Quiz 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose needs of the brain.

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.

Under special circumstances, a nonessential amino acid can become essential.

Starvation incurs the waste of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of certain cancers than the general population.

Several nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Some foods are so high in acid that they can make the acid in the stomach even stronger.

Protein-energy undernutrition is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

Most people in Canada would find it next to impossible to meet their protein requirements.

The growth of well-fed vegan children falls within normal ranges as long as they consume ample energy from food.

For most exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

Under conditions of inadequate energy or carbohydrate, protein use slows down.

Children who follow a vegan diet may have slightly higher protein requirements than the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations for the general meat-eating population.

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all offer energy, but protein also offers which of the following elements? A)oxygen B)hydrogen C)nitrogen D)carbon

Which of the following behaviours can help athletes achieve bigger muscles? A)exercising rigorously B)consuming amino acid supplements C)ingesting creatine D)eating excess protein from food

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, adults consume approximately what percentage of their total Calories from protein? A)13 B)15 C)17 D)19

When amino acids are broken down for energy, they may then be incorporated by the liver into what substance? A)bile B)chyme C)glucose D)urea

Which food item can be made into a source of textured vegetable protein? A)legumes B)mushrooms C)soybeans D)red peppers

Which food item contains limited protein content? A)kidney beans B)yogurt C)baked potato D)eggs

What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule? A)gender B)body size C)age D)heredity

Which symptom would a child with marasmus exhibit? A)dry, thin, and wrinkled skin B)edema C)skin lesions D)slight weight loss

Which of the following components is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically? A)enzyme B)collagen C)antibody D)hormone

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes which of the following factors into account? A)the quality of food protein B)the length of time for the protein to break down C)how well the protein supports weight gain D)the number of amino acids in a food

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail? A)dehydration B)edema C)diabetes D)acidosis

Which substance protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach? A)saliva B)mucus C)enzymes D)antibodies

Which of the following food items provides all the essential amino acids? A)brown rice B)natural peanut butter C)poached egg D)wheat bran

Which of the following electrolytes is concentrated inside the body's cells? A)magnesium B)potassium C)sodium D)chloride

Which of the following conditions can cause denaturation of proteins? A)size of the protein chain B)cold temperatures C)heat exposure D)sunlight

What type of protein does the body's immune system need to manufacture in order to fight influenza and develop immunity? A)antibodies B)antigens C)hemoglobin D)lipoproteins

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total Calories? A)5 B)10 C)15 D)20

How many amino acids are considered indispensable/essential? A)5 B)7 C)9 D)13

Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)? A)soybean protein B)pea flour C)kidney beans D)tuna

Which term refers to the chronic Calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat? A)kwashiorkor B)marasmus C)dysentery D)protein-Calorie malnutrition

Which cooking method would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein? A)grilling B)frying C)boiling D)baking

For which of the following vitamins is the amino acid tryptophan the starting material? A)niacin B)thiamin C)folate D)vitamin C

Based on the body's priority system, what protein tissues are dismantled first? A)blood B)heart C)kidney D)liver

Which of the following vitamins is typically lacking in a poorly planned vegetarian diet? A)vitamin A B)vitamin C C)vitamin D D)vitamin K

In determining its recommendation for daily protein intake needs, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee made use of studies related to what topic? A)mutual supplementation B)glycemic index C)food insecurity D)nitrogen balance

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, a healthy adult's intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight? A)0.5 grams per kilogram B)0.8 grams per kilogram C)1.0 grams per kilogram D)1.5 grams per kilogram

Which food item is considered a source of vitamin B₁₂ but may also contribute to toxic levels of iodine in the body? A)tofu B)mushrooms C)seaweed D)bean sprouts

The DRI committee recommends that iron intake for vegetarians be adjusted upward by what amount in comparison to the general population? A)1.4 B)1.6 C)1.8 D)2.0

Which type of vegetarian diet can result in malnutrition and even death? A)macrobiotic diet B)fruitarian diet C)partial vegetarian diet D)vegan diet

Which group of people is susceptible to losing more nitrogen than they are taking in? A)lactating women B)growing children C)surgery patients D)pregnant women

From which of the following essential amino acids does the body make tyrosine? A)lysine B)threonine C)leucine D)phenylalanine

Which situation is an example of wasting amino acids? A)overconsumption of dietary fibre B)overabundance of protein intake C)dietary protein choices are high quality D)excess overall energy intake

Animal proteins provide more of which nutrient in comparison to plant-based proteins? A)complex carbohydrate B)water-soluble vitamins C)nonessential amino acids D)saturated fat

What was the most consumed protein source by Canadians in 2015? A)eggs B)dairy products C)poultry D)red meat

Which part of the body absorbs single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides? A)colon B)gallbladder C)stomach D)small intestine

Which amino acid is responsible for the production of the brown pigment known as melanin? A)proline B)cysteine C)tyrosine D)glutamine

Which statement best describes the impact that protein consumption has on the body? A)Animal-based protein diets help to lower the risk for hypertension. B)A lacto-ovo vegetarian diet poses a challenge during critical times of life. C)High intakes of poultry and fish increase risk for colon cancer. D)Body weight increases as meat consumption increases.

