Quiz 12: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

A meta-analysis is a statistical strategy for comparing and integrating the results from _____ on _____. A) multiple studies; the same research question B) multiple studies; different research questions C) a single study; the same research question D) a single study; different research questions

Individuals who engage in restrictive eating behaviors, possess an intense fear of gaining weight, and focus on losing weight typically meet diagnostic criteria for: A) bulimia nervosa. B) anorexia nervosa. C) binge eating disorder. D) eating disorder NOS.

Dr. Clark has identified and coded over 200 studies examining gender differences in the workplace. Dr. Clark has coded these studies for a variety of variables and plans to analyze the data for trends over the last ten years. Dr. Clark is in the process of conducting: A) a case study. B) an experimental study. C) a meta-analysis. D) qualitative analysis.

A 2012 study which examined social cognition in females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa determined that: A) females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa had poor emotional functioning. B) females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa had higher emotional functioning. C) females who were not diagnosed with anorexia nervosa had poorer emotional functioning. D) females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa had impaired theory of mind.

A 2013 study conducted to examine the daily patterns of anxiety in those with anorexia nervosa had participants: A) record the frequency of exercise, body checking, and skipping meals only. B) record their anxiety levels and eating disorder behaviors six times throughout the day. C) weigh themselves six times a day and note their anxiety level each time. D) record their daily level of anxiety at the end of each day and note any eating disorder behaviors.

A 2005 study examined integrated psychodynamic therapy in treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Which treatment was integrated with psychodynamic therapy? A) dialectal behavior interventions B) cognitive-behavioral interventions C) gestalt interventions D) Rogerian interventions

Murphy and colleagues (2005) conducted a study examining psychodynamic therapy for females diagnosed with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. Twenty-one women (14 diagnosed with bulimia nervosa; 7 diagnosed with binge eating disorder) received: A) either 10 or 20 individual therapy sessions and were evaluated for symptom reduction at the end of treatment and three months post-treatment. B) 20 individual therapy sessions and were evaluated for symptom reduction at the end of treatment only. C) 40 individual therapy sessions and were evaluated for symptom reduction at the end of treatment only. D) between 20 or 40 individual therapy sessions and were evaluated for symptom reduction at three months and six months post-treatment.

Poulsen and colleagues (2014) conducted a randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. Participants randomly assigned to the psychoanalytic therapy group received: A) 20 weekly sessions. B) 40 weekly sessions. C) 1 year of weekly sessions. D) 2 years of weekly sessions.

A 2013 study examining the efficacy of family-based treatment for adolescents with eating disorders evaluated many studies in a review called a: A) meta-analysis. B) mixed design. C) single-blind procedure. D) double-blind procedure.

In a 2013 study examining the efficacy of family-based treatment for adolescents with eating disorders, a systematic review was conducted and found that: A) after 6 to 12 months following treatment, there was no difference in remission rates for those in family-based treatment and individual therapy. B) after 6 to 12 months following treatment, those who participated in individual therapy had higher remission rates than those in family-based treatment. C) after 6 to 12 months following treatment, those who participated in family-based treatment had higher remission rates than those in individual therapy. D) after 6 to 12 months following treatment, those who participated in family-based treatment had lower remission rates than those in individual therapy.

A 2013 study looking at enhanced cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with anorexia found that those who completed treatment displayed: A) improvement in weight and eating disorder psychopathology and were stable for 60 weeks. B) a deterioration in weight and eating disorder psychopathology and were not stable. C) improvement only in weight and were stable for 30 weeks. D) improvement in weight and an increase in eating disorder psychopathology and were not stable.

A 2014 randomized controlled trial examining psychoanalytic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa found that: A) psychoanalytic therapy was faster and more effective than cognitive behavioral treatment and more effective at reducing bulimic behaviors. B) cognitive behavioral therapy was slower but more effective than psychoanalytic treatment and more effective at reducing bulimic behaviors. C) cognitive behavioral therapy was faster and more effective than psychoanalytic treatment and more effective at reducing bulimic behaviors. D) cognitive behavioral therapy was faster than psychoanalytic treatment but less effective at reducing bulimic behaviors.

A 2005 study examined integrated psychodynamic therapy in treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder and found that: A) the frequency of bulimic behaviors were significantly reduced during treatment for both bulimia nervosa and binge eating disordered participants. B) the participants' BMIs fluctuated drastically throughout treatment. C) the frequency of bulimic behaviors significantly increased during treatment for bulimia nervosa participants. D) the frequency of bulimic behaviors significantly increased during treatment for binge eating disordered participants.

Researchers investigating eating disorders tend to look at _____ as these may precede eating disordered behaviors. A) parental arguments B) emotional triggers C) physical health complaints D) previous therapy treatments

According to the research presented in the text, approximately _____ young women are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. A) 1 out of every 1,000 B) 2 out of every 1,000 C) 3 out of every 1,000 D) 4 out of every 1,000

According to the research in the textbook, the death rate for eating disorders is _____ out of every 1,000 people. A) 5 B) 10 C) 100 D) 500

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is in what edition? A) 2^nd B) 3^rd C) 4^th D) 5^th

Who is responsible for writing and disseminating the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders? A) American Psychological Association B) American Psychiatric Association C) American Psychological Science D) American Psychological Monitor

Which of the following is NOT an identified feature in the DSM for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? A) significantly lower than medically expected body weight B) severe anxiety about weight gain C) the presence of amenorrhea D) distorted view of one's body weight and shape

What is the nickname for many pro-anorexia social media and websites? A) Pro-Ana B) Pro-Skinny C) Pro-Ex D) Pro-Recovery

According to a 2012 study examining pro-anorexia and pro-recovery websites, research found that: A) pro-anorexia users posted fewer pictures with tags referring to body image than pro-recovery users. B) pro-anorexia users posted more pictures with tags referring to body image than pro-recovery users. C) pro-recovery users posted fewer pictures overall. D) pro-anorexia users posted more pictures of themselves than pro-recovery users.

Dr. Wakes decides to study one individual's responses to stressful situations. The participant will act as both control and experiment. The general term for this type of design is: A) mixed design. B) repeated measures design. C) single-subject design. D) hybrid design.

A single-subject design is a special type of _____ using one participant or group to assess changes for that individual or group. A) within-subjects design B) between-subjects design C) factorial design D) hybrid design

Dr. Bowen is discussing the use of single-subject designs with her research lab students. One student asks, "How do you implement a control in single-subject designs?" Dr. Bowen responds: A) "There is a waiting-list control group." B) "The participant serves as their own control." C) "There is an empty control group." D) "There is a placebo group."

Dr. Cross is implementing an A-B design. Which of the following scenarios best describes an A-B design? A) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals and then reassesses anxiety. B) Dr. Cross introduces video clips of baby animals and then assesses anxiety levels. C) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety and then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed again. D) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety, then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed, followed by reintroduction of video clips of baby animals and assessment of anxiety levels.

The NIH is taking proposals for a new research grant they are bestowing. The NIH is particularly interested in research proposals that use an A-B design. Which of the follow research designs would be most appropriate for the grant? A) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and then requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. B) Research that requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. C) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and then participants are required to touch a public toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are reassessed. Then participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed again. D) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and requires participants to touch a public toilet seat, then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms, then the participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed, followed by reintroduction of touching the toilet seat and assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Dr. Marquez is lecturing to his class on single-subject designs. He notes that in an A-B design, the A phase represents the: A) experimental treatment. B) baseline measurement. C) conditional treatment. D) placebo treatment.

Dr. Marquez is lecturing to his class on single-subject designs. He noted that in an A-B design, the B phase represents the: A) experimental treatment. B) baseline measurement. C) conditional treatment. D) placebo treatment.

Newman is interested in using an A-B design for his thesis study examining behavioral interventions for emotion dysregulation. However, he makes an appointment with his mentor because he is confused as to which type of design an A-B study would be considered. Which of the following is the most appropriate description of an A-B design? A) between-subjects design B) within-subjects design C) factorial design D) hybrid design

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects an A-B design? A) A-B designs measure different variables with the same participant. B) A-B designs measure different variables with different participants. C) A-B designs measure the same variable with different participants. D) A-B designs measure the same variable with the same participant.

A _____ design is a special type of within-subjects design using one participant or group to assess changes within that individual or group. A) hybrid B) case study C) single-subject D) mixed

_____ is a single-subject design in which researchers take a baseline measurement and then introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again. A) An A-B-A design B) A single-blind procedure C) A mixed design D) An A-B design

The simplest single-subject design is the: A) A-B design. B) A-B-B-A design. C) A-B-A-B design. D) A-B-A design.

