Quiz 30: Species Interactions and Community Ecology

What is a cleanser wrasse in the mouth of a potato cod an example of? A) trophic interaction B) mutualism C) neutral interaction D) coevolution

Which type of interaction is advantageous for one species, but has no effect on the other? A) predation B) parasitism C) mutualism D) commensalism

Which of the following refers to a panda bear that consumes a diet primarily of eucalyptus leaves? A) It is a primary consumer and a herbivore. B) It is a primary consumer and a carnivore. C) It is a herbivore and a primary producer. D) It is a carnivore and a primary producer.

Which relationship is most likely represented between oxpeckers eating ectoparasites causing no harm to the host, and the host itself? A) herbivorism B) parasitism C) mutualism D) commensalism

Which relationship is most likely represented between animal pollinators and their flowering plants? A) herbivorism B) parasitism C) mutualism D) commensalism

Which pair of organisms is a good example of commensalism? A) bacteria and legumes B) cattle egrets and cattle C) plants and pollinators D) tapeworms and pigs

Which of the following population interactions is advantageous to both populations? A) mutualism B) commensalism C) predation D) competition

Which of the following is classified as an endoparasite? A) a mosquito B) a leech C) a tapeworm D) an aphid

In the experiment involving bluegill sunfish and their choice of diet, what did the sunfish prefer when equal numbers of small, medium, and large Daphnia were present? A) medium Daphnia B) any size of Daphnia C) small Daphnia D) large Daphnia

How do pancake tortoises protect themselves from predators? A) They puff themselves up. B) They emit an undesirable scent. C) Their coloration serves as a disguise. D) They retreat into their shell.

The Monarch butterfly has an undesirable taste, and the Viceroy butterfly has a selective advantage because it looks like the Monarch. What process is this situation an example of? A) cryptic coloration B) Batesian mimicry C) aposematic coloration D) competitive exclusion principle

How is the grasshopper mouse able to consume the Eleodes longicollis beetle? A) It has cryptic coloration, so it is not noticed by the beetle. B) It is immune to the beetle's toxins. C) It avoids the beetle's undesirable secretions by burying the beetle's abdomen. D) It poisons the beetle first.

What is an ecotone? A) the combination of species in an environment that is constant B) a zone between two communities C) an example of an individualistic hypothesis D) a parasite that is external to the body

Suppose there are two forests. In the first forest, 39 of the 50 trees represent the dominant species. In the second forest, there are 2 of each of the 10 different species. What conclusion can be drawn regarding these two forests? A) The second forest must have had some human interference. B) The second forest is more diverse than the second. C) The first forest must have had some human interference. D) The amount of animal species in each forest would be the same.

Which trophic level would be best represented by a rabbit? A) secondary consumer B) decomposer C) detritivore D) primary consumer

What conclusion can be drawn regarding a community in which many species are involved in a food web? A) It is more stable because organisms have more than a single food source. B) It is more fragile because organisms have only a single food source. C) It is more fragile because organisms have more than a single food source. D) It is more stable because organisms have only a single food source.

Which sentence best summarizes the relationship between species richness and recovery from natural disturbances? A) Communities with more diversity recover more rapidly from natural disturbances. B) Communities with more diversity recover less rapidly from natural disturbances. C) Communities with more diversity do not recover from natural disturbances. D) Communities with less diversity recover more rapidly from natural disturbances.

What does the intermediate disturbance hypothesis suggest? A) Species richness is lowest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of moderate intensity. B) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing very frequent disturbances of moderate intensity. C) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of little intensity. D) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of moderate intensity.

Which hypothesis states that new species are prevented from entering a community by the existing species? A) the facilitation hypothesis B) the inhibition hypothesis C) the tolerance hypothesis D) the equilibrium theory of island biogeography

Which factor has the most effect on species' richness on an island? A) mainland size B) the type of species on the mainland C) distance from the mainland D) the type of species on the island

Elephants and some other large carnivores are species with few predators.

Caterpillars of monarch butterflies are immune to the cardiac glycosides in the dandelion leaves they eat.

In interference competition, two or more populations use the same limiting resource.

Allopatric species live in the same places.

Realized niches are larger than fundamental niches.

Sympatric species live in different places.

Mutualism is common between flowering plants and animal pollinators.

Mutualistic relationships between animal species are common.

The relationship between the bull's horn acacia tree and a species of small ants is a highly coevolved predation.

Endoparasites, such as tapeworms, live on their host.

In the 1960s, Robert Paine used removal experiments to evaluate the effects of predation by Pisaster.

Most gradient analyses point toward the individualistic view of communities.

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis says that species richness is least in a community that has moderate disturbances.

A tropical rain forest would most likely include vegetation that includes a canopy.

Put the stages of primary succession in their proper order. Start by writing the letter of the first stage next to number 1, and so on. A. bushes appear B. ferns and grasses become established C. glaciers retreat D. lichens erode rocks E. mosses appear F. soil is present G. trees are established first event _________ second event _________ third event _________ fourth event _________ fifth event _________ sixth event _________ seventh event _________

Put the following stages of secondary succession in the proper order. Start by writing the letter of the first stage next to the number 1, and so on. A. asters and broomsedges B. crabgrass C. hardwood trees D. horseweed E. pine seedlings F. ragweed G. shrubs first event _________ second event __________ third event __________ fourth event __________ fifth event __________ sixth event __________ seventh event __________

How do pitcher plants obtain nitrogen? Describe two examples.

Why are zebras striped?

Explain how it is possible that a porcupine can kill a leopard.

Define the competitive exclusion principle.

Explain the concept of ecological niche.

Compare fundamental and realized niche.

Explain when and why resource partitioning occurs.

All land-dwelling animals utilize oxygen for respiration, but does that make oxygen a limiting factor?

What is the difference between a decomposer and a detritivore? Provide an example of each.

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

What is the definition of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

What does the tolerance hypothesis assert?

What is the best way to investigate the effects of factors that influence populations?

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -species closely resembling another species

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -two or more species use the same limiting resource

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -defined by the resources used by a species and the conditions it requires

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -one organism feeds off of another organism, causing harm

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -the use of resources in different ways

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -one species derives benefits and the other is unaffected

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -situation where both species benefit

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -the sporting of a brightly contrasting, dangerous-looking pattern

Match each description to the appropriate term. a.aposematic coloration b.commensalism c.ecological niche d.exploitative competition e.interference competition f.mimicry g.mutualism h.parasitism i.resource partitioning -one species harms organisms of another species

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -one population benefits while the other is unaffected

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -one population obtains energy from plants; plants are destroyed

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -one population obtains energy from animals; animals are killed

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -one population obtains energy; the other is damaged (usually not killed)

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -both populations benefit

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell. a.carnivory b.herbivory c.competition d.commensalism e.mutualism f.parasitism -both populations may be at a disadvantage

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -quaternary consumers

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -primary producers

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -primary consumers

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -top carnivore

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -tertiary consumers

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web. -secondary consumers