Quiz 2: Current Paradigms and Integrative Approaches
Psychology
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Q 2Q 2
The biological paradigm adopts the stance that mental illness is the result of physical illness.
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Q 3Q 3
The biological paradigm adopts the stance that mental illness is the result of a disturbance of a biological process.
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Q 5Q 5
Dizygotic twins share more genetic material than any other sibling pair, but less than monozygotic twins.
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Q 6Q 6
Researchers in the area of molecular genetics often think that disorders are due to gene-environment interactions.
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Q 10Q 10
Because we know so much about mental illness, doctors can easily prescribe the correct medication to treat disorders.
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Q 11Q 11
According to the behavioural perspective, mental illness is learned much like any other behaviour.
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Q 13Q 13
Positive reinforcement increases behaviour; negative reinforcement reduces or eliminates behaviour.
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Q 31Q 31
When children whose parents are critical and uninvolved grow up with sufficient financial security, they are protected from mental health problems.
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Q 33Q 33
Minority groups in Canada (e.g., francophones, Aboriginal people, and recent immigrants) have similar rates of mental illness as those in the majority.
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Q 35Q 35
When someone has a diathesis for a disorder, it means they will eventually develop the disorder.
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Q 37Q 37
The biopsychosocial model suggests that various factors increase one's risk of developing a mental illness
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Q 38Q 38
According to the authors, which paradigm is currently most dominant when current views are used to explain abnormal behaviour?
A) Behavioural
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biological
D) Integrative
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Q 39Q 39
Paradigms give us a ______ through which to frame scientific inquiry.
A) Textbook
B) Methodology
C) Lens
D) Practice
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Q 40Q 40
Paradigms specify
A) What school you belong to
B) What problems scientists will investigate
C) What a person's diagnosis is
D) What type of therapy will cure a person with mental illness
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Q 41Q 41
When one chooses a paradigm to understand abnormal behaviour, it
A) has little effect on clinical practice, research and treatment.
B) leads to an overly narrow perspective of mental disorders and their treatments.
C) is generally sufficiently narrow in focus to describe the diverse mental disorders.
D) aids conceptualizing, examining, and treating abnormal behaviour.
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Q 42Q 42
Which viewpoint is similar to the biological perspective?
A) Psychogenic
B) Moral
C) Somatogenic
D) Behavioural
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Q 43Q 43
Another name for the biological paradigm is:
A) Medical model
B) Neural paradigm
C) Biochemical paradigm
D) Psychiatric paradigm
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Q 44Q 44
Michael suffers from delusions that he is a close personal friend of the Queen of England. Which explanation for his symptoms would be typical of the biological paradigm?
A) Michael has an excess of libido associated with delusions.
B) Michael had a mild concussion at some point in his development.
C) There is an apparent genetic predisposition for delusions.
D) The biological paradigm does not offer an explanation for delusions
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Multiple Choice
Q 45Q 45
The dominant paradigm in Canada from the late 1800s until the middle of the 20ᵗʰ century was the ______________ paradigm.
A) biological
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavioural
D) cognitive
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Multiple Choice
Q 46Q 46
In Hall's 1900 historical report on "insanity" in women from British Columbia, "Mrs. D" was reported to have delusions that her husband was trying to poison her and she frequently wandered away from home. Mrs. D's behaviour was attributed to:
A) Mercury poisoning
B) Evil spirits
C) Oversized ovaries
D) An overactive pituitary gland
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Multiple Choice
Q 47Q 47
In Hall's 1900 historical report on "insanity" in women from British Columbia, "Mrs. D" was reported to have delusions that her husband was trying to poison her and she frequently wandered away from home. The treatment for Mrs. D was:
A) Trephining her skull
B) An early version of psychoanalysis
C) A crude form of electroconvulsive shock treatment (ECT)
D) Removal of her ovaries
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Q 48Q 48
What was Hall's biological treatment for insanity among women around the turn of the 19ᵗʰ Century?
A) Removal of ovarian cysts or the ovaries themselves.
B) Assessing for and treating physical illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease.
C) Administering progesterone to correct hormonal imbalances.
D) Injecting small doses of vitamins and minerals that she felt the client was lacking.
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Multiple Choice
Q 49Q 49
Behaviour genetics refers to:
A) The effect of euthanasia on unwanted behaviour problems.
B) The effect of genetic contributions to behaviour.
C) The result of operant conditioning on physiological processes.
D) The association between the nervous system and behaviour.
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Q 50Q 50
One's observable characteristics are called:
A) Fistula
B) Genotype
C) Genetic type
D) Phenotype
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Q 51Q 51
Whereas the _____________ changes over time, the ______________ is fixed at birth.
A) genotype; phenotype
B) phenotype; genotype
C) zygote; dizygote
D) monozygotic type; dizygotic type
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Multiple Choice
Q 52Q 52
A genotype is illustrated by which of the following?
A) Panic disorder
B) Depression
C) Schizophrenia
D) None of these
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Q 53Q 53
________ of first degree relatives of index cases with schizophrenia can be diagnosed with schizophrenia, compared with ________ of the general population
A) 25%; 1%
B) 10%; 1%
C) 25%; 3%
D) 10%; 3%
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Multiple Choice
Q 54Q 54
The _______ approach to the biological paradigm explains that individual differences in behaviour are the result of differences in genetic makeup.
A) behaviour genetics
B) molecular genetics
C) biogenetics
D) biochemistry
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Multiple Choice
Q 55Q 55
Intelligence is best viewed as an index of:
A) Psychogenesis
B) Somatogenesis
C) Phenotype
D) Genotype
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Q 56Q 56
Relatives of individuals with mental illness are studied to determine the frequency with which the same diagnosis applies to them. The individuals here are referred to as:
A) Prototypes
B) Linkages
C) Meninges
D) Probands
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Multiple Choice
Q 57Q 57
Jane has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Which of her relatives has the highest risk for developing the disorder?