In order to establish a cause-and-effect relationship researchers need to administer a(n) _____ before the intervention. A) posttest measurement B) manipulation C) baseline measurement D) independent variable

Dr. Nadine wants to establish a _____ relationship, so she includes both a baseline measurement and a post-intervention measure. A) bi-directional B) factorial C) correlational D) cause-and-effect

Dr. Cross is implementing an A-B-A design. Which of the following scenarios best describes an A-B-A design? A) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals and then reassesses anxiety. B) Dr. Cross introduces video clips of baby animals and then assesses anxiety levels. C) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety and then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed again. D) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety, then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed, followed by reintroduction of video clips of baby animals and assessment of anxiety levels.

Dr. Cross is implementing an A-B-A-B design. Which of the following scenarios best describes an A-B-A-B design? A) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals and then reassesses anxiety. B) Dr. Cross introduces video clips of baby animals and then assesses anxiety levels. C) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety and then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed again. D) Dr. Cross assesses baseline anxiety and then introduces video clips of baby animals, then reassesses anxiety, then the video clips of baby animals are ceased and anxiety levels are assessed, followed by reintroduction of video clips of baby animals and assessment of anxiety levels.

The NIH is taking proposals for a new research grant they are bestowing. The NIH is particularly interested in research proposals that use an A-B-A design. Which of the follow research designs would be most appropriate for the grant? A) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and then requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. B) Research that requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. C) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and then participants are required to touch a public toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are reassessed. Then participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed again. D) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and requires participants to touch a public toilet seat, then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms, then the participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed, followed by reintroduction of touching the toilet seat and assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

The NIH is taking proposals for a new research grant they are bestowing. The NIH is particularly interested in research proposals that use an A-B-A-B design. Which of the follow research designs would be most appropriate for the grant? A) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and then requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. B) Research that requires participants to touch a public toilet seat and then assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms. C) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and then participants are required to touch a public toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are reassessed. Then participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed again. D) Research that assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms and requires participants to touch a public toilet seat, then reassesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms, then the participants are permitted to release the toilet seat and their obsessive-compulsive symptoms are assessed, followed by reintroduction of touching the toilet seat and assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects an A-B-A design? A) A-B-A designs measure the same variable with the same participant. B) A-B-A designs measure different variables with different participants. C) A-B-A designs measure the same variable with different participants. D) A-B-A designs measure different variables with the same participant.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects an A-B-A-B design? A) A-B-A-B designs measure different variables with different participants. B) A-B-A-B designs measure the same variable with the same participant. C) A-B-A-B designs measure the same variable with different participants. D) A-B-A-B designs measure different variables with the same participant.

In an A-B-A design, after removal of the intervention researchers are looking for _____; that is, whether the assessed levels of the dependent variable return to baseline after the intervention has been removed. A) a reversal in the effect B) stabilization in the effect C) randomization in the effect D) no change in the effect

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would _____ after the disaster assistance team left in this A-B-A design. A) increase B) decrease C) return to baseline D) regress to the mean

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. Dr. Soto is using which type of design? A) hybrid design B) factorial design C) A-B design D) A-B-A

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. What is the dependent variable in this A-B-A design? A) geographic area B) natural disaster C) disaster assistance team D) posttraumatic responses

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. What is the independent variable or intervention in this A-B-A design? A) geographic area B) natural disaster C) disaster assistance team D) posttraumatic responses

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. Dr. Soto wants to establish further evidence of covariation by showing that the participants' behavior systematically changes when disaster assistance is available and when it is removed. Which of the following designs would help further Dr. Soto's conclusion of causality? A) mixed design B) A-B-A design C) factorial design D) A-B-A-B design

Coren notes that an A-B-A design helps establish _____ by showing that behavior systematically changes based on the introduction and removal of treatment. A) association B) covariation C) correlation D) causality

Dr. Winston referenced several notable limitations of single-subject designs. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of single-subject designs? A) no control group B) lack of statistical power C) lack of internal validity D) lack of external validity

_____ is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again, then remove the intervention and take another measurement. A) A-B design B) A-B-B-A design C) A-B-A-B design D) A-B-A design

_____ is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention, remove the intervention, and then reintroduce the intervention, measuring the dependent variable each time. A) A-B design B) A-B-B-A design C) A-B-A-B design D) A-B-A design

An A-B-A design is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again, then remove _____ and take another measurement. A) the dependent variable B) the intervention C) the manipulation D) the independent variable

An A-B-A-B design is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention, remove the intervention, and then reintroduce the intervention, measuring the _____ each time. A) dependent variable B) independent variable C) manipulation D) baseline measurement

A 2013 study examining the administration of hypnosis to golf professionals for a period of 7 days to improve their golf score found: A) that hypnosis intervention worsened golf performance. B) that hypnosis intervention did not improve golf performance. C) an overall improvement in performance per mean number of strokes during the intervention phase. D) an overall improvement in performance per mean number of strokes during the baseline measurement.

