Question 1

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.
A) evolutionary
B) limited resources
C) set point
D) Yerkes-Dodson

Accepted Answer

The set point theory suggests that each person's body has a genetically determined range of weight and temperature that their body will try to maintain to stay at optimal health. This theory explains why it can be difficult for some people to lose or gain weight, as their bodies resist deviating from this "set point."

Question 2

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves.
A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) esteem
D) power

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) affiliation. This is because the need for affiliation refers to the desire to belong to a group or to be socially connected to others, which aligns with the behaviors described such as friending people on social media, joining clubs, and spending time with others.

Question 3

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?
A) It has guaranteed that recipients will eventually reach their ideal weight.
B) It is impossible to use set point theory to predict anything about the results of bariatric surgery.
C) It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.
D) It will result in successful weight loss for men but not for women because men have a lower set point.

Accepted Answer

Set point theory suggests that the body has a certain weight range that it naturally tries to maintain. When significant weight loss occurs, such as through bariatric surgery, the body may resist this change and attempt to return to its original weight, making long-term weight loss challenging. This theory does not guarantee reaching an ideal weight, predict outcomes based on gender, or claim unpredictability in outcomes.

Question 4

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun-she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.
A) drive-reduction
B) hierarchical
C) heuristic
D) overjustification

Accepted Answer

The overjustification effect occurs when an external incentive like money decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task, as they now attribute their actions to the external reward rather than the inherent enjoyment of the activity.

Question 5

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.
A) a habit
B) a motivation
C) an instinct
D) homeostasis

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of a habit, which is a pattern of behavior that we engage in regularly, often without conscious thought or intention.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?
A) Judd does not believe that he is good at math.
B) Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.
C) Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities.
D) Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Naomi's belief that she can successfully complete law school is a direct example of self-efficacy, as it reflects her confidence in her own capabilities to achieve a specific goal.

Question 7

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
A) esteem
B) physiological
C) security
D) self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Esteem needs represent the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, encompassing self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence.

Question 8

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.
A) emotion
B) habit
C) drive
D) motivation

Accepted Answer

The sentence describes motivation, which refers to the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. Otto's behavior of studying every night is directed by his goal to become a school psychologist, illustrating motivation.

Question 9

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?
A) We become accustomed to boredom and learn to enjoy it.
B) We become accustomed to excitement and learn to enjoy it.
C) When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.
D) When we are sleepy we should sleep; when we are hungry we should eat.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that people seek an optimal level of arousal, which means they look for excitement when bored and seek calmness when overstimulated. This is reflected in choice C, where it mentions seeking excitement when bored and wishing for peace when overexcited.

Question 10

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
A) acceptance
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) security

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy, are the most basic human needs, including food, water, shelter, and warmth.

Question 11

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades.
A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) intimacy
D) power

Accepted Answer

The need for achievement motivates individuals to accomplish challenging tasks and achieve high standards, which aligns with Mr. Blutarski's goal of completing a second PhD to add to his accolades.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?
A) dressing baby girls in the color pink
B) pulling on one's earlobe in response to stress or anxiety
C) infant rooting for a nipple
D) a smoker's love of nicotine

Accepted Answer

Infant rooting for a nipple is an instinctive behavior, as it is a natural, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by newborns to find their mother's breast for feeding.

Question 13

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?
A) after he has received some exciting news
B) after he is relaxed from finishing his daily meditation
C) during a period of tranquility
D) immediately after his calming afternoon nap

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that performance is optimal at moderate levels of arousal. Exciting news can increase arousal to a moderate level, enhancing performance.

Question 14

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?
A) babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee
B) dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment
C) jerking your hand back from a hot burner
D) mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn for free because he can't do it himself

Accepted Answer

A) Babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee is an example of extrinsic motivation because the action is motivated by an external reward (money) rather than by an internal desire or satisfaction.

Question 15

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.
A) biological; social
B) social; biological
C) aesthetic; esteem
D) esteem; aesthetic

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy of needs, as proposed by Abraham Maslow, starts with basic biological needs (such as food and shelter) and progresses through levels including safety, love/belonging (social needs), esteem, and culminates in self-actualization.

Question 16

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________.
A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

Mercy's behavior and beliefs align with anorexia nervosa, characterized by self-starvation, excessive exercise, and a distorted body image where the individual sees themselves as overweight despite being significantly underweight.

Question 17

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.
A) biological
B) extrinsic
C) instinct
D) intrinsic

Accepted Answer

Cici is motivated by intrinsic factors, as her decision is driven by internal satisfaction and the belief in doing the right thing, rather than external rewards or biological instincts.

Question 18

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?
A) An individual's belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task influences his ability to complete the task.
B) Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis.
C) Humans experience a spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization.
D) Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, which varies depending on the complexity of the task. For simple tasks, higher arousal levels can enhance performance, while for complex tasks, lower arousal levels are more conducive to good performance.

Question 19

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.
A) alignment
B) homeostasis
C) locus
D) neutral

Accepted Answer

Sweating and shivering are mechanisms of thermoregulation that help maintain the body's internal balance or homeostasis, particularly in response to changes in temperature.

Question 20

What is the main idea of drive theory?
A) achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate
B) deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs
C) deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave
D) failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition and deficits in memory and learning

Accepted Answer

Drive theory suggests that deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs, which in turn motivate us to take action to fulfill those needs and restore balance.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves.

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades.

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic needs to needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________.

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

What is the main idea of drive theory?