Question 1

The main function of the neurilemma is to
A) form a tunnel through which damaged nerve cell fibers grow when they repair themselves.
B) affect the speed of nerve impulses.
C) block the reception of acetylcholine.
D) aid a nerve's receptivity to neurotransmitters by increasing the number of receptor sites available.

Accepted Answer

The neurilemma (also known as the Schwann cell sheath) is responsible for promoting nerve regeneration by forming a pathway for damaged nerve fibers to grow through when they repair themselves. It plays an important role in repairing peripheral nerves (nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord) by providing structural support and guiding the regrowth of axons. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 2

Regrowth of a damaged nerve cell is most likely when
A) damage occurs within the brain.
B) the cell body is destroyed.
C) damage occurs in the spinal cord.
D) an accidentally severed toe is sewn back on.

Accepted Answer

Regrowth of damaged nerve cells is most likely to occur when a damaged peripheral nerve is surgically reconnected, as in the case of an accidentally severed toe being sewn back on. While regrowth can occur in the peripheral nervous system, it is unlikely in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) due to factors such as lack of access for repair cells and the presence of inhibitory molecules that prevent regeneration. The destruction of a cell body also inhibits regrowth.

Question 3

Horror movies and science fiction stories are often based on the premise that one person's brain has been surgically removed and implanted in the body of another person.This would actually be impossible because
A) damage to the brain is almost always fatal.
B) if the corpus callosum is cut, the brain cannot function.
C) damage to neurons in the CNS is usually considered permanent.
D) the blood brain barriers would not protect against infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Horror movies and science fiction stories are...

Question 4

Which of the following nerve cells can repair itself if damaged?
A) a nerve cell in the central nervous system that is wrapped in myelin
B) a nerve cell in the brain
C) a nerve cell in the peripheral nervous system that is wrapped in neurilemma
D) a nerve cell in the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

Nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system that are wrapped in neurilemma have the ability to repair themselves if damaged. This is because the neurilemma contains specialized cells called Schwann cells that can stimulate the growth of new axons, which allows the damaged nerve to regenerate. Nerve cells in the central nervous system (A and B) do not have neurilemma and therefore cannot repair themselves as easily. Nerve cells in the spinal cord (D) may have some limited ability to repair, but it is not as extensive as in peripheral nerves with neurilemma.

Question 5

Immature cells that can mature into a variety of specialized cells, such as neurons, are referred to as
A) somas.
B) stem cells.
C) glial cells.
D) neurilemmas.

Accepted Answer

Immature cells that can mature into a variety of specialized cells are referred to as stem cells. Somas are the cell bodies of neurons, glial cells are support cells in the nervous system, and neurilemmas are the sheaths surrounding axons.

Question 6

Transplants or grafts of brain tissue in animals
A) have not been attempted in humans because of ethical restrictions.
B) have been attempted but without any success in any animal so far.
C) created animals that were dangerously aggressive.
D) have been able to partially repair cut spinal cords in rats.

Accepted Answer

Transplants or grafts of brain tissue have been attempted in animals and have been able to partially repair cut spinal cords in rats. However, they have not been attempted in humans because of ethical restrictions. There is no evidence to suggest that these transplants created dangerously aggressive animals.

Question 7

Regarding the repair of the central nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Along with the animal research on spinal cord repair, some human trials have also been recently undertaken.
B) Scientists have partially repaired cut spinal cords in ratsby establishing cellular bridges to close the gap.
C) Neurilemma covers neurons in the central nervous system and enables these neurons to regrow themselves when activated.
D) Stem cells have been injected into the gap in the spinal cord to repair the damaged spinal cords in rats.

Accepted Answer

Neurilemma only covers neurons in the peripheral nervous system and not in the central nervous system. Thus, it does not enable neuron regrowth in the central nervous system.

Question 8

When people suffer from chronic traumatic encephalopathy, their prospects for recovery are not good because the brain damage from these head traumas can be extensive and often triggers
A) multiple sclerosis.
B) increased neuroplasticity.
C) constraint-induced movement disorder.
D) a subsequent disease process that continues to damage the brain.

