Question 1

According to alcohol myopia theory, as individuals consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are
A) likely to be more of an introvert.
B) more likely to make risky choices.
C) more likely to think about future consequences.
D) less likely to have thiamine deficiency.

Accepted Answer

According to alcohol myopia theory, increased alcohol consumption leads to a reduction in cognitive processing ability, making individuals more impulsive and focused on immediate, rather than long-term consequences. This can lead to more risky and potentially dangerous decision-making.

Question 2

The primary emphasis of the Combined Behavioral Intervention method used in the treatment of alcohol dependence is on
A) enhancing reinforcement and social support for abstinence.
B) restricting the use of drugs like disulfiram and naltrexone.
C) increasing alcohol tolerance.
D) decreasing thiamine level.

Accepted Answer

The primary emphasis of the Combined Behavioral Intervention (CBI) method used in the treatment of alcohol dependence is on enhancing reinforcement and social support for abstinence. CBI combines cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and other techniques to address multiple factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence. CBI focuses on increasing motivation for change, developing coping skills and strategies, improving emotional regulation, enhancing social support, and addressing underlying psychological issues that may contribute to alcohol misuse. Restricting the use of drugs like disulfiram and naltrexone may be a part of the treatment plan, but it is not the primary emphasis. Increasing alcohol tolerance and decreasing thiamine level are not goals of the CBI method.

Question 3

Relapse prevention is a treatment method that is based on the _____ model.
A) psychodynamic
B) expectancy
C) classical conditioning
D) diathesis-stress

Accepted Answer

Relapse prevention is based on the expectancy model, which focuses on identifying and modifying the individual's thoughts and beliefs that contribute to substance use. This approach emphasizes that relapse is a result of the individual's expectations of the effects of substance use, as well as the belief that the benefits of using outweigh the negative consequences. Therefore, the goal of relapse prevention is to help individuals develop coping skills and enhance their self-efficacy to resist substance use in situations that could lead to relapse.

Question 4

Erica has a significant problem with her alcohol use patterns and is trying to abstain from drinking. However, she goes to a party, breaks down, and has a drink. The relapse prevention model propagates that she should
A) not consider it as a sign of definite failure.
B) consider it as a sign of substance abuse.
C) consider it as a lapse of conscience.
D) consider it as a lack of self-control.

Accepted Answer

The relapse prevention model emphasizes that relapses are common and are not necessarily a sign of failure. Instead, they should be viewed as opportunities to learn from the experience and adjust her coping strategies to prevent future relapses. Therefore, Erica should not consider this as a sign of definite failure and instead learn from it.

Question 5

The results of longitudinal studies rooted in the sociocultural perspective indicate that individuals who are most likely to develop alcohol use disorder had a childhood history of
A) excessive dependence on other people.
B) antisocial behavior.
C) overgratification in the oral stage.
D) medical condition requiring heavy medication.

Accepted Answer

According to the sociocultural perspective, individuals who are most likely to develop alcohol use disorder had a childhood history of antisocial behavior. This is supported by longitudinal studies that have found a link between childhood conduct disorder and later alcohol use disorder. Excessive dependence on other people, overgratification in the oral stage, and medical conditions requiring heavy medication are not specifically associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorder according to the sociocultural perspective.

Question 6

Most drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the reward center of the brain by flooding its circuits with
A) substance P.
B) thiamine.
C) dopamine.
D) histamine.

Accepted Answer

Drugs of abuse often increase dopamine levels in the reward center of the brain, leading to feelings of pleasure and reinforcement of drug-seeking behavior. Substance P is a neurotransmitter involved in pain perception and inflammation, thiamine is a vitamin essential for proper brain function but not directly involved in the reward center, and histamine is primarily involved in allergic reactions and immune responses.

Question 7

Long-term drug abuse is most likely to
A) increase the natural level of dopamine in an individual.
B) increase the number of dopamine receptors in the body.
C) decrease the risks of memory impairment.
D) decrease the level of glutamate in an individual.

Accepted Answer

Long-term drug abuse often leads to a decrease in the level of glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory, among other functions. This can impair cognitive functions and the brain's ability to communicate effectively.

Question 8

Nicky exhibits all of the classic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Over the past two weeks, she has taken to drinking heavily. Which of the following facts best accounts for her substance abuse?
A) Anxiety disorders and substance-related disorders are linked to the same genetic markers.
B) Individuals with anxiety disorders are more likely to use substances.
C) Individuals with anxiety disorders are more likely to have eating disorders.
D) Generalized anxiety disorders are not curable.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with anxiety disorders are more likely to use substances as a way to self-medicate and cope with their symptoms.

Question 9

Which of the following substances have an activating effect on the nervous system?
A) Hypnotics
B) Teratogens
C) Stimulants
D) Sedatives

Accepted Answer

Stimulants have an activating effect on the nervous system. Hypnotics and sedatives have a calming or sedative effect, while teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects.

Question 10

Patrick has just been brought into the emergency room. He is exhibiting a great deal of agitation and hyperalertness. On examining him it was found that his condition was the direct result of a psychoactive substance that has an activating effect on the central nervous system. Which of the following substances is Patrick most likely to have ingested?
A) Disulfiram
B) Alcohol
C) Naltrexone
D) Cocaine

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of agitation and hyperalertness are characteristic of stimulant drugs such as cocaine, which have activating effects on the central nervous system. Disulfiram is used in the treatment of alcohol dependence by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down alcohol, leading to unpleasant side effects if alcohol is consumed. Naltrexone is also used in the treatment of alcohol dependence by blocking the effects of alcohol in the brain. However, neither of these substances would cause the symptoms described in the scenario. Alcohol itself can cause agitation and hyperalertness, but the scenario specifies that the substance in question has an activating effect on the central nervous system, which is more characteristic of stimulants like cocaine.

