Question 1

Test-retest reliability refers to:

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability assesses the consistency of a measure over time by comparing the results of the same test administered to the same participants at two different points in time.

Question 2

A quick method of finding out the degree of customer satisfaction at a local supermarket would be through the use of:

Accepted Answer

A Likert scale is a quick and efficient method for measuring customer satisfaction, as it allows customers to express their level of satisfaction on a scale, typically ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." This method is straightforward and easy to analyze.

Question 3

Tambra needs to make sure that she has a representative sample for her master's thesis. She needs to ensure that her sample matches the national consensus data on gender and ethnicity for the local area. She needs 60% females and 45% White participants to appropriately represent these groups in her data. She is interested in which type of sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

Tambra is interested in stratified random sampling because this method involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) that share similar characteristics (in this case, gender and ethnicity) and then selecting a sample from each subgroup in proportions that match the overall population characteristics she aims to represent.

Question 4

Annmarie is completing a survey in her general psychology class and, based on the questions, she is pretty sure the test is measuring interest in risk taking. This would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

Face validity refers to the extent to which a test appears to measure what it's supposed to measure, based on its content. Since Annmarie can tell that the survey is about risk-taking just by looking at the questions, the survey has face validity in the context of measuring interest in risk-taking.

Question 5

A correlation full range includes _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

The full range of a correlation coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, is from -1.0 to 1.0. A value of -1.0 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship, 1.0 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship, and 0 indicates no linear relationship.

Question 6

Serina has decided to divide her research participants based on geographic region and then randomly sample from each respective geographic region. She is interested in which type of sampling procedure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Serina has decided to divide her research...

Question 7

It is extremely unlikely to get a(n) _____ of 100% when you send invites out to participants to complete a given survey.

Accepted Answer

A response rate of 100% is extremely unlikely because not all participants will typically respond to a survey invitation.

Question 8

The values for Cronbach's alpha range from:

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency or reliability of a psychometric instrument. It ranges from 0 to 1.0, where values closer to 1.0 indicate higher reliability.

Question 9

A correlation refers to:

Accepted Answer

A correlation specifically refers to a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables linearly relate to each other. This means it quantifies the degree to which changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable, without implying causation.

Question 10

A correlation coefficient is typically represented by:

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables, is typically represented by the letter "r".

Question 11

A researcher discovered that items on a scale did not measure what they were intended to measure. The scale, therefore, has an issue with:

Accepted Answer

Construct validity refers to whether a tool actually measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure. If items on a scale do not measure what they are supposed to, the issue lies with construct validity.

Question 12

Equivalent-form reliability is another name for:

Accepted Answer

Alternative-form reliability, also known as equivalent-form reliability, refers to the consistency of test scores across different versions of the same test, ensuring that various forms are equivalent in their measurement.

Question 13

Which question is an example of a closed-ended question?

Accepted Answer

Closed-ended questions are those that can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no" or have a limited set of possible answers. Option C, "Are you male or female?" is a closed-ended question because it has a limited set of possible answers.

Question 14

Ebonie is interested in measuring levels of anxiety at the same time she provides research participants a performance task. Ebonie is more concerned about a high criterion validity and therefore is interested in increasing which type of validity in her study?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent validity is a measure of how well a particular test correlates with a previously validated measure taken at the same time. Since Ebonie wants to measure levels of anxiety while providing a performance task, she is interested in ensuring that her measures of anxiety accurately reflect the participants' actual anxiety levels at that specific time. Increasing concurrent validity would ensure that her anxiety measurements are accurate and can be trusted to reflect true anxiety levels concurrent with the performance task.

Question 15

Carmine is conducting a study examining intelligence and respect for others. She has read through the literature and these two variables do not theoretically overlap. She wants to make sure that the measures she is using to examine each variable do not correlate with each other. What type of validity is she concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Carmine is concerned with discriminant validity, which assesses the extent to which measures of different constructs are unrelated or distinct from each other. In her case, she wants to ensure that the measures for intelligence and respect for others do not correlate, indicating they are measuring different constructs.

Question 16

A local high school held a workshop focused on preventing bullying behaviors. The school officials then sent out feedback forms to participants of the workshop to gain information about their experience. Approximately 12% of workshop participants mailed back the completed forms. The _____ was 12%.

Accepted Answer

The response rate refers to the percentage of people who respond to a survey or feedback request out of the total number of people who were asked to participate. In this context, the 12% of workshop participants who mailed back the completed forms represent the response rate.

Question 17

Reverse coding minimizes the potential for a(n):

Accepted Answer

Reverse coding is a technique used in surveys and questionnaires to minimize the effect of acquiescence bias, where respondents might agree with statements without considering them carefully. By reversing the scoring of some items, it encourages more thoughtful responses and reduces the tendency to agree with all items regardless of their content.

Question 18

If you wanted to determine if the scale you are using relates to other measures of theoretically similar variable then you would be interested in:

Accepted Answer

Convergent validity refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. This is exactly what is being described in the scenario where one wants to determine if the scale being used relates to other measures of a theoretically similar variable.

Question 19

A scoring strategy in which more negative response alternatives are assigned higher numerical values and more positive response alternatives are assigned lower numerical values is called:

Accepted Answer

Reverse-coding is a technique used in survey or questionnaire design where more negative response alternatives are assigned higher numerical values and more positive response alternatives are assigned lower numerical values. This is often done to ensure that all items are aligned in the same direction for analysis, especially when using Likert scales or similar rating systems.

Question 20

Lakeisha is unsure if her scores on the SAT will be an important determining factor in her academic success in college. She decides to research the subject. She is looking for evidence of:

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity refers to how well a test score can predict future performance or outcomes. In Lakeisha's case, she is interested in whether SAT scores can predict academic success in college, which is an example of predictive validity.

Quiz 7: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea