Question 1

The programmed instruction that is called drill-and-practice is also known as
A) REBT.
B) EMDR.
C) CAI.
D) AFT.

Accepted Answer

CAI stands for Computer-Assisted Instruction, which includes the use of programmed instruction such as drill-and-practice. REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), and AFT (Accelerated Freefall Training) are not related to programmed instruction.

Question 2

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI
A) is more accurate than traditional instruction.
B) allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them.
C) reinforces on a fixed ratio schedule rather than a fixed interval schedule.
D) provides a consistent format of behavioral contracting.

Accepted Answer

Computer-assisted instruction allows learners to make mistakes and learn from them without feeling embarrassed or judged. The computer can provide immediate feedback and opportunities for correction, which can lead to more effective learning. The other options (accuracy, reinforcement schedule, and behavioral contracting) do not directly address the benefits of feedback from a computer in CAI.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI)?
A) CAI can give hints about why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected.
B) CAI can save teachers and learners much time and effort.
C) People often do better with feedback from a computer because they can freely make mistakes and learn from them.
D) CAI has been shown to lead to significantly higher levels of mastery than traditional methods.

Accepted Answer

All of the other options listed are advantages of using computer-assisted instruction, but D is incorrect. While CAI has been shown to be effective, it is not necessarily a guarantee that it will lead to significantly higher levels of mastery than traditional methods in every case.

Question 4

In an experiment, the discovery learning group of students was encouraged to see that a "piece" of parallelogram could be "moved" to create a rectangle, while the rote learning group memorized the height times base formula.The results of the experiment demonstrated that
A) the discovery learning group performed better on the unusual problems.
B) the rote learning group performed better on the unusual problems.
C) both groups performed exceptionally well on the unusual problems.
D) both groups performed poorly on the unusual problems.

Accepted Answer

The experiment shows that the discovery learning group, who were encouraged to think about the relationship between parallelograms and rectangles, performed better on the unusual problems. This suggests that they were able to apply their understanding of the concept in different situations. In contrast, the rote learning group, who simply memorized a formula, may have struggled with problems that required a different approach. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 5

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe
A) rote learning.
B) observational learning.
C) vicarious reinforcement.
D) discovery learning.

Accepted Answer

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding are a hallmark of discovery learning where the learner actively seeks out and discovers new knowledge rather than simply memorizing it through rote learning or observing it through observational learning or vicarious reinforcement.

Question 6

In programmed instruction, learners are prevented from practicing errors through
A) response cost.
B) frequent feedback.
C) the fixed interval scheduling.
D) positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

In programmed instruction, frequent feedback is provided to learners which helps them to identify and correct their errors before they can become habitual. This helps in preventing the learners from practicing errors. Response cost is a form of punishment, which is not used in programmed instruction. Fixed interval scheduling and positive reinforcement do not directly prevent learners from practicing errors.

Question 7

Compared to learning by rote, discovery learning
A) produces a better understanding of new problems.
B) occurs more rapidly.
C) requires less reinforcement.
D) involves the observation and practice of new skills.

Accepted Answer

Discovery learning involves actively exploring new concepts and ideas, which can lead to a deeper understanding of a problem or subject matter. In contrast, learning by rote involves memorization without necessarily understanding the underlying concepts. Therefore, discovery learning is likely to produce a better understanding of new problems. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because discovery learning is not necessarily more rapid, does not require less reinforcement, and may not always involve observation and practice of new skills.

Question 8

In order to increase interest and motivation, a computer math game has been designed that allows students to compete in a speedboat race rather than just completing a series of subtraction problems.The faster correct answers are selected, the faster the student's boat speeds toward the finish line.This math game would be an example of
A) computer-assisted instruction.
B) a type of serious game.
C) programmed instruction.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to increase interest and motivation,...

Question 9

Compared with learning by rote, which of the following produces learning that is more lasting and flexible?
A) discovery learning
B) instrumental learning
C) respondent conditioning
D) shaping

Accepted Answer

Discovery learning involves actively exploring and experimenting with information, which can lead to deeper understanding and more flexible application of knowledge. Rote learning, on the other hand, involves memorization without necessarily understanding the underlying concepts, which can lead to less lasting and less flexible learning. Instrumental learning, respondent conditioning, and shaping all involve conditioning and/or reinforcement, but may not necessarily lead to deeper understanding or flexible application of knowledge.

Question 10

Educational simulations allow students to explore an imaginary situation and are the most complex type of
A) serious games.
B) token economies.
C) latent learning exercises.
D) educational feedback loops.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for the type of simulation that allows students to explore an imaginary situation, which is the definition of serious games. Token economies are a type of behavior modification system, latent learning exercises focus on acquiring knowledge without immediate reinforcement, and educational feedback loops involve receiving feedback on learning progress. None of these options specifically fit the description of educational simulations in this context.

Question 11

Student pilots can learn all the ins and outs of flying a jumbo jet through a complex computer-assisted instructional (CAI)program that allows them to see the effects of their choices while flying under different weather conditions.These CAI programs are referred to as
A) insight learning programs.
B) acquisitional trainers.
C) educational simulations.
D) educational feedback loops.

Accepted Answer

The program described in the statement is an educational simulation that allows student pilots to learn through a computer-assisted instructional program in different weather conditions. The other choices, such as insight learning programs, acquisitional trainers, and educational feedback loops, are not as accurate in describing the specific type of program described in the statement.

Question 12

Learning that involves mechanical repetition and memorization is known as __________ learning.
A) rote
B) discovery
C) antecedent
D) respondent

Accepted Answer

Rote learning involves memorization through repetition without necessarily understanding the underlying concepts or principles.

Question 13

Discovery learning involves understanding and
A) rote memory.
B) instrumental conditioning.
C) insight.
D) observational learning.

Accepted Answer

Discovery learning involves using cognitive processes to learn and understand new information, often through trial and error and problem solving. Insight is a key component of this process as the learner makes connections and discovers new solutions through their own exploration and experimentation. Rote memory and instrumental conditioning may play a role in some learning contexts, but are not specific to discovery learning. Observational learning involves acquiring new behaviors through observing others, which is not a defining characteristic of discovery learning.

Question 14

After you finish reading this module in your textbook, you then complete the Knowledge Builder section.You work through the Recite questions one at a time, checking your answer before moving on.This format illustrates which of the following?
A) insight learning
B) a fixed interval scheduling
C) programmed instruction
D) vicarious learning

Accepted Answer

The format described in this scenario, where the learner reads a module and then completes a Knowledge Builder section with Recite questions and immediate feedback, is an example of programmed instruction. Programmed instruction involves breaking down material into small, structured steps that are presented sequentially, with feedback provided throughout the learning process. This type of instruction is often used in computer-based or online learning environments.

Question 15

Programmed instruction in book form and computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
A) combine response chaining with secondary reinforcement.
B) are both applications of the principle of feedback.
C) are both applications of classical conditioning.
D) are based on simple cognitive maps.

Accepted Answer

Both programmed instruction in book form and computer-assisted instruction (CAI) utilize feedback to reinforce correct responses and correct errors. This is an application of the principle of immediate feedback, which is an important aspect of operant conditioning. Response chaining and secondary reinforcement (choice A) refer to other concepts within operant conditioning, while classical conditioning (choice C) and simple cognitive maps (choice D) are not directly related to programmed instruction or CAI.

Question 16

Programmed learning can be effective in book form or in
A) a fixed ratio or fixed interval form.
B) a computerized form.
C) a latent or insight learning format.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

The question asks which form(s) programmed learning can be effective in, and the only answer choice that fits is B, a computerized form. While programmed learning can also be effective in book form, there is no mention of the fixed ratio or fixed interval form, or the latent or insight learning format in relation to programmed learning.

Question 17

Some computer-assisted (CAI)programs make use of instructional games involving stories, competition with a partner, sound effects, and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation.These CAI programs are known as
A) token economies.
B) educational feedback loops.
C) latent learning exercises.
D) serious games.

Accepted Answer

The description of the CAI programs involving stories, competition, sound effects, and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation fits the definition of "serious games," which are educational games designed to teach specific skills or concepts. A, B, and C do not accurately describe these types of CAI programs.

Question 18

Which type of learning tends to lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems?
A) latent learning
B) discovery learning
C) response chaining
D) rote learning

Accepted Answer

Discovery learning involves actively exploring and experimenting to solve a problem, which can lead to a deeper understanding and retention of the concepts involved. This type of learning promotes the development of critical thinking skills and can be helpful when encountering new or unusual problems. Latent learning can also lead to a better understanding, but it is not as active or intentional as discovery learning. Response chaining and rote learning do not typically lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems.

Question 19

Which of the following is a type of programmed instruction that allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them and gives hints about why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected?
A) drill-and-practice
B) latent learning
C) insight learning
D) behavioral contracting

Accepted Answer

Drill-and-practice is a type of programmed instruction that provides immediate feedback, allowing learners to make mistakes and learn from them by understanding why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected.

Question 20

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems.By seeing the effects of their choices, students discover basic principles in a variety of subjects.These complex serious games are called
A) token economies.
B) educational simulations.
C) latent learning exercises.
D) educational feedback loops.

Accepted Answer

The description of "exploring an imaginary situation or 'microworld' to learn to solve real-world problems" and "discovering basic principles in a variety of subjects" fits the definition of educational simulations. Token economies, latent learning exercises, and educational feedback loops do not necessarily involve exploring imaginary situations or microworlds for problem-solving purposes.

Quiz 6: Conditioning and Learning.

The programmed instruction that is called drill-and-practice is also known as

People using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) often do better with feedback from a computer because CAI

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) ?

In an experiment, the discovery learning group of students was encouraged to see that a "piece" of parallelogram could be "moved" to create a rectangle, while the rote learning group memorized the height times base formula.The results of the experiment demonstrated that

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe

In programmed instruction, learners are prevented from practicing errors through

Compared to learning by rote, discovery learning

Compared with learning by rote, which of the following produces learning that is more lasting and flexible?

Educational simulations allow students to explore an imaginary situation and are the most complex type of

Student pilots can learn all the ins and outs of flying a jumbo jet through a complex computer-assisted instructional (CAI) program that allows them to see the effects of their choices while flying under different weather conditions.These CAI programs are referred to as

Learning that involves mechanical repetition and memorization is known as __________ learning.

Discovery learning involves understanding and

After you finish reading this module in your textbook, you then complete the Knowledge Builder section.You work through the Recite questions one at a time, checking your answer before moving on.This format illustrates which of the following?

Programmed instruction in book form and computer-assisted instruction (CAI)

Programmed learning can be effective in book form or in

Some computer-assisted (CAI) programs make use of instructional games involving stories, competition with a partner, sound effects, and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation.These CAI programs are known as

Which type of learning tends to lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems?

Which of the following is a type of programmed instruction that allows learners to freely make mistakes and learn from them and gives hints about why an answer was wrong and what needs to be corrected?

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems.By seeing the effects of their choices, students discover basic principles in a variety of subjects.These complex serious games are called