Question 11

_____ is a stimulant that affects both the central nervous and the autonomic nervous systems.
A) Disulfiram
B) Alcohol
C) Naltrexone
D) Amphetamine

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine is a stimulant drug that affects both the central nervous and the autonomic nervous systems, leading to increased alertness, energy, and euphoria. The other options listed do not have a direct effect on both systems, as disulfiram is used to treat alcohol dependence by causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed, naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms in opioid addiction, and alcohol is a depressant that primarily affects the central nervous system.

Question 12

Amphetamine is a stimulant that causes
A) a decrease in blood pressure.
B) an elevation in the heart rate.
C) an increase in appetite.
D) a slowdown of the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine is a stimulant that increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in an elevation in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. It also decreases appetite and can cause insomnia. It does not slow down the central nervous system.

Question 13

Which of the following stimulants is most likely to be used as a diet pill?
A) Disulfiram
B) Nalmefene
C) Naltrexone
D) Amphetamine

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine is a stimulant that has been used as an appetite suppressant and is often found in prescription or over-the-counter diet pills. Disulfiram, Nalmefene, and Naltrexone are not typically used as diet pills and have other medical purposes.

Question 14

_____ is an addictive stimulant drug that is related to amphetamine but provokes more intense central nervous system effects.
A) Peyote
B) Marijuana
C) Naltrexone
D) Methamphetamine

Accepted Answer

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant drug that is more potent than amphetamines and produces intense central nervous system effects. Peyote is a hallucinogenic drug, marijuana is a psychoactive drug, and naltrexone is a medication used to treat alcohol and opioid dependence.

Question 15

_____ is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that an individual snorts, injects, or smokes.
A) Marijuana
B) Hashish
C) Naltrexone
D) Cocaine

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that can induce intense feelings of euphoria and increased energy. It can be snorted, injected, or smoked and has a high potential for abuse and addiction. Marijuana and Hashish are not stimulants, and Naltrexone is a medication used to treat alcohol and opioid addiction, not stimulant addiction.

Question 16

A crystallized form of cocaine that is ingested by heading and smoking is referred to as
A) crack.
B) heroin.
C) pot.
D) angel dust.

Accepted Answer

The crystallized form of cocaine that is heated and smoked is known as crack. Heroin is a different drug altogether, usually consumed by injecting it intravenously. Pot (short for marijuana) is a completely different drug, and angel dust (also known as PCP) is a dissociative drug that is typically snorted, smoked, or taken orally.

Question 17

Which of the following is one of the effects of cocaine?
A) A decrease in mental alertness
B) A feeling of extreme fatigue
C) Heightened energy
D) A decrease in blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is a stimulant and can lead to heightened energy levels. Choices A and B are incorrect as cocaine can actually increase mental alertness and reduce fatigue. Choice D is also incorrect as cocaine can increase blood pressure.

Question 18

Within minutes of taking a drug, Sharon feels euphoric and very high on energy. It is most likely that Sharon has taken
A) cocaine.
B) nalmefene.
C) disulfiram.
D) alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The feeling of euphoria and high energy are both common effects of cocaine use. Nalmefene is a medication used to treat alcohol addiction, disulfiram is a medication used to deter alcohol consumption, and while alcohol can produce euphoria, it typically does not result in high energy levels like cocaine does. Therefore, the best choice is A, cocaine.

Question 19

Out of the following list, the use of ________ is most highly associated with developing HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne disease.
A) hashish
B) disulfiram
C) cocaine
D) amphetamine

Accepted Answer

Cocaine use is often associated with risky behaviors such as sharing needles or having unprotected sex, which can lead to the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. While drug use in general can increase the risk of contracting these diseases, cocaine is particularly associated with this risk due to the behaviors often associated with its use. Hashish, disulfiram, and amphetamine are not typically associated with an increased risk of blood-borne disease transmission.

Question 20

Cocaine's effects are mainly due to blocking the removal of _____ from the synapses between neurons.
A) dopamine
B) histamine
C) amphetamine
D) thiamine

Accepted Answer

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, from the synapses between neurons, leading to an accumulation of dopamine in the synapses and enhancing its effects on the reward pathway in the brain.

Quiz 12: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

According to alcohol myopia theory, as individuals consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are

The primary emphasis of the Combined Behavioral Intervention method used in the treatment of alcohol dependence is on

Relapse prevention is a treatment method that is based on the _____ model.

Erica has a significant problem with her alcohol use patterns and is trying to abstain from drinking. However, she goes to a party, breaks down, and has a drink. The relapse prevention model propagates that she should

The results of longitudinal studies rooted in the sociocultural perspective indicate that individuals who are most likely to develop alcohol use disorder had a childhood history of

Most drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the reward center of the brain by flooding its circuits with

Long-term drug abuse is most likely to

Nicky exhibits all of the classic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Over the past two weeks, she has taken to drinking heavily. Which of the following facts best accounts for her substance abuse?

Which of the following substances have an activating effect on the nervous system?

_____ is a stimulant that affects both the central nervous and the autonomic nervous systems.

Amphetamine is a stimulant that causes

Which of the following stimulants is most likely to be used as a diet pill?

_____ is an addictive stimulant drug that is related to amphetamine but provokes more intense central nervous system effects.

_____ is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that an individual snorts, injects, or smokes.

A crystallized form of cocaine that is ingested by heading and smoking is referred to as

Which of the following is one of the effects of cocaine?

Within minutes of taking a drug, Sharon feels euphoric and very high on energy. It is most likely that Sharon has taken

Out of the following list, the use of ________ is most highly associated with developing HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne disease.

Cocaine's effects are mainly due to blocking the removal of _____ from the synapses between neurons.