Question 1

Which of the following is one of the criteria stated by the mental health community for a diagnosis of psychological disorder?
A) The individual's behavior must reflect dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
B) The individual's behavior must be a socially expectable response to a particular event such as the death of a close friend or relative.
C) The individual's family must have a traceable history of mental illness.
D) The individual must be an introvert.

Accepted Answer

The mental health community requires a diagnosis of psychological disorder to reflect dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes. The other criteria mentioned in the options (one's behavior being a socially expectable response to a particular event, having a traceable history of mental illness in the family, and being an introvert) are not sufficient on their own to warrant a diagnosis of a psychological disorder.

Question 2

Calvin works at a paper manufacturing company. The bleaching agents used by the company are toxic in nature and as a result of being exposed to these substances, Calvin has been experiencing intense depressive episodes due to changes in his brain functioning. From the available information, it would be most accurate to conclude that _____causes are responsible for Calvin's depression.
A) supernatural
B) biological
C) mystical
D) sociocultural

Accepted Answer

Based on the information given, it can be inferred that Calvin's depression is a result of changes in his brain functioning. This suggests a biological cause, rather than supernatural, mystical, or sociocultural causes.

Question 3

People with psychological disorders may inherit a predisposition to developing behavioral disturbances. This provides evidence that _____ factors contribute to many of the prevalent abnormalities.
A) biological
B) social
C) cultural
D) environmental

Accepted Answer

Inheritance refers to genetic factors, which are biological in nature. Therefore, the best choice is A, biological factors.

Question 4

Maria was involved in a serious car accident in which she sustained a head injury. At present, her injury has become worse and as a result she is behaving in bizarre and highly disturbing ways. Maria's change in behavior is most likely due to a _____ cause.
A) cultural
B) social
C) biological
D) genetic

Accepted Answer

Maria's change in behavior is most likely due to a biological cause, specifically her head injury. Culture, social factors, and genetics are unlikely to be the primary cause of her sudden and disturbing behavior.

Question 5

While determining the cause of an abnormal behavior, which of the following can be categorized as a psychological contribution?
A) disturbance in motor functions due to injuries
B) abnormal structure of certain chromosomes
C) hormonal imbalance in the body
D) disturbances in thoughts and feelings

Accepted Answer

Psychological contribution refers to disturbances in thoughts and feelings that contribute to abnormal behavior. Option A refers to a physical contribution as it is related to injuries, option B refers to a genetic contribution with abnormal structure of certain chromosomes, and option C refers to a physiological contribution as it is related to hormonal imbalance in the body.

Question 6

Angelina's family was killed in a tornado that ripped through her hometown. Although Angelina was not in town when this happened, she has been experiencing episodes of intense depression and anxiety because of the mental trauma she suffered. Angelina's condition is most likely to be the result of a _____ cause.
A) genetic
B) neurological
C) sociocultural
D) psychological

Accepted Answer

Angelina's symptoms are most likely the result of psychological trauma caused by the loss of her family members in the tornado. There is no indication of a genetic or neurological cause, and while sociocultural factors may play a role in her grieving process, they are not directly responsible for her symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Question 7

The term _____ refers to the various circles of influence on the individual ranging from close friends and family to the institutions and policies of a country or the world as a whole.
A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural factors include the social, cultural, and environmental influences that shape an individual's behavior and development. This includes aspects such as family, education, religion, ethnicity, geography, and politics.

Question 8

Martin Salambo was the only African student in his class. All others were white Americans. Martin was always looked down upon by his classmates and he was also bullied by them. This has had a profound impact on Martin's life. At present, he suffers from an inferiority complex, which causes him to feel depressed most of the time. Martin's condition is most likely to be the result of a _____ cause.
A) biological
B) genetic
C) sociocultural
D) supernatural

Accepted Answer

Martin's condition is most likely a result of sociocultural factors such as discrimination, bullying, and negative societal attitudes towards individuals who are different. This has contributed to Martin developing an inferiority complex, which affects his mental health and well-being. Biological or genetic factors are less likely to be the primary cause of Martin's condition in this specific case. Supernatural causes are not a scientifically recognized explanation for mental health conditions.

