Question 1

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.
A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Accepted Answer

During the sensorimotor stage, which is the first of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development, infants experience the world through their senses and actions (such as looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping). This stage typically lasts from birth to about 2 years of age.

Question 2

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
A) biology
B) environment and culture
C) genetics
D) sexual preference

Accepted Answer

Nurture refers to the influence of environmental factors and culture on an individual's development, contrasting with "nature," which refers to biological and genetic factors.

Question 3

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.
A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Accepted Answer

During the concrete operational stage, which occurs from about 7 to 11 years of age, children gain a better understanding of mental operations. They begin to think logically about concrete events but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts. This stage is characterized by the development of logical thought concerning tangible objects, the understanding of the principle of conservation, and the ability to perform mathematical operations.

Question 4

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.
A) accommodation
B) egocentrism
C) assimilation
D) centration

Accepted Answer

Ainsley is demonstrating assimilation by incorporating new information (cars) into her existing schema (trucks) without altering the schema. She recognizes the similarity between cars and trucks and categorizes them together, which is a hallmark of assimilation.

Question 5

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?
A) egocentrism
B) object permanence
C) reversibility
D) stranger anxiety

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Madeline's ability to know the cookie is still under the napkin despite not being able to see it directly indicates she has developed this cognitive skill.

Question 6

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.
A) experiments
B) case studies
C) naturalistic observations
D) surveys

Accepted Answer

Surveys are the most appropriate method for Emily to use in her doctoral paper, as they allow for the collection of self-reported data from individuals about their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs over a specified period, in this case, 10 years.

Question 7

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.
A) milestones
B) norms
C) markers
D) boundaries

Accepted Answer

Developmental milestones are age-specific targets that most children reach by a certain age, such as walking, talking, or being able to feed themselves. These milestones help track the progress of a child's physical, emotional, or social development.

Question 8

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?
A) autonomy vs. shame/doubt
B) identity vs. confusion
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) trust vs. mistrust

Accepted Answer

The primary developmental task for infants, according to Erikson's theory, is developing trust versus mistrust. This stage emphasizes the importance of caregivers' responsiveness to their infants' needs, which helps infants develop a sense of trust in the world around them.

Question 9

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.
A) continuous
B) unidirectional
C) discontinuous
D) bidirectional

Accepted Answer

Development that proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring is described as discontinuous. This means that development includes phases of rapid growth and phases of slower growth or stability, rather than a smooth, continuous progression.

Question 10

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development that includes eight stages, each characterized by a specific crisis that individuals must resolve to develop healthy personalities.

Question 11

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) identity vs. guilt
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) integrity vs. despair

Accepted Answer

The primary developmental task for individuals after age 65, according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial model of development, is "integrity vs. despair." This stage involves reflecting on one's life and accomplishments, leading to feelings of fulfillment and integrity if one believes their life was well-lived, or despair if they regret how their life was lived.

Question 12

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
A) Categories
B) Cognitions
C) Prototypes
D) Schemata

Accepted Answer

Schemata are mental models or frameworks that help individuals organize and interpret information, allowing them to categorize and understand new information based on existing knowledge.

Question 13

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.
A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) identity vs. confusion
C) isolation vs. intimacy
D) trust vs. mistrust

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that during adolescence (ages 12-18), individuals face the crisis of identity vs. confusion. This stage emphasizes the development of a personal identity and a sense of self. Successful navigation of this stage leads to a strong sense of identity, while failure results in confusion about one's role in society.

Question 14

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Jean Piaget
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development, which include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.

Question 15

Which of the following illustrates conservation?
A) Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesn't know the value of either coin by itself.
B) Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesn't realize that he is wasting water that way.
C) Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesn't think they can be recycled.
D) Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Accepted Answer

Scott's understanding that a piece of pizza remains the same amount regardless of how many slices it is cut into illustrates the concept of conservation, which is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.

Question 16

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
A) Artistic
B) Cognitive
C) Emotional
D) Psychosocial

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development encompasses the growth and change in mental skills such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Question 17

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
A) cognitive capacity
B) environment and culture
C) genes and biology
D) language acquisition

Accepted Answer

Nature in the nature vs. nurture debate refers to the biological and genetic predispositions that influence human behavior, contrasting with nurture, which involves environmental and cultural influences.

Question 18

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?
A) conservation
B) egocentrism
C) abstract thought
D) reversibility

Accepted Answer

Jory's reasoning exemplifies egocentrism, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Egocentrism is the inability to differentiate between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective. Jory assumes his mother will like what he likes because he cannot see the situation from her point of view.

Question 19

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.
A) accommodation
B) assimilation
C) seriation
D) reversibility

Accepted Answer

Accommodation occurs when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas. In this scenario, Gordon modifies his schema for apples to accommodate the new information about tomatoes, thus creating a separate schema for tomatoes.

Question 20

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?
A) conventional
B) formal operational
C) post-conventional
D) pre-conventional

Accepted Answer

Elroy's decision is based on avoiding punishment and the direct consequences to himself, which aligns with the pre-conventional level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development. This level is characterized by an individual's reasoning that is based on personal consequences rather than societal rules or ethical principles.

Quiz 9: Lifespan Development

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?