Question 1

Which statement is not correct about the null hypothesis?
A) Accepting the null hypothesis will lead to some changes in opinions or action.
B) In marketing research, the null hypothesis is formulated in such a way that rejection leads to the acceptance of the desired conclusion.
C) It is always the hypothesis tested.
D) It can never be accepted based on a single statistical test.

Accepted Answer

Accepting the null hypothesis typically means that there is no significant effect or change, so it does not lead to changes in opinions or actions.

Question 2

For the parametric case involving the means of paired samples, the null and alternative hypotheses are . A) H0: a1² = a2² H1: a1² × a2² B) H0: µ1 = µ2 H1: µ1 × µ2 C) H0: n1 = n2 H1: n1 × n2 D) H0: µD = 0 H1: µD × 0

Accepted Answer

In the case of paired samples, the null hypothesis (H0) is that the mean difference (µD) between the paired observations is zero, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the mean difference is not zero.

Question 3

When the difference in the location of two populations is to be compared based on observations from two independent samples, and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale, the can be used.
A) binomial test
B) Mann- Whitney U test
C) Kolmogorov- Smirnov one- sample test
D) runs test

Accepted Answer

The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric test that can be used to compare the difference in the location of two populations based on observations from two independent samples. The test is based on the ranks of the observations, and it does not require the assumption of normality.

Question 4

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is a .
A) measure of shape
B) measure of occasion
C) measure of variability
D) measure of location

Accepted Answer

A measure of variability indicates the dispersion or spread of a distribution, such as range, variance, or standard deviation.

Question 5

A frequency distribution helps .
A) determine the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable
B) us to understand how one variable, X, relates to another variable, Y
C) determine how close a sample comes to the null hypothesis
D) determine if a systematic association exists between two variables

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution is a summary of how often different values occur within a dataset, which helps in understanding the shape and spread of the empirical distribution of a single variable.

Question 6

To balance the two types of errors, alpha (a), also known as _ , is often set at .01 or .05.
A) level of significance
B) Type I error
C) Type II error
D) A and B are correct

Accepted Answer

Alpha (α) is known as the level of significance and is associated with the probability of making a Type I error.

Question 7

The is a symmetric bell- shaped distribution that is useful for small sample (n < 30) testing.
A) t distribution
B) F distribution
C) chi- square distribution
D) frequency distribution

Accepted Answer

The t distribution is symmetric and bell-shaped, and it is particularly useful for hypothesis testing with small sample sizes (n < 30).

Question 8

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?
A) Is familiarity with a new product related to age and education levels after controlling for income?
B) One hotel has a more upscale image than its close competitor.
C) The department store is being patronized by more than 10 percent of households.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is...

Question 9

The can be used to assess the strength of association in a table of any size.
A) contingency coefficient
B) chi- square coefficient
C) coefficient of variation
D) phi coefficient

Accepted Answer

The contingency coefficient is used to measure the strength of association in tables of any size, unlike the phi coefficient which is limited to 2x2 tables.

Question 10

is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal- level variables. It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variables is not square but a rectangle.
A) Gamma
B) Symmetric lambda
C) Tau c
D) Tau b

Accepted Answer

Tau c is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables, adjusts for ties, and is suitable for rectangular tables.

Question 11

If the population standard deviation was assumed to be known, rather than estimated from the sample, a would be appropriate rather than a(n) .
A) z test; F test
B) t test; F test
C) z test; t test
D) t test; z test

Accepted Answer

When the population standard deviation is known, a z test is appropriate rather than a t test, which is used when the standard deviation is estimated from the sample.

Question 12

The difference between the smallest and the largest values in a distribution is the .
A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Accepted Answer

The range is the difference between the smallest and largest values in a distribution. The mean, median, and mode all relate to the central tendency of a distribution, not its range.

Question 13

is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal- level variables. It does not make an adjustment for ties.
A) Tau b
B) Gamma
C) Tau c
D) Symmetric lambda

Accepted Answer

Gamma is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables and does not make an adjustment for ties.