Question 9

A(n) _____ is a label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.
A) independent variable
B) prejudice
C) stereotype
D) stigma

Accepted Answer

Stigma is a label that is associated with negative attitudes and beliefs about individuals or certain groups of people, causing them to be viewed as "different" or "defective." This label sets them apart from mainstream society and can lead to unfair treatment or discrimination against them. Prejudice and stereotypes can contribute to the creation of stigmas, but stigma is a distinct concept that focuses on the consequences of those attitudes and beliefs rather than the attitudes and beliefs themselves. The independent variable is not related to this concept.

Question 10

Social scientists use the term _____ to refer to the interaction in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors play a role in the development of an individual's symptoms.
A) humanitarian
B) sociocultural
C) biopsychosocial
D) supernatural

Accepted Answer

The term "biopsychosocial" is commonly used by social scientists to refer to the interaction between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in the development of an individual's symptoms. This approach takes into account the holistic nature of human development and recognizes that multiple factors contribute to a person's experiences and behaviors. The other options (A, B, and D) do not accurately reflect this concept.

Question 11

The biopsychosocial perspective incorporates a developmental viewpoint. This means that
A) individual abnormalities are solely the result of biological factors and that the environment has no role in the development of an individual.
B) we must understand how different factors influence change over the course of a person's life.
C) risk factors related to abnormality remain constant and does not vary according to an individual's position in the life span.
D) mental abnormalities are not curable.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial perspective takes into account all aspects of an individual's life, including biological, psychological, and social factors. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of considering how these factors interact and change across the lifespan. Therefore, understanding how different factors influence change over the course of a person's life is a critical aspect of the biopsychosocial perspective.

Question 12

According to the biopsychosocial model, it is most likely that an individual's vulnerability to develop abnormal behavioral tendencies will be low when he/she
A) receives adequate health care.
B) engages in risky behaviors.
C) is involved in dysfunctional relationships.
D) uses drugs to divert his/her mind from stressful situations.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model suggests that a person's vulnerability to abnormal behavioral tendencies is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Adequate healthcare falls under the category of biological factors, and having good physical health can contribute to overall well-being and lower the risk of abnormal behavioral tendencies. Engaging in risky behaviors, being involved in dysfunctional relationships, and using drugs to cope with stress are all social and psychological factors that increase the risk of abnormal behavioral tendencies.

Question 13

According to the biopsychosocial model, when Bella engages in risky behavior, her vulnerability to developing
A) mood related disorders is reduced.
B) AIDS is reduced.
C) abnormal behavioral tendencies is heightened.
D) genetic disorders is heightened.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in shaping an individual's behavior and health outcomes. Engaging in risky behavior, such as substance abuse or unprotected sex, can increase an individual's susceptibility to developing abnormal behavioral tendencies, such as addiction or risky sexual behavior, due to the complex interplay of these factors. Therefore, option C is the best choice. None of the other answer choices accurately reflect the effects of risky behavior on Bella's vulnerability to developing health problems.

Question 14

_____ explanations regard abnormal behavior as the product of possession by evil or demonic spirits.
A) Spiritual
B) Scientific
C) Humanitarian
D) Psychological

Accepted Answer

Spiritual

Question 15

_____ explanations view psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions.
A) Humanitarian
B) Spiritual
C) Psychological
D) Scientific

Accepted Answer

Humanitarian explanations view psychological disorders as the result of external factors such as cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions that individuals are subjected to.

Question 16

_____ explanations primarily regard psychological disorders as the result of causes that we can objectively measure, such as biological alterations, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors.
A) Spiritual
B) Mystical
C) Scientific
D) Religious

Accepted Answer

Scientific explanations primarily regard psychological disorders as the result of causes that we can objectively measure, such as biological alterations, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors.

