Question 1

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced
A) for every correct or incorrect response.
B) for every correct response.
C) every day that the schedule is being used.
D) continually until the person satiates.

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced for every correct response. Incorrect responses are not reinforced.

Question 2

Which of the following is a system for managing and altering behavior through the immediate reinforcement of selected responses with poker chips or slips of paper that can be exchanged for food and/or special privileges?
A) a time-out system
B) a token economy
C) systematic desensitization
D) an EMDR program

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a token economy system, where desired behaviors are reinforced with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards.

Question 3

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a __________ reinforcer.
A) primary
B) social
C) token
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

A social reinforcer is a type of secondary reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others. This can be a powerful motivator for many individuals, particularly those who value social connections and relationships. Primary reinforcers are directly related to basic physiological needs such as food or water, while token reinforcers involve earning points or tokens that can be exchanged for rewards. Cognitive reinforcers, on the other hand, involve internal experiences such as pride or accomplishment.

Question 4

By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that
A) reinforcements occur continuously regardless of the subject's behavior.
B) responding without pausing is the requirement for reinforcement.
C) each correct response is reinforced.
D) reinforcement continues even when errors are made.

Accepted Answer

A continuous reinforcement schedule means that each correct response is reinforced, whereas in other schedules (such as intermittent) only some correct responses are reinforced. This provides consistent and immediate feedback for the subject's behavior. Option A (reinforcements occur continuously regardless of behavior) is incorrect as it does not require any kind of behavior to be reinforced. Option B (responding without pausing) and Option D (reinforcement continues even when errors are made) are not accurate descriptions of a continuous reinforcement schedule.

Question 5

When children engage in negative attention-seeking, they are demonstrating the power of
A) stimulus generalization.
B) social reinforcers.
C) response costs.
D) primary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

Negative attention-seeking behavior is motivated by the desire for social reinforcement from others, such as attention, even if it is negative attention.

Question 6

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?
A) intermittent
B) partial
C) comprehensive
D) continuous

Accepted Answer

In continuous reinforcement schedule, the reinforcer follows every correct response.

Question 7

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?
A) fixed ratio
B) fixed interval
C) intermittent
D) continuous

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement is the most useful schedule when a person or animal is initially learning new responses because it involves reinforcing desired behavior every time it occurs, which leads to faster learning and acquisition of the behavior.

Question 8

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of
A) the partial reinforcement effect.
B) a variable interval schedule.
C) a fixed ratio schedule.
D) continuous reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elaine is reinforced with a gold star...

Question 9

Compared to continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement
A) is more resistant to extinction.
B) makes a response weaker.
C) involves reinforcing some correct and some incorrect responses.
D) involves reinforcing every correct response, but not the incorrect ones.

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement is more resistant to extinction because the subject is not always receiving a reward after performing the desired behavior, so they are not as likely to stop performing the behavior when the reward stops.

Question 10

Plans for determining which responses will be reinforced are known as
A) schedules of reinforcement.
B) successive approximations.
C) token economies.
D) programmed instruction.

Accepted Answer

Plans for determining which responses will be reinforced are known as schedules of reinforcement. Schedules of reinforcement are the specific patterns by which reinforcement is given to a behavior.

Question 11

When the reinforcer does not follow every response but occurs after a number of responses have been made or after a passage of time, you are using which reinforcement schedule?
A) continuous
B) secondary
C) partial
D) semi-continual

Accepted Answer

A partial reinforcement schedule occurs when the reinforcer does not follow every response. This can include fixed ratio schedules (reinforcer occurs after a set number of responses) or variable ratio schedules (reinforcer occurs after an unpredictable number of responses). It can also include fixed interval schedules (reinforcer occurs after a set amount of time has passed) or variable interval schedules (reinforcer occurs after an unpredictable amount of time has passed).

Question 12

In a drug rehabilitation center, the residents earn points for attending therapy sessions on time, writing in their journals, and performing their designated chores.These points can be used to gain various privileges or tangible items.This drug rehabilitation center is using
A) a time-out system.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) an EMDR program.

Accepted Answer

The drug rehabilitation center is using a token economy, as the residents earn points (tokens) for specific behaviors that can be exchanged for privileges or tangible items, such as extra phone time or snack items.