A) Her (dizygotic) twin sister
B) Her brother
C) Her daughter
D) All of the above have an equal chance of developing the disorder
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Multiple Choice
Q 58Q 58
The assumption that environmental factors are a partial cause of concordance equally in MZ and DZ pairs is called:
A) Equal environment assumption
B) Psychogenesis
C) Linkage assumption
D) Reductionism assumption
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Multiple Choice
Q 59Q 59
Identifying particular genes associated with mental disorders is the _________ approach to the biological paradigm.
A) behaviour genetics
B) molecular genetics
C) biogenetics
D) biochemistry
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Q 60Q 60
Linkage analysis is most closely related to the __________ approach within the biological paradigm
A) behaviour genetics
B) molecular genetics
C) biogenetics
D) biochemistry
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Q 61Q 61
The behaviour genetic view suggests which of the following relations between genes and abnormal behaviour?
A) Genetic predispositions increase the likelihood of abnormal behaviour.
B) It is possible and reasonable to manipulate an individual's genes.
C) Twins, mono or dizygotic, are more likely to exhibit abnormal behaviour.
D) Abnormal behaviour is solely the result of environmental influences on genetics
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Multiple Choice
Q 62Q 62
Which of the following is another term for an index case?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Proband
D) Zygote
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Q 63Q 63
Concordance for disorders should be greater for ______________ than ______________ if there is a genetic predisposition for the condition.
A) monozygotic; dizygotic pairs
B) genotypic; phenotypic pairs
C) dizygotic; monozygotic pairs
D) phenotypic; genotypic pairs
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Q 64Q 64
The family method refers to
A) identifying the gene(s) believed to cause inherited disorders.
B) comparing the incidence of disorders in other members of a family.
C) examining twins raised apart.
D) examining phenotypes of nuclear families.
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Q 65Q 65
A genetic explanation of schizophrenia would be supported by which of the following choices?
A) Higher concordance between MZ than DZ twins.
B) Similar concordance rate between MZ and DZ twins
C) Relatives of someone with schizophrenia are no more likely to have schizophrenia than anyone else.
D) MZ twins reared together are likely to share the disorder.
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Multiple Choice
Q 66Q 66
An investigator finds that the concordance rate for bipolar disorder is higher among monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins. Which would be an incorrect conclusion on the basis of this finding?
A) Bipolar disorder is partially inherited.
B) Bipolar disorder is learned through interactions and observations of family members.
C) Genetics play no role in bipolar disorder.
D) Identical twins may not be treated in the same way as nonidentical twins.
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Multiple Choice
Q 67Q 67
Determining the influence of being raised by disordered parents, and eliminating that influence in behaviour genetics research is accomplished by the ___________ method.
A) twin
B) adoptee
C) family
D) spouse
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Q 68Q 68
Linkage analysis is a method in molecular genetics used to?
A) Study rare disorders
B) Identify the specific genes that cause mental illness
C) Identify genetic markers related to psychopathology
D) Study the gene-environment interactions
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Multiple Choice
Q 69Q 69
) Molecular genetics is an approach that:
A) ompares the level of genetic overlap between individuals with the same disorder.
B) Studies the differences in behaviour that are attributable to genetic makeup.
C) Allows for the identification of the level of similarity of genes between relatives.
D) Identifies a particular gene or genes involved in the development of disorders.
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Multiple Choice
Q 70Q 70
The authors of your textbook conclude that the results of a recent Canadian survey on the causes of illness, both physical and mental:
A) Are encouraging as they show that 3 out of 5 Canadians believe that genetic factors are a significant factor in the development of health and mental health problems.
B) Are discouraging as they show that 3 out of 5 Canadians believe that genetic factors are a significant factor in the development of health and mental health problems.
C) Were inconclusive as they show that 3 out of 5 Canadians believe that genetic factors are a significant factor in the development of health and mental health problems.
D) Were inconclusive as they show that 2 out of 5 Canadians believe that genetic factors are a significant factor in the development of health and mental health problems.
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Multiple Choice
Q 71Q 71
The small gap between brain cells that is involved in message transmission is called the:
A) Neurotransmitter
B) Axon
C) Ganglion
D) Synapse
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Multiple Choice
Q 72Q 72
) A nerve impulse is:
A) The gap between sending and receiving brain cells
B) A change in electric potential within the cell
C) The genotypic features of the cell
D) A group of chemical substances called neurotransmitters
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Q 73Q 73
Neurotransmitters
A) deliver nerve impulse information across the synapse.
B) allow for the detection of brain activity, through measures such as EEG.
C) transmit genetic information from parents to offspring.
D) block the flow of information and contribute to behavioural problems.
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Multiple Choice
Q 74Q 74
Mental disorders can be the result of
A) an abundance of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
B) excesses of different neurotransmitters, such as dopamine.
C) deficiencies in different neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.
D) any of the above.
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Multiple Choice
Q 75Q 75
Recent research has demonstrated the use of linkage analysis. Zai and colleagues (2006) in Toronto found an association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and a _______ gene.
A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) norepinephrine
D) GABA
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Multiple Choice
Q 76Q 76
A study of genetic linkage in adolescents and young adults found that a locus on chromosome 9 is associated with enhanced risk for:
A) Depression
B) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
C) Internalizing disorders
D) Externalizing disorders
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Multiple Choice
Q 77Q 77
Research on genetic linkage typically assumes:
A) Genetic contributions only
B) Environmental contributions only
C) Gene-environment interaction
D) Research is unclear about the contributions to genetic linkage
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Q 78Q 78
The reabsorption of a neurotransmitter after it has performed its function is called ________. It prevents further activity of the neurotransmitter.
A) synapse
B) reuptake
C) anabolism
D) neuromodulators
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Multiple Choice
Q 79Q 79
Current theory and research on ADHD indicates that:
A) The lateral area of the prefrontal cortex is the most significant area of the brain involved in ADHD.
B) Significant reductions in volume of the cerebrum and cerebellum are potentially involved.
C) Delays of up to 7 years in the maturation of the cortex have been related to ADHD.
D) ADHD may be due to an excess of dopamine.
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Q 80Q 80
Tannock and her colleagues from the Hospital For Sick Children in Toronto argue that the following is involved in the development of ADHD:
A) There are deficits in temporal processing.