Question 17

Ramona is a member of a tribe residing in the rain forests of South America. She has been exhibiting certain symptoms of psychological disorder like severe depression and memory loss. The tribe's shaman pronounced that the spirit of a demon tiger has possessed Ramona and is the main cause of her distress. The approach used by the shaman in this instance is an example of the _____ approach.
A) humanitarian
B) spiritual
C) psychological
D) scientific

Accepted Answer

The shaman's approach is based on spiritual beliefs and involves attributing Ramona's symptoms to possession by a spirit. This is not a psychological or scientific approach, and while it may have some humanitarian elements, it is primarily a spiritual approach.

Question 18

Father Moore had conducted a number of exorcisms during his tenure as pastor in a suburban church in New England. The members of his congregation suggest that Father Moore was successful in driving away evil spirits that caused individuals to behave abnormally, a feat that earned him substantial fame in the town. This is an example of the _____ approach in addressing abnormality in individuals.
A) scientific
B) psychological
C) medical
D) spiritual

Accepted Answer

Father Moore's success in driving away evil spirits suggests that he relied on spiritual methods to address abnormal behavior, therefore the approach would be spiritual.

Question 19

In prehistoric times, skulls of the living had holes cut out of them, a process called _____, apparently in an effort to release the evil spirits from the person's head.
A) trephining
B) agnosia
C) akinesia
D) lobotomy

Accepted Answer

Trephining, also known as trepanning, was a practice in which a hole was drilled or scraped into a person's skull. It was believed that this would release evil spirits from the person's head and relieve symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or mental illness. It was a common practice in ancient times and was even performed by some civilizations into the Middle Ages. Agnosia refers to a neurological condition in which a person can't recognize objects or people, akinesia refers to a lack of movement or muscle control, and lobotomy refers to a surgical procedure that was used in the past to treat mental illness by severing connections in the brain. None of these choices are relevant to the given context.

Question 20

The ritual of driving away evil spirits which involves a physically and mentally painful form of treatment carried out by a shaman, priest, or medicine man is referred to as
A) cognitive restructuring.
B) an exorcism.
C) trephining.
D) electroconvulsive therapy.

Accepted Answer

The ritual of driving away evil spirits is commonly known as an exorcism. This involves the use of various methods to expel evil spirits, which can include physical or mental suffering inflicted on the person possessed, usually by a shaman, priest, or medicine man. Cognitive restructuring, trephining, and electroconvulsive therapy are not related to this ritual.

Quiz 1: Overview to Understanding Abnormal Behavior

Which of the following is one of the criteria stated by the mental health community for a diagnosis of psychological disorder?

People with psychological disorders may inherit a predisposition to developing behavioral disturbances. This provides evidence that _____ factors contribute to many of the prevalent abnormalities.

Maria was involved in a serious car accident in which she sustained a head injury. At present, her injury has become worse and as a result she is behaving in bizarre and highly disturbing ways. Maria's change in behavior is most likely due to a _____ cause.

While determining the cause of an abnormal behavior, which of the following can be categorized as a psychological contribution?

The term _____ refers to the various circles of influence on the individual ranging from close friends and family to the institutions and policies of a country or the world as a whole.

A(n) _____ is a label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society.

Social scientists use the term _____ to refer to the interaction in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors play a role in the development of an individual's symptoms.

The biopsychosocial perspective incorporates a developmental viewpoint. This means that

According to the biopsychosocial model, it is most likely that an individual's vulnerability to develop abnormal behavioral tendencies will be low when he/she

According to the biopsychosocial model, when Bella engages in risky behavior, her vulnerability to developing

_____ explanations regard abnormal behavior as the product of possession by evil or demonic spirits.

_____ explanations view psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions.

_____ explanations primarily regard psychological disorders as the result of causes that we can objectively measure, such as biological alterations, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors.

In prehistoric times, skulls of the living had holes cut out of them, a process called _____, apparently in an effort to release the evil spirits from the person's head.

The ritual of driving away evil spirits which involves a physically and mentally painful form of treatment carried out by a shaman, priest, or medicine man is referred to as