Tatiana wants to conduct a study on how reading influences public speaking ability. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism? A) a debate class B) a research laboratory C) a science class D) a library

Ranya wants to conduct a study on how video gaming affects cognitive flexibility in a controlled setting. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism? A) a debate class B) a research laboratory C) a gamer's basement D) a library

Elbert wants to conduct a study on how motivational self-talk impacts athletic performance during a game. Which of the following be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism? A) a prenatal unit B) a nursing home C) a baseball game D) a library

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor, but only one level of the: A) hybrid factor. B) between-subjects factor. C) interaction effect. D) main effect.

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the _____, but only one level of the between-subjects factor. A) hybrid factor B) dependent variable C) within-subjects factor D) main effect

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when they are using a mixed design, they are essentially using a(n) _____ with multiple independent variables. A) factorial design B) hybrid design C) A-B design D) experimental design

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when they are using a mixed design, they are essentially using a factorial design with multiple: A) independent variables. B) dependent variables. C) factors. D) control groups.

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT: A) two-group designs. B) multigroup designs. C) factorial designs. D) repeated measures designs.

All of the following are between-subjects designs, EXCEPT: A) two-group designs. B) multigroup designs. C) pretest-posttest designs. D) factorial designs.

All of the following includes a within-subjects design, EXCEPT: A) two-group designs. B) pretest-posttest designs. C) repeated measures designs. D) mixed designs.

All of the following are within-subjects designs, EXCEPT: A) pretest-posttest designs. B) factorial designs. C) repeated measures designs. D) mixed designs.

Dr. Winston referenced several notable limitations of between-subject designs. Which of the following is a weakness of between-subject designs? A) no random assignment to conditions B) lack of statistical power C) lack of internal validity D) lack of external validity

In an experimental study, random error due to individual differences can be reduced if a(n) _____ is implemented. A) A-B design B) within-subjects design C) between-subjects design D) hybrid design

In an experimental study, obtaining multiple measurements from each of the participants increases _____ in a within-subjects design. A) random error B) type I error C) power D) internal validity

The use of _____ in between-subjects designs increases internal validity. A) multiple measurements B) multiple participants C) random assignment D) controlled experiments

Kanisha is interested in determining whether having snow on Christmas makes people feel more interpersonal warmth. All of her participants completed a measure of interpersonal warmth prior to Christmas, and then completed the measure of interpersonal warmth following snow on Christmas. She is looking at whether there is a unique change in the participants' overall feelings of interpersonal warmth and socialization change as a result of experiencing a snowy holiday. Kanisha is using which type of methodology? A) within-subjects B) between-subjects C) hybrid design D) marginal design

Dr. Allaz explained that between-subjects designs have higher degrees of _____ because in real life people rarely get a sequence of treatments, but instead get access to one level of treatment. A) external validity B) internal validity C) content validity D) criterion validity

A mixed design is helpful in that it allows researchers to answer _____ research questions at the same time. A) two B) three C) four D) five

Dr. Irvin noted that within the same mixed design study, researchers can examine the impact of each _____ individually on the _____. A) dependent variable; independent variable B) independent variable; dependent variable C) nominal variable; ordinal variable D) independent variable; nominal variable

Dr. Marcus explains that waiting-list control groups are not always appropriate to implement even if it would help answer a set of hypotheses. Dr. Marcus notes that one of the major reasons that a waiting-list control group would not be appropriate for a study is: A) if it would be too costly to include a wait-list control group. B) if it would be unethical and potentially harmful to delay treatment to research participants. C) if there are not enough participants. D) if it would require too much time to carry out.