B) There is a specific abnormality in the reward-related circuitry of the brain.
C) There are deficits in working memory.
D) All of the above.
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Multiple Choice
Q 81Q 81
According to the biological paradigm:
A) Eventually mental illness will be prevented
B) Non-biological interventions will soon be obsolete
C) Treatments that alter bodily functioning can improve mental illness
D) Mental illnesses are socially constructed and likely not due to biological dysfunction
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Multiple Choice
Q 82Q 82
What are the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs today?
A) Stimulants (e.g., Ritalin)
B) Tranquilizers (e.g., Valium)
C) Antipsychotics (e.g., Clozaril)
D) Antidepressants (e.g., Prozac)
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Multiple Choice
Q 83Q 83
________ treatment involves planting electrodes in the brain to deliver low-level electrical impulses
A) fMRI
B) Electroconvulsive shock treatment
C) Deep brain stimulation
D) CAT scan
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Multiple Choice
Q 84Q 84
An assumption of reductionism that makes it a poor scientific practice is that:
A) Observations can be separated from the assumptions of the scientists making the observations.
B) Knowing simple phenomena results in explanations for complex phenomena.
C) Basic elements of complex phenomena exist in most theories.
D) Processes may be studied without regard to underlying causes.
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Multiple Choice
Q 85Q 85
Joe is currently a doctoral student in psychology in a biologically oriented lab. Which research project is he most likely working on?
A) Developing a new therapy to treat depression
B) Identifying the genetic make-up of depression
C) Examining the limbic system of mice
D) Identifying environmental risk factors for depression
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Multiple Choice
Q 86Q 86
As part of the behaviourism movement in psychology, there was a movement away from ________ techniques, and a movement toward _________ techniques for studying behaviour.
A) the case study; correlational studies
B) phenomenology; operant conditioning
C) introspection; direct observation
D) determinism; the concept of free will
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Multiple Choice
Q 87Q 87
Behaviourists advocate that:
A) Abnormal behaviour arises from discussions of abnormal behaviour
B) Abnormal behaviour is learned.
C) Insight is important in changing behaviour
D) Defences are associated with resolving anxiety
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Multiple Choice
Q 88Q 88
The earliest experimental work on classical conditioning in dogs was conducted by:
A) Bandura
B) Tolman
C) Skinner
D) Pavlov
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Multiple Choice
Q 89Q 89
Jimmy, age 5, runs to the door every time he hears a car drive by, expecting his mother to come home from work. From a classical conditioning perspective, the sound of the car is:
A) An unconditioned response
B) An unconditioned stimulus
C) A conditioned response
D) A conditioned stimulus
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Multiple Choice
Q 90Q 90
What is the unconditioned response in the following illustration? Fiona gets a blood test, and faints when blood begins to be drawn by the technician.
A) The needle
B) Blood
C) Fainting
D) Blood flow
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Q 91Q 91
According to the law of effect:
A) Tommy will stop misbehaving at school if he is sent to his room when he gets home.
B) Kim will continue reading if reinforced after each time she is interested in reading.
C) Tony will readily learn new tasks by observing someone else.
D) Katrina will play nicely with her sister if she is given a new toy to play with first.
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Multiple Choice
Q 92Q 92
Heidi experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child. Now, she goes to a different dentist, but feels her heart race when she arrives, and her heart rate goes down when she leaves. Her heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to ______________, and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to _______________.
A) classical conditioning, operant conditioning
B) operant conditioning, classical conditioning
C) operant conditioning, mediational learning
D) operant conditioning, modelling
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Multiple Choice
Q 93Q 93
When you attempt to buy a soda from a machine, you only do so if the lights are on. According to Skinner, the lights on the soda machine are
A) positive reinforcement.
B) a discriminative stimulus.
C) a signal for extinction.
D) a conditioned stimulus.
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Multiple Choice
Q 94Q 94
This type of response to behaviour results in an increased probability of the behaviour later occurring again.
A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Thanking someone
D) All of the above are correct
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Multiple Choice
Q 95Q 95
A child watches carefully as her father prepares lunch by spreading mayonnaise on bread. When the child attempts to do this, she holds the knife in a similar manner, and spreads the mayonnaise on bread. This is an illustration of which learning principle?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Backward chaining
D) Modelling
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Multiple Choice
Q 96Q 96
This paradigm assumes that normal and abnormal behaviour develop in the same way?
A) Biological
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Behavioural
D) Gestalt
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Multiple Choice
Q 97Q 97
The type of animal used in Pavlov's famous classical conditioning experiments was:
A) A rhesus monkey
B) A white rat
C) A cat
D) A dog
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Multiple Choice
Q 98Q 98
Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement differ in that:
A) Only positive reinforcement results in a subsequent increase in the response
B) Only negative reinforcement can be combined with observational learning
C) Only positive reinforcement is involved in instrumental learning
D) Only negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus
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Multiple Choice
Q 99Q 99
Four-year-old Mollie from Halifax, has often witnessed her mother's fear of cats. Mollie is also afraid of cats. Mollie's fear is most likely the result of _____________.
A) identification
B) modelling
C) reinforcement
D) shaping
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Multiple Choice
Q 100Q 100
Which of the following is true about Bandura's philosophy about psychological research?
A) He emphasized the benefits of doing case studies.
B) His theories were initially based on self-observation.
C) He believed that experimental research could never shed light on clinical phenomena.
D) He believed that clinical phenomena should be studied in experimental situations.
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Multiple Choice
Q 101Q 101
What did Bandura and colleague's (1961) classic Bobo doll study show?
A) Children would imitate the aggression towards the doll that was displayed by a model.
B) Children would try and comfort the doll.
C) Children would be aggressive towards the adult model.
D) Children would be emotionally distressed by seeing the adult be aggressive towards the doll.
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Multiple Choice
Q 102Q 102
Which of the following are the four key processes in observational learning?
A) Attention; retrieval; retention; and motivation
B) Acceptance; retention; reproduction; and motivation
C) Attention; retention; reproduction; and motivation
D) Attention; recognition; repetition; and motivation
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Multiple Choice
Q 103Q 103
What do Bandura's self-control therapies aim to improve?