Question 13

You may be unaware of some of the reinforcers that are changing your own behavior.In fact, such automatic associative learning is a hallmark of __________ processing.
A) acquisitional
B) elaborative
C) experiential
D) functional

Accepted Answer

Experiential processing involves automatic associative learning, where behavior is changed unintentionally based on the reinforcers in the environment. This is in contrast to elaborative processing, which involves conscious effort and consideration of information, and functional processing, which involves processing information for its practical use. Acquisitional processing is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 14

Philip is in the third grade, and he is reinforced by his mother with a quarter for every "A" he makes on a test, quiz, homework, or class work assignment he brings home.This reinforcement of Phillip's grades illustrates which of the following?
A) the partial reinforcement effect
B) a variable interval schedule
C) continuous reinforcement
D) a fixed ratio schedule

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philip is in the third grade, and...

Question 15

In Mrs.Thompson's elementary classroom, she gives happy face stickers to students for being attentive, turning in their homework on time, making good grades, and other productive classroom behaviors.At the end of the week, the students can exchange these stickers for a special treat or small toy.Mrs.Thompson's is using
A) a time-out system.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) a primary reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Thompson is using a token economy, where students earn tokens (happy face stickers) for productive behaviors and can exchange them for rewards.

Question 16

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the
A) types of reinforcers used, whether primary or secondary.
B) effects of reinforcers used, whether positive or negative.
C) plans for determining which responses will be reinforced.
D) informational feedback provided by the reinforcers used.

Accepted Answer

Schedules of reinforcement refer to the plans for determining which responses will be reinforced, such as fixed ratio or variable interval. The other options (types of reinforcers, effects of reinforcers, informational feedback) are related to the properties of the reinforcers themselves rather than the schedule used.

Question 17

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him, it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?
A) fixed ratio
B) continuous
C) intermittent
D) variable interval

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement is the most effective schedule when teaching a new behavior because it provides a reward every time the desired action is performed, making it clearer and faster for the animal to associate the behavior with the reward.

Question 18

In daily life, learning is usually based on a pattern of reinforcement, in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.This pattern is referred to as __________ reinforcement.
A) incongruent
B) conditional
C) partial
D) semi-continual

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement is a type of reinforcement schedule in which only some of the responses are reinforced, as opposed to every response being reinforced in continuous reinforcement. This pattern of reinforcement is commonly seen in everyday life, such as only receiving praise or a reward for certain achievements rather than every achievement.

Question 19

Social reinforcers consist of
A) primary and secondary reinforcers.
B) knowledge and ability.
C) the learned desires for attention and approval.
D) positive environment stimuli and a lack of punishment.

Accepted Answer

Social reinforcers specifically refer to the learned desires for attention and approval from others, which motivate behavior.

Question 20

In the textbook example entitled "Shaping a Teacher," psychology students would look interested in the teacher's lecture when she was standing on the right side of the room, and they would look bored when she was standing on the left side.The students were shaping the teacher's behavior using __________reinforcers.
A) social
B) primary
C) token
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

The students in this situation were using social reinforcement to shape the teacher's behavior. Social reinforcement refers to the positive or negative reactions, such as attention or praise, that individuals receive from others in response to their behavior. In this case, the students were giving the teacher positive attention when she stood on the right side of the room, which reinforced her behavior of lecturing from that side of the room. Conversely, when the students looked bored while she stood on the left side, it may have discouraged her from lecturing from that location in the future.

Quiz 6: Conditioning and Learning.

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced

Which of the following is a system for managing and altering behavior through the immediate reinforcement of selected responses with poker chips or slips of paper that can be exchanged for food and/or special privileges?

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a __________ reinforcer.

By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that

When children engage in negative attention-seeking, they are demonstrating the power of

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of

Compared to continuous reinforcement, partial reinforcement

Plans for determining which responses will be reinforced are known as

When the reinforcer does not follow every response but occurs after a number of responses have been made or after a passage of time, you are using which reinforcement schedule?

In a drug rehabilitation center, the residents earn points for attending therapy sessions on time, writing in their journals, and performing their designated chores.These points can be used to gain various privileges or tangible items.This drug rehabilitation center is using

You may be unaware of some of the reinforcers that are changing your own behavior.In fact, such automatic associative learning is a hallmark of __________ processing.

Philip is in the third grade, and he is reinforced by his mother with a quarter for every "A" he makes on a test, quiz, homework, or class work assignment he brings home.This reinforcement of Phillip's grades illustrates which of the following?

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him, it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

In daily life, learning is usually based on a pattern of reinforcement, in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.This pattern is referred to as __________ reinforcement.

Social reinforcers consist of