Dr. Hudson is examining the effect of treatment on Internet addiction. He has developed a new treatment program that uses both cognitive and behavioral factors to compete with the current behavioral-only treatment program. Dr. Hudson randomly assigns participants into conditional groups. Theo finds himself in a participant group that does not receive any type of intervention during the actual study, but is offered treatment 3 months after completion of the study. Theo was most likely in which type of group? A) placebo group B) waiting-list control group C) post-hoc group D) empty control group

Dr. Rivera is examining the effect of treatment on Internet addiction. He is comparing the additive effect of antidepressant, antianxiety, and sedative medications on the compulsion to use the Internet. Dr. Rivera randomly assigns participants into conditional groups. Theo believes he has been taking an antidepressant medication for the last 6 weeks; however, at the debriefing he learns he was taking a sugar pill. Theo was most likely in which type of group? A) placebo group B) waiting-list control group C) posthoc group D) empty control group

Researchers who use a waiting-list control group offer which kind of treatment following completion of the study? A) the most affordable treatment B) the best treatment available as determined by the research C) the swiftest treatment D) the most expensive treatment

Dr. Waters is examining gestalt therapy, acceptance commitment therapy, and dialectal behavior therapy in relation to anxiety symptom and depressive symptom reduction. Dr. Waters is using which type of design? A) factorial design B) hybrid design C) single-subject design D) meta-analysis

Dr. Waters is examining gestalt therapy, acceptance commitment therapy, and dialectal behavior therapy in relation to anxiety symptom and depressive symptom reduction. Dr. Waters is using which type of design? A) 2 × 3 mixed design B) 3 × 2 mixed design C) 3 × 3 mixed design D) 2 × 2 mixed design

Dr. Waters is examining gestalt therapy, acceptance commitment therapy, and dialectal behavior therapy in relation to anxiety symptom and depressive symptom reduction. Dr. Waters is testing _____ independent variable(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Waters is examining gestalt therapy, acceptance commitment therapy, and dialectal behavior therapy in relation to anxiety symptom and depressive symptom reduction. Dr. Waters is testing _____ dependent variable(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Russo noted that mixed design research mimics real life in that not only can _____ be tested, but _____ can also be tested, which is how variables relate in the real world. A) suppression effects; synergistic effects B) fatigue effects; practice effects C) expectancy effects; testing effect D) main effects; interaction effects

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Dr. Kraft is examining how many main effects based on this research study? A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Dr. Kraft is examining how many interaction effects based on this research study? A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Cunne is examining the effect of parental self-reported stress (mother only) and parental education on their child's academic performance. Dr. Cunne is examining how many main effects based on this research study? A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Cunne is examining the effect of parental self-reported stress (mother only) and parental education on their child's academic performance. Dr. Cunne is examining how many interaction effects based on this research study? A) one B) two C) three D) four

Dr. Kraft is examining the effect of parental supportive listening and volunteer activity on delinquent behaviors and academic progress in adolescent males. Which of the following does NOT represent a main effect addressed in this study? A) parental supportive listening's effect on delinquent behaviors B) academic progress's effect on delinquent behaviors C) supportive listening's effect on academic progress D) volunteer activity's effect on academic progress

In research designs it is important to be aware of the _____, which is the minimum standard score on a given measure that reliably differentiates test takers. A) ceiling effect B) expectancy effect C) suppression effect D) floor effect

The average age of onset for anorexia nervosa is: A) 16 years old. B) 17 years old. C) 18 years old. D) 19 years old.

According to research conducted in 2007 what percent of males are diagnosed with anorexia nervosa? A) 1.0% B) .7% C) .5% D) .3%

Dr. Lee has is examining social media practices among college students. All college students enrolled in the university have an equal chance of being selected to participate in her study and receive an email link to a survey. Dr. Lee most likely plans to use which type of sampling procedure? A) double-blind procedure B) random assignment C) stratified random sampling D) cluster sampling

Dr. Byrd studies depressive symptoms among individuals with eating disorders. Dr. Byrd conducted a study in which he assigned 45 participants to start with condition A, the next 45 participants to start with condition B, and the final 45 participants to start with condition C. All participants were eventually exposed to all conditions. Dr. Byrd engaged in which procedure? A) counterbalancing B) practice effects C) carryover effects D) random assignment

Dr. Ruiz was asked to consult on a research project. She recommended to the researchers that they randomly assign all of their research participants to help reduce errors related to individual differences, as well as randomly assign the order of administered interventions to each group of 30 participants. Dr. Ruiz is recommending a practice commonly referred to as _____, which helps to reduce order effects. A) practice effects B) counterbalancing C) carryover effects D) random assignment

Whitney is a student in Dr. Reese's research lab. Whitney has developed a study examining the effect of various scents on mood. Dr. Reese recommended that Whitney randomly assign all 100 of her research participants to help reduce any errors related to individual differences. Dr. Reese also encouraged Whitney to randomly assign the sequence of the administered interventions to each group of 25 participants. Dr. Reese's recommendations are in an effort to reduce all of the following EXCEPT: A) practice effects. B) order effects. C) carryover effects. D) main effects.