A) Self-observation
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-worth
D) Self-introspection and awareness
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Multiple Choice
Q 104Q 104
The influential social learning theory was conceived by ________________.
A) Bandura
B) Freud
C) Skinner
D) Maslow
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Multiple Choice
Q 105Q 105
The famous Bobo dolls study was conducted by which Canadian researcher?
A) Melzack
B) Meichenbaum
C) Bandura
D) Skinner
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Multiple Choice
Q 106Q 106
In his early career, Dr. Albert Bandura focussed on__________, while in his later years, he focussed on__________.
A) self-regulation; instrumental learning
B) classical conditioning; operant conditioning
C) social learning; self-efficacy
D) cognitive therapy; behaviour therapy
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Multiple Choice
Q 107Q 107
Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura is well-known for his studies on:
A) Modelling
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-regulation
D) All of the above
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Multiple Choice
Q 108Q 108
As part of treatment for a fetish, Ted is instructed to masturbate for an extended period before ejaculation while fantasizing about sexual activity aside from the fetish object. The goal of treatment was to ultimately pair arousal with a different stimulus than the fetish object. This is an illustration of what behavioural technique?
A) Counterconditioning
B) Backward chaining
C) Exposure
D) Biofeedback
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Multiple Choice
Q 109Q 109
Martha was trained in relaxation methods, and then practiced imagining feared situations while relaxed. This illustrates:
A) In vivo exposure
B) Biofeedback
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Imaginal exposure
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Multiple Choice
Q 110Q 110
__________ is the pioneer who developed systematic desensitization.
A) Albert Bandura
B) Joseph Wolpe
C) Teodor Ayllon
D) O. Hobart Mowrer
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Multiple Choice
Q 111Q 111
In an effort to quit drinking, Todd is instructed to imagine experiencing nausea whenever he has the urge to drink, or when he envisions himself picking up a drink. This is an illustration of:
A) Relaxation training
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Assertiveness training
D) Exposure
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Multiple Choice
Q 112Q 112
Behavioural and cognitive theorists differ in their emphasis on
A) events versus interpretations of events.
B) feelings versus thoughts.
C) reinforcement versus free-will.
D) childhood experiences versus current events.
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Multiple Choice
Q 113Q 113
Joan tends to see everything on the 'bright side.' That is, she rarely feels that negative events occur to her. According to the cognitive perspective, Joan's tendency to see things positively represents her
A) schema.
B) discriminative stimulus.
C) fixation.
D) conditioned response.
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Multiple Choice
Q 114Q 114
. What was the primary factor contributing to Canadian prima ballerina Karen Kain's depression?
A) Injuries
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Perfectionistic standards
D) Performance anxiety
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Multiple Choice
Q 115Q 115
Which paradigm argues that people interpret events selectively, and experience emotions based upon those interpretations?
A) Psychoanalytic paradigm
B) Cognitive paradigm
C) Behavioural paradigm
D) Diathesis-stress paradigm
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Multiple Choice
Q 116Q 116
Rational-emotive behaviour therapy primarily focuses on
A) changing irrational behaviour.
B) changing behaviour associated with irrational ideas.
C) changing the ability to relax.
D) changing irrational beliefs.
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Multiple Choice
Q 117Q 117
What paradigm was used by the therapist in the following example? Joan was fired from her job, and her therapist attempted to help her see that this was not terrible, and that being fired may not mean she was a bad person.
A) Learning paradigm
B) Psychoanalytic paradigm
C) Cognitive paradigm
D) Existential paradigm
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Multiple Choice
Q 118Q 118
Ted is a "workaholic;" he works 15 hours a day and never has time to spend with his family or on things he enjoys. Which of the following is a cognitive explanation of Ted's behaviour?
A) Ted is imitating the behaviour of his hard-working father
B) Ted believes he must excel in everything he does
C) Ted is actually afraid of getting close to others
D) Ted lacks the assertiveness to stand up to his boss's demands
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Multiple Choice
Q 119Q 119
The cognitive-behavioural model for panic disorder proposed by Carter et al. (2008) suggests that:
A) Catastrophic cognitions are the root of the disorder
B) Catastrophic cognitions are the result of searching for safety cues
C) Escape behaviours precede catastrophic cognitions
D) Escape behaviours do not influence cognitions
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Multiple Choice
Q 120Q 120
One difficulty with the cognitive paradigm is
A) the origins of disordered cognitions are not explained.
B) too great a focus on the causes of disorders, at the expense of treatment.
C) it is overly reductionistic, relying solely on thoughts to explain behaviour.
D) despite its early promise, it has had little influence on the actual practice and research of psychologists.
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Multiple Choice
Q 121Q 121
In the CBT therapy developed by Aaron Beck, the general goal of therapy is to alter:
A) Behaviours
B) Emotions
C) Cognitions
D) Affects
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Multiple Choice
Q 122Q 122
Beatrice is a therapist who believes that it is essential to focus on the demands that people feel they absolutely must attain or should be attained. Beatrice most likely practices:
A) Interpersonal therapy
B) Cognitive-behaviour therapy
C) Emotion-focused therapy
D) Rational-emotive behaviour therapy
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Multiple Choice
Q 123Q 123
The REBT approach, advocated and developed by Albert Ellis, attributes psychopathology to:
A) Early learning experiences
B) Irrational beliefs
C) Repressed memories
D) Fixed action patterns
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Multiple Choice
Q 124Q 124
The founder of rational-emotive behaviour therapy is:
A) Albert Ellis
B) Aaron Beck
C) Martin Seligman
D) John Watson
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Multiple Choice
Q 125Q 125
Which psychologist developed the psychotherapeutic procedures termed cognitive-behaviour modification?