Accepted Answer

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain disease that occurs as a result of repeated head injuries. The brain damage caused by CTE can be extensive and irreversible, leading to long-term symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for CTE, and the disease can continue to progress even after the initial head trauma is sustained. Therefore, the best choice is D as it highlights the subsequent disease process that continues to damage the brain.

Question 9

In one study, people with depression became more able to control their negative moods after undergoing cognitive behavior therapy.After this therapy, the images of their brains revealed​
A) reduced endorphin levels throughout the brain.
B) increased endorphin levels within the subcortical areas.
C) reduced brain activity in the brain areas related to combativeness.
D) more normal activity in brain areas related to emotional processing.

Accepted Answer

The study found that people with depression who underwent cognitive behavior therapy had more normal activity in the brain areas related to emotional processing, indicating improved control over negative moods. There is no mention of changes in endorphin levels or combativeness.

Question 10

Most nerve cell fibers outside the brain and spinal cord are wrapped by a thin layer of cells that aid in the repair of neurons.This thin layer of cells is called
A) myelin.
B) neurilemma.
C) acetylcholine.
D) endorphins.

Accepted Answer

The thin layer of cells that aid in the repair of neurons is called the neurilemma. Myelin is a thicker layer that surrounds some nerve cell fibers, while acetylcholine and endorphins are neurotransmitters, chemicals that transmit signals between neurons.

Question 11

Scientists have partially repaired cut spinal cords in rats by establishing "cellular bridges" to close the gap.Strategies used include all of the following EXCEPT
A) coaxing severed nerve fibers to grow across the gap.
B) grafting nerve fibers to fill the gap.
C) injecting stem cells into the gap.
D) lateralizing the severed nerve fibers so they fill the gap.

Accepted Answer

Lateralizing severed nerve fibers is not a strategy used in the study mentioned. The other three strategies, coaxing severed nerve fibers to grow across the gap, grafting nerve fibers to fill the gap, and injecting stem cells into the gap, were all used in the study.

Question 12

In which condition are the prospects for recovery poor due to the brain damage being extensive as well as a subsequent disease process being triggered that continues to damage the brain long after the original traumas have ended?
A) neoplastic autism
B) multiple sclerosis
C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy
D) constraint-induced movement disorder

Accepted Answer

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a condition caused by repeated head traumas that results in the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain that damage cells and lead to cognitive and behavioral symptoms. The prospects for recovery in CTE are poor because the brain damage is extensive and a subsequent disease process is triggered that continues to damage the brain even after the original traumas have ended. There is currently no cure for CTE, and treatment is focused on managing symptoms.

Question 13

As you study your psychology textbook, you are changing your mind and your brain about psychology through a process known as
A) brain osmosis.
B) synaptic malleability.
C) self-directed neuroplasticity.
D) self-directed neural induction.

Accepted Answer

Self-directed neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change its neural pathways and connections based on experiences and learning. Studying a textbook and acquiring new knowledge can lead to changes in neural connections in the brain, resulting in the process of self-directed neuroplasticity. The other answer choices (A, B, and D) are not accurate or relevant descriptions of this process.

Question 14

Every time you learn something, you are reshaping your living brain, a process known as
A) brain osmosis.
B) synaptic malleability.
C) self-directed neuroplasticity.
D) self-directed neural induction.

Accepted Answer

While A and B do include words related to the brain and learning, they are not accurate descriptions of the process. "Brain osmosis" is not a recognized term or process, and while synaptic malleability is a real concept, it is not specific to learning. Self-directed neuroplasticity, on the other hand, refers to the specific process by which the brain is able to reorganize and form new neural connections through intentional learning and repetition.

Question 15

Nico and Brooke are teenagers who had a large portion of their brains removed as infants.Today they are functioning well because over the years their brains have compensated for their losses through a process called
A) lateralization.
B) saltatory connection.
C) deep lesioning.
D) neuroplasticity.

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. In the case of Nico and Brooke, their brains have compensated for the loss of a large portion of their brains through this process, allowing them to function well despite their early injury.