Dr. Whitley just received a very large grant to carry out a controversial and highly debated study. She believes that she needs her hypotheses to be proven correct in order to receive acclaim in the research community. Dr. Whitley positions herself to be at every treatment invention and is aware of which condition each participant has been assigned. She finds herself talking with participants before participation in the study. Dr. Whitley may be unknowingly succumbing to: A) synergistic effect. B) suppression effect. C) experimenter-expectancy effect. D) order effect.

Dr. Whitley just received a very large grant to carry out a controversial and highly debated study. She believes that she needs her hypotheses to be proven correct in order to receive acclaim in the research community. Dr. Whitley positions herself to be at every treatment invention and is aware of what condition each participant has been assigned. She finds herself talking with participants before participation in the study. Dr. Whitley may be unknowingly succumbing to the experimenter-expectancy bias. A method to help reduce such a bias is referred to as a: A) synergistic effect. B) single-blind procedure. C) double-blind procedure. D) Latin square design.

Lamar recently participated in a social experiment examining the effects of crowds on self-esteem, but was unaware of which group he was assigned to. However, the social psychologists leading the study were aware of Lamar's group assignment. This is an example of: A) a single-blind procedure. B) a double-blind procedure. C) a repeated measures design. D) a planned contrast.

Cesar recently participated in a social experiment examining the effects of crowds on self-esteem, but was unaware of which group he was assigned to. Cesar was later informed that the social psychologists responsible for the study were also unaware of Cesar's group assignment at the time of the study. This is an example of: A) a single-blind procedure. B) a double-blind procedure. C) a repeated measures design. D) a planned contrast.

Dr. Ebbinhaus is conducting an experiment on inattention based on different degrees of ambient noise in a room. Participants sit in a room where there is either no ambient noise or a high degree of ambient noise. Dr. Ebbinhaus has all participants answer both reading comprehension and math fluency problems while they wait in their respective rooms. Which of the following statistical analyses should Dr. Ebbinhaus use to test his research hypotheses? A) a two-way ANOVA B) a repeated measures ANOVA C) a factorial ANOVA D) a mixed design ANOVA

Dr. Reid conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to her study examining the effects of marijuana use and alcohol consumption on several prenatal domains of development. Dr. Reid had the following outcome: F(1, 202) = 8.2, p = .03, eta² = .17. Which number represents the effect size? A) .17 B) .03 C) 8.2 D) 1

Dr. Reid conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to her study examining the effects of marijuana use and alcohol consumption on several prenatal domains of development. Dr. Reid had the following outcome: F(1, 202) = 8.2, p = .03, eta² = .17. Which number represents the significance value? A) .17 B) .03 C) 8.2 D) 1

Dr. Domnica conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to her study examining the effects of marijuana use and alcohol consumption on several prenatal domains of development. Dr. Domnica had the following outcome: F(1, 106) = 11.2, p = .04, eta² = .13. Which number represents the F score? A) .13 B) .04 C) 11.2 D) 1

Dr. Domnica conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to her study examining the effects of marijuana use and alcohol consumption on several prenatal domains of development. Dr. Domnica had the following outcome: F(1, 106) = 11.2, p = .04, eta² = .13. Which number represents the within-subjects degrees of freedom? A) .13 B) .04 C) 11.2 D) 1

Dr. Domnica conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to her study examining the effects of marijuana use and alcohol consumption on several prenatal domains of development. Dr. Domnica had the following outcome: F(1, 106) = 11.2, p = .04, eta² = .13. Which number represents the between-subjects degrees of freedom? A) 106 B) .04 C) 11.2 D) 1

(Scenario I) Suppose the participants studied the words either visually or haptically, and then were presented either visual or haptic words during the test. This design would now be a: A) 2 × 2 between-subjects design. B) 2 × 2 within-subjects design. C) 2 × 2 mixed design. D) 2 × 2 single case design.

(Scenario I) In Scenario I, the between-subjects variable was _____, and the within-subjects variable was _____. A) modality at study; modality at test B) modality at test; modality at study C) visual words at study; haptic words at test D) visual words at test; haptic words at study

(Scenario I) The design described in Scenario I is a: A) 2 × 2 between-subjects design. B) 2 × 2 within-subjects design. C) 2 × 2 mixed design. D) 2 × 2 single case design.

(Scenario I) In Scenario I the nature of the stimuli (haptic and visual) during the study and test phase made: A) it impossible to create a single-blind procedure. B) it impossible to create a double-blind procedure. C) it possible to introduce experimenter-expectancy effect. D) all of the above.