A) Walters
B) Meichenbaum
C) Bandura
D) Antony
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Multiple Choice
Q 126Q 126
Meichenbaum's more recent work has been described as:
A) Constructivist
B) Psychodynamic
C) Humanistic
D) Cognitive-behavioural
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Multiple Choice
Q 127Q 127
Psychoanalysis was developed by:
A) Joseph Breuer
B) Carl Jung
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Karen Horney
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Multiple Choice
Q 128Q 128
The psychoanalytic paradigm rests upon the assumption that psychopathology is the result of:
A) Incomplete superego development
B) Unconscious conflicts
C) Ego defense mechanisms
D) Overcontrol of the pleasure principle
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Multiple Choice
Q 129Q 129
The id, ego, and superego are:
A) Structures of mind
B) Orders in a developmental sequence
C) Biological drives
D) Brain structures
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Multiple Choice
Q 130Q 130
The ego operates according to the _________________ principle and uses ________________ process thinking to meet its needs.
A) reality; secondary
B) reality; primary
C) pleasure; primary
D) pleasure; secondary
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Multiple Choice
Q 131Q 131
Primary process thinking, in Freudian theory, refers to:
A) Logical planning and decision making
B) Fantasizing about what is desired
C) Reflexes that result in immediate gratification
D) Moral dilemma resolution
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Multiple Choice
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Q 133Q 133
When you feel hungry and immediately seek out food, this is an example of
A) Superego
B) Ego
C) Id
D) Cathexis
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Multiple Choice
Q 134Q 134
Lou is in physics class and begins to feel disinterested. He then thinks about his girlfriend and their plans for that weekend. This is an illustration of:
A) Libidinal activity
B) Identification formation
C) Ego activity
D) Primary process thinking
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Multiple Choice
Q 135Q 135
According to Freud's theory, the superego develops from the:
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Emergence of defense mechanisms
D) Conflicts in one's childhood
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Multiple Choice
Q 136Q 136
Planning and decision making is carried out by the:
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Preconscious
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Q 137Q 137
Secondary process thinking refers to:
A) Methods employed by the superego to accomplish moral standards
B) Strategies developed by the id to gain immediate gratification
C) Decision making procedures inherent to ego functioning
D) Strategies for accomplishing proximal gratification used by the ego
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Multiple Choice
Q 138Q 138
Which part of the mind engages in unconscious activity?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) All of these
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Multiple Choice
Q 139Q 139
While studying for an exam, Paul worked for 15 minutes before becoming tired. He decided that it would be better to work for another 30 minutes before taking a break. His behaviour is being guided by which part of his mind?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Conscience
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Multiple Choice
Q 140Q 140
When Sid was studying for an exam, he suddenly realized that his favourite television show was on. He stopped his work and hurried to watch. His behaviour is being guided by which part of his personality?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Ego defence
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 141Q 141
When one refers to their conscience, they are also describing the:
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Ego defences
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 142Q 142
The superego allows us to:
A) Be capable of rational thought
B) Know right from wrong
C) Act in line with reality
D) Be spontaneous
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 143Q 143
The superego operates according to the:
A) Morality principle
B) Perfection principle
C) Introjection principle
D) Reality principle
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 144Q 144
Very strict parents might create a very strong _______________ in their children.
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Sublimation defence
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 145Q 145
Sally is trying to decide whether to drink alcohol, knowing that her parents are strongly opposed to drinking. According to Freudian theory, Sally's struggle is between her ______________, which makes her want to drink, and her ____________, which discourages drinking.
A) id; superego
B) ego; superego
C) id; ego
D) superego; ego
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 146Q 146
Edith makes plans to go to her favourite restaurant, even though she has an exam the next day and knows she needs to study. Which aspect of her unconscious is guiding her decision to go out to dinner?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) None of the above are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 147Q 147
According to Freud, what is the most important determinant of behaviour?
A) Conscious
B) Pre-conscious
C) Unconscious
D) All are equally important
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 148Q 148
Judith always gives to charities, even though she has very little money. According to Freudian theory, which aspect of her unconscious is guiding her charitable behaviour?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) All of the above are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 149Q 149
Ted's behaviour in class caused his teacher to suggest that he 'has absolutely no superego.' If this is true, Ted
A) was extremely rigid in his thinking, and incapable of seeing other perspectives.
B) did not learn right and wrong when instructed.
C) acted in strict accordance with class rules.
D) was reading and completing his class work.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 150Q 150
Sarah's parents were very permissive when she was growing up. Which aspect of her unconscious is likely to be most developed in adulthood?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) None of the above are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 151Q 151
Otis would like to go out with his friends. However, he knows that if he goes out he will not be able to study enough for his exam in History the next day. If he goes out, then his _________ prevailed; if he studies, then his _____________ won out in determining his behaviour.
A) ego; superego
B) superego; id
C) id; ego
D) id; transference
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 152Q 152
Esther's typical work day is twelve hours. Anytime she feels like taking a break, she quickly reminds herself that her parents emphasized hard work and dedication for success. Her ________ is most in control of her behaviour.
A) id
B) repressive style
C) superego
D) none of the above are correct
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 153Q 153
When one is afraid of something that is not connected to reality or to any real threat, this is referred to as:
A) Neurotic anxiety
B) Psychoticism
C) Freudian slips
D) Sublimation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 154Q 154
Ted is extremely fearful that he might blurt out foul language at work, and offend other employees. Ted is experiencing:
A) Moral anxiety
B) Primary anxiety
C) Objective anxiety
D) Neurotic anxiety
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 155Q 155
Defence mechanisms are part of the _________ of the ___________.
A) unconscious; ego
B) superego; unconscious
C) preconscious; id
D) conscious; ego
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 156Q 156
Defence mechanisms aid in
A) protecting the ego from anxiety.
B) the ego expressing anxiety.
C) preventing the superego from becoming dominant.
D) relaxing any type of anxiety.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 157Q 157
Joan states confidently "I never get angry. In fact, I never recall feeling angry." Joan is exhibiting
A) cathexis.
B) reaction formation.
C) repression.
D) sublimation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 158Q 158
After going to a party, James explains to himself that this was more important than studying because "I needed a break from all the stress," even though he has not studied at all yet. This would be an example of
A) identification.
B) reaction formation.
C) displacement.
D) rationalization.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 159Q 159
Kim is yelling at her husband "I don't know why you are so angry with me." However, her husband has not yet said anything to her, and even greeted her with a smile and flowers when she got home. Kim is exhibiting
A) reaction formation.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) sublimation.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 160Q 160
Sam is angry at his boss for passing over him for a promotion. Instead, he goes home and argues with his wife. This is an illustration of
A) repression.