Question 14

In the context of the Internet usage example, suppose we wanted to test whether the probability of observing a K value of .222, as determined by the normalized z statistic, is 0.103. Because this is more than the significance level of 0.05, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. What do the results mean?
A) The distribution of the Internet usage does deviate significantly from the normal distribution.
B) The proportion of users for males and for females is significantly different for the two samples.
C) The distribution of the Internet usage does not deviate significantly from the normal distribution.
D) The proportion of users for males and for females is not significantly different for the two samples.

Accepted Answer

The result indicates that the probability of observing the test statistic is greater than the significance level, meaning there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the distribution of Internet usage does not deviate significantly from the normal distribution.

Question 15

Which program or function listed below is not useful for conducting nonparametric tests?
A) NPAR TESTS
B) Stat>Time Series
C) NPAR1WAY
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which program or function listed below is...

Question 16

A statistical technique that describes two or more variables simultaneously and results in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables that have a limited number of categories or distinct values is a .
A) parametric test
B) cross- tabulation
C) non- parametric test
D) t test

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulation is a statistical technique used to analyze the relationship between two or more categorical variables by creating a contingency table that displays the joint distribution of the variables.

Question 17

is a measure of the percentage improvement in predicting the value of the dependent variable, given the value of the independent variable in contingency table analysis.
A) Tau b
B) Tau c
C) Asymmetric lambda
D) Symmetric lambda

Accepted Answer

Asymmetric lambda is a measure of the percentage improvement in predicting the value of the dependent variable, given the value of the independent variable in contingency table analysis.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not correct about the alternative hypothesis?
A) The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of the null hypothesis.
B) There is no way to determine whether the alternative hypothesis is true.
C) The alternative hypothesis represents the conclusion for which evidence is sought.
D) None of the statements is correct.

Accepted Answer

The alternative hypothesis can be supported by evidence through statistical testing, which can indicate whether it is likely to be true.

Question 19

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using cross- tabulations?
A) The department store is being patronized by more than 10 percent of households.
B) Is familiarity with a new product related to age and education levels?
C) One hotel has a more upscale image than its close competitor.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulations are used to examine the relationship between two or more categorical variables, such as age and education levels in relation to familiarity with a new product.

Question 20

The F test of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance. In this case the hypotheses are . A) H0: µ1 = µ2 H1: µ1 × µ2 B) H0: n1 = n2 H1: n1 × n2 C) H0: µ c 4.0 H1: µ > 4.0 D) H0: a1² = a2² H1: a1²× a2²

Accepted Answer

The F test is used to compare two variances, so the null hypothesis (H0) should state that the variances are equal, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) should state that they are not equal.

Quiz 15: Frequency Distribution, Crosstabulation, and Hypothesis

Which statement is not correct about the null hypothesis?

For the parametric case involving the means of paired samples, the null and alternative hypotheses are .

When the difference in the location of two populations is to be compared based on observations from two independent samples, and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale, the can be used.

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is a .

A frequency distribution helps .

To balance the two types of errors, alpha (a) , also known as _ , is often set at .01 or .05.

The is a symmetric bell- shaped distribution that is useful for small sample (n < 30) testing.

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?

The can be used to assess the strength of association in a table of any size.

is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal- level variables. It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variables is not square but a rectangle.

If the population standard deviation was assumed to be known, rather than estimated from the sample, a would be appropriate rather than a(n) .

The difference between the smallest and the largest values in a distribution is the .

is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal- level variables. It does not make an adjustment for ties.

Which program or function listed below is not useful for conducting nonparametric tests?

A statistical technique that describes two or more variables simultaneously and results in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables that have a limited number of categories or distinct values is a .

is a measure of the percentage improvement in predicting the value of the dependent variable, given the value of the independent variable in contingency table analysis.

Which of the following statements is not correct about the alternative hypothesis?

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using cross- tabulations?

The F test of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance. In this case the hypotheses are .