(Scenario II) The study described in Scenario II uses a _____ design. A) one-factor B) mixed C) single-subject D) between-subjects

(Scenario II) The study described in Scenario II uses an _____ design. A) A-B B) A-B-A C) A-B-A-B D) A-B-A-B-A

(Scenario II) The purpose of removing the intervention in Scenario II was to: A) establish causality. B) conserve resources. C) remove experimenter expectations. D) to keep the participant blinded to treatment.

(Scenario II) In the study described in Scenario II, the control condition is the _____ phase, and the experimental condition is the _____ phase. A) C; E B) A; B C) C; A D) B; C

(Scenario III) In Scenario III, the between-subjects variable was _____, and the within-subjects variable was _____. A) stress; time B) time; anhedonia C) anhedonia; stress D) time; stress

(Scenario III) The researcher who recorded the distance that each rat ran did not know whether the rat had received stress. This resulted in a(n) _____ and decreased _____. A) double-blind procedure; experimenter bias B) experimenter expectancy; bias C) single-blind procedure; experimenter expectancy D) experimenter bias; internal validity

(Scenario III) Which type of statistic was used to determine if there was an effect of stress on running at weeks 2, 3 and 4? A) A repeated ANOVA B) A factorial ANOVA C) A mixed design ANOVA D) A one-way ANOVA

The refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, a fear of gaining weight, and altered cognitions and perceptions of one's own body weight describes: A) an eating disorder not otherwise specified. B) binge eating disorder. C) anorexia nervosa. D) bulimia nervosa.

_____ is a quantitative statistical analysis that compares and combines the results of individual but similar studies. A) An A-B design B) A meta-analysis C) A single-subject design D) A case study

Anorexia nervosa is a complex disorder that can be difficult to treat and has a prevalence rate of: A) 3 out of every 1,000 young women. B) 3 out of every 10,000 young women. C) 3 out of every 100,000 young women. D) 10 out of every 100,000 young women.

Which of the following is the resource that's currently used by mental health and medical professionals to diagnose psychological disorders? A) APA B) DSM-5 C) DSM-III D) ICD

Dr. Marks is using a within-subjects design in which there is one participant whom he is assessing change on the variables of interest. Dr. Marks is conducting: A) an A-B design. B) a case study design. C) a single-subject design. D) a mixed design.

Dr. Vaughn is conducting a single-subject design in which he is taking a baseline measurement and then introducing an anxiety intervention and measuring the same variable again. Dr. Vaugh is using: A) an hybrid design. B) a single-blind procedure. C) a mixed design. D) an A-B design.

Dr. Kane wants to establish a cause-and-effect relationship and therefore needs to administer a(n) _____ before his intended intervention. A) posttest measurement B) manipulation C) baseline measurement D) independent variable

Dr. Lewis is planning a single-subject design in which she intends to establish a baseline, introduce an intervention for depression, and measure the same variable again, then remove the intervention and take another measurement. Dr. Lewis is planning to use: A) an A-B design B) an A-B-B-A design C) an A-B-A-B design D) an A-B-A design

Dr. Carroll is planning to use a single-subject design in which he intends to establish a baseline, introduce an intervention, remove the intervention, and then reintroduce the intervention, measuring the dependent variable each time. Dr. Carroll plans to use: A) an A-B design. B) an A-B-B-A design. C) an A-B-A-B design. D) an A-B-A design.

A(n) _____ is an experimental design that combines within-subjects and between-subjects methods of data collection. A) A-B design B) A-B-A design C) mixed design D) single-subjects design

A mixed design has all participants get every level of the _____, but only one level of the _____. A) within-subjects factor; between-subjects factor B) between-subjects factor; within-subjects factor C) within-subjects factor; single-subjects factor D) dependent variable; independent variable

Which of the following does NOT use a between-subjects methodology? A) a two-group design B) a multigroup design C) a factorial design D) a pretest-posttest design

Which of the following does NOT use a within-subjects methodology? A) a two-group design B) a repeated measures design C) a mixed design D) a pretest-posttest design

_____ is an empty control group often used in clinical research. A) A waiting-list control group B) A placebo control group C) An intervention group D) A research participant pool

_____ occurs when a bias causes a researcher to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. A) Countertransference B) An experimenter-expectancy effect C) A testing effect D) An observer effect

_____, which is used in an effort to reduce the likelihood that expectancies or knowledge of condition will influence the results, is a design in which both the participants and the administrators of treatment are unaware of which treatments are being provided. A) An inter-rater design B) A single-subject design C) A single-blind procedure D) A double-blind procedure