B) reaction formation.
C) displacement.
D) projection.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 161Q 161
Often individuals who have been victims of sexual abuse disavow their traumatic experience and push it into their unconscious. This defence mechanism is referred to as:
A) Rationalization
B) Denial
C) Displacement
D) Regression
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 162Q 162
At his place of employment, Bob treats his boss, John, the same way he treats his friends and family, even though Bob hates John. This is an illustration of:
A) Projection
B) Displacement
C) Reaction formation
D) Sublimation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 163Q 163
A wife explains her husband's repeated infidelity as a product of his unfortunate upbringing. This is an example of:
A) Repression
B) Reaction formation
C) Regression
D) Rationalization
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 164Q 164
When Melissa experiences test anxiety, she sticks her pen in her mouth and begins sucking on it. This defence mechanism is referred to as:
A) Displacement
B) Reaction formation
C) Regression
D) Sublimation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 165Q 165
You seek out treatment for difficulties in coping with stress. The therapist you see focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts. You are receiving:
A) Action therapy
B) Insight therapy
C) A placebo
D) Dream analysis
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 166Q 166
As part of therapy, you are asked to lie on a couch and say anything that comes to mind. This is called:
A) Interpretation
B) Transference
C) Real analysis
D) Free association
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 167Q 167
When engaging in free association, you begin to screen your thoughts and do not report everything that comes to mind. You are:
A) Showing resistance
B) Experiencing transference
C) Experiencing countertransference
D) Filtering
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 168Q 168
The symbolic content of a dream is called:
A) Transference material
B) Interpretive
C) Latent content
D) Manifest content
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 169Q 169
Ego analysis is a form of psychotherapy that:
A) Emphasizes people's ability to control both their environment and their instincts
B) Mainly includes people's childhood conditions to help them strengthen their ego
C) Assumes that people's inability to control their id instincts is present at birth
D) Involves strengthening one's ego to overcome the superego's drives
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 170Q 170
What was one of the findings of Doidge and his associates regarding the current status of psychoanalysis in Ontario?
A) Most psychoanalysis clients were men
B) For most, psychoanalysis was their first attempt at therapy
C) Psychoanalysis typically lasted about five years
D) Most clients suffered from multiple personality disorders
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 171Q 171
As part of the need and effectiveness of providing time-limited therapies, brief psychodynamic therapies share the following aspects:
A) Assessment is performed early and is short; goals are concrete and focused on improving clients' symptoms
C) Clients are aware that the number of sessions is limited; interpretations are directed towards current life situations
C) Transference is not encouraged; the awareness that therapy does cure people and clients can learn to cope better
D) A and B only
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 172Q 172
Interpersonal therapy, object relations theory, self-psychology are all part of which paradigm?
A) Humanistic
B) Psychodynamic
C) Cognitive
D) Integrative
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 173Q 173
Interpersonal therapy emphasizes the following understandings:
A) Examining past relationships and their current influence
B) The inclusion of role-playing to implement new behaviour
C) The importance of childhood attachment
D) All of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 174Q 174
The analyst's feelings towards the client are referred to as:
A) Projection
B) Displacement
C) Counter transference
D) Transference
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 175Q 175
In their Ontario survey investigating the nature of psychodynamic therapy, Doidge and associates found that those receiving psychoanalysis were predominately:
A) Women with fewer than 4 diagnoses
B) Men with fewer than 4 diagnoses
C) Women with an average of 4 diagnoses
D) Men with an average of 4 diagnoses
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 176Q 176
Which of the following statements about time-limited psychotherapy is NOT TRUE?
A) It is made clear right away that therapy will be limited and improvement is expected within 6 to 25 sessions.
B) An equal emphasis is placed on current life circumstances and the historical significance of feelings and past life events reflecting early childhood.
C) Goals are concrete and focused on the amelioration of the client's worst symptoms. D) Assessment tends to happen quickly and early in the process.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 177Q 177
The sudden onset of the development of which disorder created the initial impetus for the development of brief therapies?
A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Dissociative amnesia
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 178Q 178
In research on the treatment of depression, Harkness and her colleagues found that the link between stress and depression was weakened if women received:
A) Cgnitive-behaviour therapy
B) Rational-emotive therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Interpersonal therapy
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 179Q 179
According to the humanistic paradigm, the most important characteristic of any person is:
A) Early childhood experiences
B) Free will
C) Acceptance of the inevitability of death
D) The ability to unconditionally love oneself
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 180Q 180
A major emphasis of client-centered therapy is:
A) Emphasizing self-actualization
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Improving awareness of one's own behaviour
D) All of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 181Q 181
Which of these is representative of advanced empathy?
A) The therapist's understanding, accepting and communicating to the client what she/he is thinking and feeling
B) An expression of the client's thoughts and feelings as she/he expresses them
C) An interpretation by the therapist of what the client is feeling and thinking
D) None of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 182Q 182
In a study on schizophrenic clients from Ontario psychiatric hospitals, Coons et al. (1957, 1970) found that:
A) Empathic therapy led to improved personality functioning
B) Despite having an empathic therapist, only drug therapy led to improvement in these clients
C) Psychoanalytic or insight-based therapy led to the greatest improvements in these clients
D) Cognitive-behavioural treatment led to the greatest improvements in these clients
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 183Q 183
According to Carl Rogers, if the therapist accepts the client for who he or she is, the therapist is providing __________________ .
A) self-actualization
B) primary empathy
C) secondary empathy
D) unconditional positive regard
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 184Q 184
Jan has been struggling with depression and goes to see a therapist. The therapist practices from a Rogerian perspective. Which of the following statements is the therapist most likely to make?
A) "Your depression most likely stems from your belief that you are no good."
B) "Your depression is the result of the death of your family dog when you were a child."
C) "Your depression really seems to be bringing you down. I'd really like to support you in your recovery."
D) "Your depression is probably coming from your realization that one day you will die."
