Quiz 46: Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Which muscle type is found in the walls of body tubes and the cavities of vertebrates, such as blood vessels and the intestines? A) cardiac muscle B) smooth muscle C) skeletal muscle D) branched muscle

How deep may loons dive while foraging? A) about 20 metres B) about 50 metres C) about 60 metres D) about 80 metres

How many nuclei do skeletal muscle cells have, and what controls them? A) many nuclei; the somatic nervous system B) many nuclei; the autonomic nervous system C) one nucleus each; the autonomic nervous system D) one nucleus each; the somatic nervous system

How many skeletal muscles are in a typical human body? A) over 600 B) about 200 C) about 160 D) fewer than 100

What is the name of the cords of connective tissues that connect skeletal muscles to bones? A) muscle fibres B) myofibrils C) sarcomeres D) tendons

What is the diameter of muscle fibres? A) less than 5 micrometres B) 5 to 10 micrometres C) 10 to 100 micrometres D) more than 100 micrometres

What is the name of the cylindrical contractile elements that are about 1 mm in diameter and which individual skeletal muscle cells are packed with? A) ligaments B) tendons C) myofibrils D) sarcomeres

What are the A bands in skeletal muscle composed of? A) stacked, thick filaments along with parts of thin filaments that overlap both ends B) discs to which thin filaments are anchored C) discs to which thick filaments are anchored D) thin filaments but no thick filaments

Which molecules compose parallel bundles of thick filaments? A) tropomyosin molecules B) myosin molecules C) actin molecules D) acetylcholine molecules

What are the H zones in skeletal muscles composed of? A) thick filaments but no thin filaments B) discs to which thin filaments are anchored C) discs to which thick filaments are anchored D) stacked, thick filaments along with parts of thin filaments that overlap both ends

What are the I bands in skeletal muscles composed of? A) discs to which thick filaments are anchored B) thick filaments but no thin filaments C) thin filaments but no thick filaments D) stacked, thick filaments along with parts of thin filaments that overlap both ends

What is the region between two adjacent Z lines? A) a myofibril B) a sarcomere C) a muscle fibre D) a ligament

Which of the following is a system of vesicles that wraps around each A band and I band, and stores ions that are used in muscle contractions? A) a neuromuscular junction B) the microvillus C) the sarcoplasmic reticulum D) the Golgi apparatus

What are the Z lines in skeletal muscles composed of? A) stacked thick filaments along with parts of thin filaments that overlap both ends B) discs to which thin filaments are anchored C) thin filaments but no thick filaments D) thick filaments but no thin filaments

In a skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following acts to allow the crossbridge cycle to occur when it flows into the cytosol through open ion channels? A) ATP B) acetylcholine C) tropomyosin D) Ca²⁺

In a skeletal muscle contraction, which neurotransmitter is released at the axon terminal to trigger an action potential in the muscle cell? A) acetylcholine B) tropomyosin C) Ca²⁺ D) troponin

In a skeletal muscle contraction, what must be moved to the grooves in the actin double helix to uncover the crossbridge binding site? A) tropomyosin B) ATP C) troponin D) acetylcholine

What action causes the shape change in the myosin crossbridge that directly triggers the power stroke in skeletal muscle contraction? A) binding of tropomyosin to myosin B) binding of troponin to tropomyosin C) binding of tropomyosin to actin D) binding of myosin to actin

In which ion would a defect in transport have the most direct effect on muscle contraction? A) Na⁺ B) Ca²⁺ C) Zn²⁺ D) K⁺

In a skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following undergoes a conformational change when it binds to a specific ion and then uncovers the crossbridge binding site by causing another factor to be moved to the grooves in the actin double helix? A) ATP B) Ca²⁺ C) acetylcholine D) troponin

What is the name of the bundles of elongated, cylindrical cells that make up skeletal muscles? A) tendons B) muscle fibres C) sarcomeres D) myofibrils

In skeletal muscle contraction, what binds to myosin? A) ATP B) Ca²⁺ C) troponin D) acetylcholine

Why does the frozen contraction of muscle cells, called rigor mortis, occur after death? A) because ions are not available in muscle cells B) because ATP production stops C) because neurotransmitters are no longer released D) because tropomyosin breaks down quickly

Which of the following refers to a single, weak contraction of a muscle fibre? A) an action potential B) fatigue C) constriction D) a muscle twitch

Which term refers to a muscle contraction where fibres cannot relax at all between stimuli? A) a muscle twitch B) constriction C) tetanus D) an action potential

Which fibres have a high myoglobin content? A) fast muscle fibres and fast anaerobic muscle fibres B) slow muscle fibres and slow aerobic muscle fibres C) fast muscle fibres and fast aerobic muscle fibres D) slow muscle fibres and fast aerobic muscle fibres

What is the main role of myoglobin in muscle fibres? A) to enhance the strength of the power stroke B) to magnify responses to neurotransmitters C) to store oxygen D) to synthesize ATP

What is a motor unit? A) a group of muscle fibres activated by one neuron B) the complete set of muscle fibres in a single muscle C) a single muscle fibre activated by one neuron D) a single sarcomere

Which of the following would be involved in a rapid, powerful movement of short duration that could NOT be sustained for long? A) mainly slow aerobic fibres B) mainly fast aerobic fibres C) mainly slow muscle fibres D) mainly fast anaerobic fibres

How are the tube feet of sea stars, the erectile tissue of the penis in vertebrates, and the bodies of cnidarians supported? A) by only non-skeletal structures B) by a hydrostatic skeleton C) by an exoskeleton D) by an endoskeleton

How are the bodies of arthropods supported? A) mainly by an endoskeletons B) mainly by an exoskeleton C) mainly by a hydrostatic skeleton D) mainly by non-skeletal structures

How is the body of humans and most vertebrates supported? A) primarily by an endoskeleton B) primarily by an exoskeleton C) primarily by joined exo- and endoskeletons D) primarily by a hydrostatic skeleton

Which skeletons are the ribs and sternum considered to be a part of? A) the appendicular skeleton and the exoskeleton B) the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton C) the exoskeleton and axial skeleton D) the axial skeleton and the endoskeleton

What is the primary source of new red blood cells in mammals? A) the bone marrow B) the heart C) the spleen D) the blood itself

What does bone provide the blood with? A) phosphate and calcium ions B) magnesium and phosphate ions C) carbon dioxide and sodium D) sodium and magnesium ions

Which skeletons are the radius and ulna considered to be a part of? A) the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton B) the axial and endoskeleton C) the appendicular and endoskeleton D) the exoskeleton and appendicular

How are synovial joints held together? A) by sarcomeres B) by ligaments C) by muscle fibres D) by myofibrils

What kind of joint is the human elbow an example of? A) a flexible joint B) a fibrous joint C) a cartilaginous joint D) a synovial joint

Which term refers to joints that are usually highly moveable, and that have a fluid-filled capsule of connective tissue surrounding them? A) fibrous joints B) synovial joints C) flexible joints D) cartilaginous joints

Which joints have bones joined by stiff fibres of connective tissue and are essentially immobile? A) fibrous joints B) flexible joints C) cartilaginous joints D) synovial joints

Which term refers to the joints that are somewhat moveable, but do NOT have a fluid-filled capsule surrounding them, and that have fibrous connective tissue covering the ends of the bones involved? A) synovial joints B) flexible joints C) cartilaginous joints D) fibrous joints

What kind of joints hold cranial bones together? A) flexible joints B) synovial joints C) cartilaginous joints D) fibrous joints

What kind of joints hold human vertebrae together? A) synovial joints B) fibrous joints C) cartilaginous joints D) flexible joints

Which term refers to a pair of muscles that cooperatively cause any type of movement? A) agonistic pair B) antagonistic pair C) pair of extensors D) pair of depressors

Which term refers to a muscle that increases the angle between two bones at a joint? A) flexor B) depressor C) agonist D) extensor

Which term refers to a muscle that decreases the angle between two bones at a joint? A) antagonist B) flexor C) extensor D) depressor

Which term refers to a muscle that has the opposite effect to that of another muscle at the same joint? A) depressor B) extensor C) flexor D) antagonist

Which of the following is an antagonist muscle pair in humans? A) calf and gluteus maximus B) hamstring and biceps C) biceps and triceps D) deltoid and pectoral

Match each molecule with its description. a.molecules that form a twisted double helix that makes up most of the thin filaments b.neurotransmitters involved in muscle cell contraction c.molecules that block the crossbridge binding sites when the muscle is not contracting d.molecules that make up thick filaments e.molecules that bind to Ca²⁺, change their shape, and then uncover the crossbridge binding sites -actin

Match each molecule with its description. a.molecules that form a twisted double helix that makes up most of the thin filaments b.neurotransmitters involved in muscle cell contraction c.molecules that block the crossbridge binding sites when the muscle is not contracting d.molecules that make up thick filaments e.molecules that bind to Ca²⁺, change their shape, and then uncover the crossbridge binding sites -troponin

Match each molecule with its description. a.molecules that form a twisted double helix that makes up most of the thin filaments b.neurotransmitters involved in muscle cell contraction c.molecules that block the crossbridge binding sites when the muscle is not contracting d.molecules that make up thick filaments e.molecules that bind to Ca²⁺, change their shape, and then uncover the crossbridge binding sites -myosin

Match each molecule with its description. a.molecules that form a twisted double helix that makes up most of the thin filaments b.neurotransmitters involved in muscle cell contraction c.molecules that block the crossbridge binding sites when the muscle is not contracting d.molecules that make up thick filaments e.molecules that bind to Ca²⁺, change their shape, and then uncover the crossbridge binding sites -tropomyosin

Match each molecule with its description. a.molecules that form a twisted double helix that makes up most of the thin filaments b.neurotransmitters involved in muscle cell contraction c.molecules that block the crossbridge binding sites when the muscle is not contracting d.molecules that make up thick filaments e.molecules that bind to Ca²⁺, change their shape, and then uncover the crossbridge binding sites -acetylcholine

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -low oxidative phosphorylation capacity

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -intermediate glycogen content

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -red fibre colour

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -slow contraction speed

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -low myoglobin content

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -high myosin-ATPase activity

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -high contraction intensity

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -many mitochondria

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -intermediate fatigue resistance

Match each characteristic with a muscle fibre type. Each muscle fibre type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.slow b.fast aerobic c.fast anaerobic d.both slow and fast aerobic e.both fast aerobic and fast anaerobic -high fatigue resistance

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -femur

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -humerus

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -facial bones

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -sternum

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -phalanges

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -vertebrae

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -scapula

Match each bone type with a skeleton type. Each skeleton type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. a.axial skeleton b.appendicular skeleton c.both the axial and the appendicular skeleton d.neither the axial nor the appendicular skeleton -cranial bones