Which term best describes an individual who excludes poultry meat from the diet? A)a pollo-vegetarian B)an ovo-vegetarian C)a lacto-vegetarian D)a pesco-vegetarian

Which food category provides amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body? A)legumes B)animal proteins C)vegetables D)grains

Which vitamin is provided by meat but is insufficient in plant-based diets? A)vitamin B₁₂ B)vitamin A C)riboflavin D)vitamin D

Which term refers to an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea, which further depletes minerals from the body? A)dysentery B)dehydration C)diphtheria D)dyspepsia

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison? A)The metal taste of the poison is removed by consuming milk. B)Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison safely. C)Calcium in milk will render the poison harmless from damaging the body. D)The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on protein tissues of the body.

Which of the following health conditions is a hereditary amino acid disorder? A)sickle cell disease B)hemophilia C)kwashiorkor D)diabetes

How much protein per meal is needed to stimulate protein synthesis? A)5-10 grams B)10-15 grams C)15-20 grams D)20-25 grams

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein depends on which of the following factors? A)gender B)body weight C)food source D)height

What does protein turnover mean for the body? A)maintaining electrolyte balance B)building antibodies C)ingesting protein-rich foods D)replacing worn-out cells

Your friend avoids acidic foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach. What information would you give her in response to that belief? A)Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach. B)She needs to see her doctor about producing more mucus to line her stomach. C)The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job. D)No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk of harm from taking self-prescribed amino acid supplements? A)all smokers B)a middle-aged man C)a post-menopause woman D)a male university student

Which of the following meals is an example of mutual supplementation? A)oatmeal with brown sugar B)rice and black-eyed peas C)roast chicken and ribs D)cheese omelette

Which symptom is representative of kwashiorkor disease? A)enlarged, fatty liver B)normal or impaired appetite C)severe weight loss D)impaired protein absorption

Purified sources of protein cause which nutrient to be spilled from the urine? A)phosphorus B)sodium C)calcium D)magnesium

What accounts for the differences between amino acids? A)the side chain B)the nitrogen chain C)the acid group D)the amine group

Which of the following amino acids is considered conditionally indispensable? A)glutamine B)valine C)tryptophan D)alanine

Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth? A)insulin B)collagen C)enzymes D)hemoglobin

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds? A)34 grams B)49 grams C)65 grams D)144 grams

Which food plant is so efficient at trapping nitrogen in soil that farmers often use this crop to fertilize fields? A)potato B)corn C)quinoa D)soybean

What is the name for the large globular protein molecule packed inside red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body? A)homocysteine B)oxydologen C)transferrin D)hemoglobin

What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein? A)sulphate B)denatured C)acidic D)peptide

Which vitamin assists with the absorption of iron from plant-based foods? A)thiamin B)vitamin C C)vitamin E D)niacin

What medical condition results from an excess of acid in the blood? A)alkalinity B)alkalosis C)acidosis D)acid-base imbalance

What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid-base balance in the blood? A)hormones B)buffers C)electrolytes D)enzymes

What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids? A)converts them to glycogen or fat B)removes them and excretes their acid groups C)makes excess nitrogen D)stores them until they are needed

Which term best describes an individual who excludes animal flesh, seafood, and eggs, but who consumes dairy products, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts? A)vegan B)lacto-vegetarian C)fruitarian D)ovo-vegetarian

According to the Vegetarian Food Guide Rainbow, what constitutes one serving of cooked beans, peas, or lentils? A)1/2 cup (125 mL) B)1 cup (250 mL) C)1 1/2 cups (375 mL) D)2 cups (500 mL)

In North America, which of the following groups has a high rate of protein-energy malnutrition? A)school children B)AIDS patients C)bulimia nervosa sufferers D)adults with kidney disease

Why might vegetarians be expected to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians?

Explain how proteins help to regulate the quantity of fluids in the compartments of the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

Describe the relationship between vegetarian diets and the risk of cancer.

Identify reasons some consumers take amino acid supplements and what current research has identified about taking these supplements.

Explain the role of protein in the clotting of blood to prevent dangerous blood loss.

Describe and differentiate between the causes and symptoms of marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Discuss the risks associated with overconsumption of protein.

Describe the advantages and limitations of consuming legumes as meat alternates.

Describe factors that influence the digestibility of protein.