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 185Q 185
John is a relatively new therapist and has been told that being empathic can lead to positive effects for his clients. This is
A) True - empathy is a critical component of all forms of therapy
B) False - it depends on what paradigm he practice from to determine the effect of empathy
C) False - the positive effects of empathy are stronger with more experienced therapists
D) True - the positive effects of empathy are stronger with less experienced therapists
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 186Q 186
The notion that people are innately good is most often associated with:
A) The psychodynamic paradigm
B) The behavioural paradigm
C) The humanistic paradigm
D) The interpersonal paradigm
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 187Q 187
Who originated the field of psychotherapy research?
A) Bandura
B) Meichenbaum
C) Beck
D) Rogers
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 188Q 188
Which of the following is a positive consequence of adopting a paradigm?
A) Data can be collected and interpreted along a meaningful set of definitions.
B) It is possible to find conclusions that can be more generalized.
C) It encourages researchers to consider many sides to a problem.
D) There are no theoretical differences.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 189Q 189
Which of the following scenarios is a potential consequence of adopting a paradigm?
A) A cognitive therapist conducts a thorough intake before determining a client's diagnosis
B) A humanistic therapist recommends that a client see a medical doctor to rule out a physical cause of their mental health issue
C) A behavioural therapist determines that a client's depression is due to a lack of reinforcement from the environment
D) A psychodynamic therapist asks a client to keep a symptom log to gain a better understanding of the problem
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 190Q 190
When a therapist enthusiastically subscribes to one treatment orientation but then uses therapeutic techniques associated with other theoretical orientations, he or she is said to be:
A) Unreliable
B) Eclectic
C) Generic
D) Ambivalent
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 191Q 191
A survey (von Ranson & Robinson, 2006) of therapists treating eating disorder clients suggested that a(n) _____________ approach may be the norm rather than the exception.
A) cognitive
B) behavioural
C) cognitive-behavioural
D) eclectic
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 192Q 192
Clarice has struggled with self-esteem issues and depression in the past. Which of the following romantic partners is likely to contribute to a re-emergence of depression for her?
A) Al, who is quiet and caring
B) Bill, who has a history of domestic violence
C) Chris, who is often described as the "life of the party"
D) Dan, who is in recovery from cocaine addiction
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 193Q 193
The relationship between people and the environment is:
A) Simple - the environment influences people
B) Simple - people influence the environment
C) Complicated - people can both influence and be influenced by the environment
D) Impossible to predict - there are too many possible influences on the relationship between people and the environment
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 194Q 194
Jackie's parents were very strict - they controlled who she could be friends with, which activities she could engage in, and there were harsh punishments if she disobeyed. Which of the following would Jackie be most likely to develop?
A) Anxiety
B) Depression
C) Oppositional Defiant Disorder
D) All of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 195Q 195
James, a 15 year old, thinks he won the parenting lottery - his parents set no rules for him and let him come and go as he pleases. Later on in life, he may be prone to developing which disorder?
A) Anxiety
B) Depression
C) Substance dependence
D) All of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 196Q 196
Marcia and John are very unhappy in their marriage. They fight all the time, and it occasionally becomes physical. They are reluctant to split up, though, as they are concerned about the mental health implications for their 11 year old daughter Sarah. What advice would you give them?
A) They should split up - it's worse for Sarah to be exposed to their conflict and violence
B) They should stay together - children of divorce are worse off than children whose parents tough it out
C) They should stay together - toughing it out will teach Sarah to work hard
D) They should ask Sarah what she wants them to do - it's her mental health, after all
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 197Q 197
Children growing up with a parent with mental illness are likely to find that:
A) It's easy to talk about what's going on at home with friends and family
B) They have to take on a caregiver role to their parents &/or siblings
C) Their peers are very supportive
D) They cannot stop thinking about their parents when they are at school
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 198Q 198
Penny was not terribly popular in elementary school. As an adult, she is:
A) Likely to be well-adjusted
B) Likely to have an eating disorder
C) Likely to experience depression
D) Likely to be a drug addict
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 199Q 199
Bullying, including cyberbullying, has become a big concern in schools, especially with the proliferation of social media. How is bullying related to abnormal behaviour?
A) Bullying clearly causes loneliness and depression
B) Adolescents who are lonely and depressed are easy targets for bullies
C) Bullies don't tend to discriminate - they pick on everyone
D) It's unclear whether bullying precedes or results from abnormal behaviour
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 200Q 200
In making general comments about cultures that could help clinicians be more cognizant of cultural differences, what must one be aware of to avoid stereotyping?
A) In order to offer the best mental health services possible, clinicians must learn the stereotypes relevant to the culture.
B) That individuals within a culture can be as different from each other as they are from another culture.
C) That stereotyping is a common occurrence and that it is only negative when people hold negative stereotypes.
D) None of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 201Q 201
What is the healthy immigrant effect?
A) Immigrants to Canada have a positive impact on society by adding to our nation's diversity
B) Immigrants to Canada tend to have higher rates of physical illness, but lower rates of mental illness
C) Immigrants to Canada tend to have lower rates of physical illness, but higher rates of mental illness
D) Immigrants to Canada tend to have lower rates of physical illness and lower rates of mental illness
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 202Q 202
How do French-speaking Canadians differ from English-speaking Canadians in terms of mental health problems?
A) French-Canadians have much higher prevalence of mental disorders.
B) French-Canadians have a much lower prevalence of mental disorders.
C) French-Canadians do not differ from English-Canadians in terms of prevalence of mental disorders.
D) French-Canadians are more likely to be diagnosed with depression.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 203Q 203
What was the impact of the "100-year experiment" on Aboriginal children in Canada where they were placed in residential schools?
A) Increased assimilation into the Anglo-Saxon culture.
B) Improvements in the IQ scores of Aboriginal children.
C) Loss of cultural identity and tradition for the Aboriginal people.
D) None of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 204Q 204
What is referred to by the '100-year experiment' conducted by the Canadian government?
A) The implementation of measures to assimilate all new immigrants to Canadian culture.
B) The placement of Aboriginal children in residential schools ran by the federal government.