A double-blind procedure is used in an effort to reduce the likelihood that expectancies of condition will influence the results; therefore, _____ of treatment are unaware of which treatments are being provided. A) only the participants B) both the participants and the administrators C) only the administrators D) only the researchers

Lauren recently participated in a marketing study examining the effects of hunger on buying tendencies, but Lauren was unaware of what group she was assigned to. Lauren was later informed that the marketing researchers responsible for the study were also unaware of Lauren's group assignment at the time of the study. This is an example of: A) a single-blind procedure. B) a double-blind procedure. C) a repeated measures design. D) a planned contrast.

Dr. Lyme conducted a mixed design ANOVA in reference to his study examining the effects of caffeine and sugar consumption on several indicators of obesity development. Dr. Lyme had the following outcome: F(1, 98) = 7.7, p = .06, eta² = .08. Which number represents the effect size? A) .08 B) .06 C) 7.7 D) 1

Raul is using the statistical strategy of a meta-analysis because it allows for the comparison and integration of results from _____ on _____. A) multiple studies; the same research question B) multiple studies; different research questions C) a single study; the same research question D) a single study; different research questions

Poulsen and colleagues (2014) conducted a randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. Participants randomly assigned to the cognitive-behavior therapy group received: A) 20 weekly sessions. B) 40 weekly sessions. C) 1 year of weekly sessions. D) 2 years of weekly sessions.

Dr. Lowell is using a special type of _____ design in order to assess changes within a single individual. A) hybrid B) between-subjects C) within-subjects D) mixed

A-B design refers to a single-subject design in which researchers take a _____ and then introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again. A) posttest measurement B) baseline measurement C) mixed measurement D) single-blind procedure

The baseline measurement phase of the study is usually referred to as the: A) D phase. B) C phase. C) B phase. D) A phase.

The intervention phase of the study is usually referred to as the: A) D phase. B) C phase. C) B phase. D) A phase.

Which of the following uses only a between-subjects methodology? A) two-group design B) repeated measures design C) mixed design D) pretest-posttest design

In a mixed design _____ of the within-subjects factor but only one level of the between-subjects factor. A) half of the participants get one level B) all participants get every level C) half of the participant get every level D) all participants get one level

Participants in the _____ do not receive treatment or intervention until after the completion of the study. A) waiting-list control group B) placebo control group C) intervention group D) research participant pool

Natalya conducted an intervention for social skills deficits. She included a group of participants in her study who did not receive any type of intervention at all. After her study finished, she took the best intervention option determined by the study and provided it to the control group. Which type of control group did Natalya use for her study? A) empty control group B) treatment group C) waiting-list control group D) placebo control group

The experimenter-expectancy effect occurs when a bias causes a researcher to _____ the participants of an experiment. A) project on B) consciously alter C) unconsciously influence D) request a change of

A double-blind procedure is used in an effort to reduce the likelihood that _____ of condition will influence the results; therefore, both the participants and the administrators of treatments are unaware of which treatments are being provided. A) the expectancies B) the inexperience C) the unfamiliarity D) the foreignness

A _____ is used when participants are unaware of, or blinded to, the treatment they are receiving, but the administrator knows which treatment each participant is getting. A) mixed design B) single-subject design C) double-blind procedure D) single-blind procedure

_____ is a statistical analysis that tests for differences between two or more categorical independent variables, when one is a between-subjects variable and another is a within-subjects variable. A) A one-way analysis of variance B) A repeated-measure analysis of variance C) A mixed design analysis of variance D) A two-way analysis of variance

Dr. Ames conducts a mixed design ANOVA and finds the following outcome: F(1, 89) = 9.8, p = .002, eta² = .09. Which number represents the significant level? A) .002 B) .09 C) 9.8 D) 1

Dr. Ames conducts a mixed design ANOVA and finds the following outcome: F(1, 89) = 9.8, p = .002, eta² = .09. Which number represents the F score? A) .002 B) .09 C) 9.8 D) 1

Dr. Ames conducts a mixed design ANOVA and finds the following outcome: F(1, 89) = 9.8, p = .002, eta² = .09. Which number represents the effect size? A) .002 B) .09 C) 9.8 D) 1

Dr. Ames conducts a mixed design ANOVA and finds the following outcome: F(1, 89) = 9.8, p = .002, eta² = .09. Which number represents the between subjects degrees of freedom? A) .002 B) .09 C) 9.8 D) 89