Question 16

The production of new brain cells is known as
A) neural induction.
B) depolarization.
C) neural resiliency.
D) neurogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis is the term used to describe the production of new brain cells. Option A, neural induction, refers to the process by which embryonic cells develop into neurons or other types of nervous system cells. Option B, depolarization, refers to the change in the electrical charge of a neuron's membrane that allows it to transmit signals. Option C, neural resiliency, refers to the brain's ability to recover from injury or adapt to changing situations. None of these options accurately describe the process of new brain cell production.

Question 17

The fact that some peripheral nerves can regenerate after being damaged is made possible by the presence of
A) neurilemma.
B) myelin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) none of these, since peripheral nerves cannot regenerate.

Accepted Answer

The neurilemma, also known as the Schwann cell sheath, plays a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. This is because it contains cytoplasm and a nucleus and is responsible for creating new myelin sheaths and facilitating axonal regeneration. In contrast, myelin and acetylcholine do not play a direct role in nerve regeneration, and it is not true that peripheral nerves cannot regenerate.

Question 18

In a study that focused on taxi drivers in London, England, who must learn the names and locations of tens of thousands of streets in order to earn their licenses, the experienced cabbies exhibited superior memory for street information with the parts of their brains responsible for processing this learning being
A) enlarged.
B) lateralized.
C) more myelinated.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

The study on London taxi drivers found that the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in memory and spatial navigation, was enlarged in those who had spent years navigating the city's complex layout. This suggests that intensive use of spatial navigation skills can lead to physical changes in the brain.

Question 19

Each day, thousands of new cells originate deep within the brain and then move to the surface to link up with other neurons to become part of the brain's circuitry through a process known as
A) neural induction.
B) depolarization.
C) neurogenesis.
D) neural resiliency.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is neurogenesis, which involves the creation of new neurons. Choices A, B, and D are not relevant to this process.

Question 20

Neurilemma is wrapped around most axons in all nervous systems EXCEPT for the __________ nervous system.
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) central

Accepted Answer

Neurilemma, also known as the myelin sheath, is only present around axons in the peripheral nervous system, not in the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, the correct answer is D, central nervous system. The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nervous systems are all part of the peripheral nervous system and have axons coated with neurilemma.

Quiz 2: Brain and Behavior.

The main function of the neurilemma is to

Regrowth of a damaged nerve cell is most likely when

Horror movies and science fiction stories are often based on the premise that one person's brain has been surgically removed and implanted in the body of another person.This would actually be impossible because

Which of the following nerve cells can repair itself if damaged?

Immature cells that can mature into a variety of specialized cells, such as neurons, are referred to as

Transplants or grafts of brain tissue in animals

Regarding the repair of the central nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When people suffer from chronic traumatic encephalopathy, their prospects for recovery are not good because the brain damage from these head traumas can be extensive and often triggers

In one study, people with depression became more able to control their negative moods after undergoing cognitive behavior therapy.After this therapy, the images of their brains revealed​

Most nerve cell fibers outside the brain and spinal cord are wrapped by a thin layer of cells that aid in the repair of neurons.This thin layer of cells is called

Scientists have partially repaired cut spinal cords in rats by establishing "cellular bridges" to close the gap.Strategies used include all of the following EXCEPT

In which condition are the prospects for recovery poor due to the brain damage being extensive as well as a subsequent disease process being triggered that continues to damage the brain long after the original traumas have ended?

As you study your psychology textbook, you are changing your mind and your brain about psychology through a process known as

Every time you learn something, you are reshaping your living brain, a process known as

Nico and Brooke are teenagers who had a large portion of their brains removed as infants.Today they are functioning well because over the years their brains have compensated for their losses through a process called

The production of new brain cells is known as

The fact that some peripheral nerves can regenerate after being damaged is made possible by the presence of

Each day, thousands of new cells originate deep within the brain and then move to the surface to link up with other neurons to become part of the brain's circuitry through a process known as

Neurilemma is wrapped around most axons in all nervous systems EXCEPT for the __________ nervous system.

In one study, people with depression became more able to control their negative moods after undergoing cognitive behavior therapy.After this therapy, the images of their brains revealed