C) The attempt to eliminate mental illness amongst Aboriginal children in Canada
D) The implementation of measures to assimilate all Aboriginal children to Canadian culture.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 205Q 205
When was the Indian Residential School Settlement reached and what does it include?
A) 2006; the amount of $2 billion in restitution and a Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
B) 2005; the amount of $50 million in restitution and a similar amount to the descendents.
C) 2002; the amount of $2 billion in restitution to the Aboriginal relatives and descendents.
D) None of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 206Q 206
In a study of the Cree Indians of James Bay, Kirmayer and his colleagues (2000) found the following to be protective factor(s) against mental illness:
A) Sending more time "in the bush."
B) Spending more time with children of various ethnic origins.
C) Having aspirations to pursue a career outside of the Cree community.
D) To be politically active within the larger community.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 207Q 207
In his study of the Cree of James Bay, Kirmayer and colleagues found that less distress was predicted by better:
A) Interpersonal relations
B) Economic status
C) Access to mental health care
D) None of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 208Q 208
What are the Hutterites and the Anabaptist sects of Manitoba known for?
A) They have the highest recorded rates of schizophrenia.
B) They have surprisingly low rates of mental disorders.
C) They present with symptoms of "Religious Hysteria."
D) Due to their isolation, they have remarkably high rates of suicide.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 209Q 209
As compared to other Canadians, Asian individuals are more reluctant to seek out professional help for their psychological distress. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why this is the case?
A) Asians tend to rely on family members when they experience psychological distress.
B) Asians believe that one should use willpower to resolve emotional problems.
C) Asians tend to describe psychological problems as somatic illnesses.
D) Asians prefer a structured and active approach to treatment of any problem.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 210Q 210
In their community sample of French-speaking Canadian adolescents, Elisa Romano and colleagues found that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was __________ than that reported for English-speaking adolescents.
A) far less
B) far more
C) slightly more
D) the same
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 211Q 211
"The healthy immigrant effect" refers to a Statistics Canada report in which recent immigrants were found to have lower rates of _______________ in comparison to Canadian-born citizens.
A) schizophrenia
B) personality disorders
C) anxiety
D) mental disorders
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 212Q 212
According to Reitmanova & Gustafson, 2009, barriers to mental health of visible minorities immigrating to St. John's, Newfoundland include:
A) Lack of family and social support; unemployment and low socio-economic status
B) Inability to speak English fluently; racial and ethnic inequality and discrimination
C) Lack of accessible mental health services; inability to speaking English fluently
D) Lack of freedom to practice cultural traditions; lack of accessible mental health services
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 213Q 213
Results of the survey conducted by the Greater Vancouver Mental Health Service Society found that mental health utilization was significantly lower among _____________ in comparison to English Canadians.
A) Indo Canadians
B) Asian Canadians
C) African Canadians
D) French Canadians
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 214Q 214
The primary barrier to accessing and using mental health services in Canada for Asian and Indo Canadians is:
A) Racial discrimination
B) Poor English language ability
C) Lack of knowledge regarding how to access services
D) Lack of transportation
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 215Q 215
The DSM explicitly indicates that clinicians should take cultural differences into account when making assessments and diagnosing:
A) Panic disorder
B) Social phobia
C) Separation anxiety disorder
D) Schizophrenia
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 216Q 216
The diathesis-stress paradigm emphasizes that abnormality results from:
A) Biology and the unconscious
B) Biology and stress
C) Physiology and biochemistry
D) Attachment and gestalt problems
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 217Q 217
Which of the following factors is an example of a diathesis according to the diathesis-stress model?
A) A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.
B) Socio-cultural pressure to be thin for eating disorders.
C) Negative cognitive set for depression.
D) All of the above.
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 218Q 218
Historically, a genetically determined diathesis is most likely to play a role in:
A) Depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Anxiety
D) Hysteria
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 219Q 219
The diathesis-stress and biopsychosocial paradigms:
A) Are both based on the notion that psychopathology is unlikely to result from any single factor
B) Are both not limited to a particular school of thought
C) Are integrative
D) All of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 220Q 220
A criticism of the biopsychosocial approach is that:
A) It fails to take into account resiliency factors
B) Psychological, biological, and social factors are included but interactions among these subsystems are not fully represented
C) The biopsychosocial paradigm is often restricted to a particular school of thought or paradigm when used to explain certain disorders
D) None of the above
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 221Q 221
According to the biopsychosocial model, one of the most powerful risk factors for psychological disorders is:
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Personality
C) Marital conflict
D) Abuse
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 222Q 222
The 2003 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect found that there was a _______% increase in child maltreatment over the past 5 years.
A) 5
B) 50
C) 125
D) 225
Free
Multiple Choice
Q 223Q 223
Describe a paradigm. Why is it important to adopt a paradigm in the study of abnormal psychology?
Free
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There is no answer for this question
Q 224Q 224
Compare three of the major paradigms in psychopathology. In comparing these paradigms, be sure to indicate how the perspectives may appear incompatible, as well as how each one is complementary.
Free
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Q 225Q 225
What is a neurotransmitter and how do they work? Name three neurotransmitters implicated in mental health and one disorder affiliated with each.
Free
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Q 226Q 226
Behavioural therapy and cognitive therapy have been unified, and now it is rare to hear of a mental health professional referring to him/herself as only adhering to one or the other paradigm. Discuss why it is sensible that these paradigms be united.
Free
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Q 227Q 227
What has been the important contribution of the psychoanalytic paradigm to psychopathology? What has been the major limitation?
Free
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Q 228Q 228
Do you think that providing people with unconditional positive regard and empathy are enough to help them recover from mental illness? Why or why not?
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Q 229Q 229
Which term is better to describing practicing from several theoretical orientations - eclecticism or integrative? Why?
Free
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Q 230Q 230
What are three different ways (identified in the text) that parents influence their child's mental health? Which do you think is the most significant; why?
Free
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Q 231Q 231
What are three of the reasons immigrants to Canada underutilize mental health care? How would you address these issues?
Free
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Q 232Q 232
How are the diathesis-stress and biopsychosocial paradigms similar? How are they different?
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