that can occur in both physical and psychological contexts. It is often used to describe the overwhelming feeling of sadness and despair experienced by individuals with major depression. Euphoria, elation, and ecstasy are all associated with positive emotions and are not typically experienced by individuals with depression.

Question 12

Kiara has been experiencing mildly depressed moods and feelings of guilt, ever since she had an abortion three years ago. She believes that she lost her baby due to her own negligence. She has not suffered from a major depressive episode during this time period, but is never totally free of her depressive symptoms. From the given information, identify the chronic disorder from which Kiara is suffering.

Accepted Answer

Kiara is experiencing symptoms of depression consistently for a period of three years, but has not had a major depressive episode. This fits the criteria for persistent depressive disorder, also known as dysthymia, which is characterized by a chronic low mood and depressive symptoms that last for at least two years. Kiara's feelings of guilt and low mood following her abortion also suggest that her depression may be related to a specific life event.

Question 13

Which of the following is a mood disorder where the primary symptom is fluctuation between dysphoric and hypomanic mood states?

Accepted Answer

Cyclothymic disorder is a mood disorder characterized by fluctuation between hypomanic and depressive mood states, although the symptoms are not severe enough to meet criteria for bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder (A) is a mood disorder characterized by persistent low mood and loss of interest in pleasurable activities. Persistent depressive disorder (B) involves chronic low mood and other depressive symptoms that last for at least two years. Autism (D) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interactions and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following mood disorders involves extreme swings in mood?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder involves extreme swings in mood, including periods of mania and depression. Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and major depressive episode involve only depressive symptoms without the presence of manic episodes.

Question 15

The milder form of bipolar disorder that involves a less intense vacillation between states of euphoria and dysphoria is known as

Accepted Answer

The milder form of bipolar disorder that involves a less intense vacillation between states of euphoria and dysphoria is known as cyclothymic disorder. This disorder is characterized by mood swings that are not as severe as in bipolar I or II disorders, but are still noticeable and disruptive to daily life. Persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder are forms of unipolar depression, not bipolar disorder. Euphoric disorder is not a recognized diagnosis in the DSM-5.

Question 16

The difference between persistent depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania, which are periods of euphoric or irritable mood, increased energy, and other symptoms that are intense and disruptive. Persistent depressive disorder, on the other hand, involves a chronic form of depression without the manic episodes seen in bipolar disorder.

Question 17

Bipolar disorder was formerly referred to as

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder was formerly referred to as manic depression. It is characterized by episodes of mania and depression.

Question 18

A state in which a person feels more cheerful and elated than average is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Euphoria is defined as an extreme feeling of happiness and elation, often accompanied by increased energy and enthusiasm. Therefore, it is the best choice for a state in which a person feels more cheerful and elated than average.

Question 19

In order for a clinician to diagnose a person with bipolar disorder, an individual must experience a(n) ________ episode.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5 criteria, a manic episode is required for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Without a manic episode, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder cannot be made.

Question 20

Jules has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. She experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times and then at other times she seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy. Identify the mood disorder affecting Jules.

Accepted Answer

Jules is experiencing symptoms of both depression (insomnia, low energy) and mania (ecstasy, high energy), indicating bipolar disorder.

Quiz 7: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders