Question 1

Which of these scenarios represent a token economy in practice?

Accepted Answer

A token economy involves reinforcing desirable behaviors with tokens (like poker chips or checks) that can be exchanged for privileges or items, which is what option A describes.

Question 2

Consider the case where an individual has a phobia to snakes.The client watches the therapist handling snakes without expressing fear of being harmed.After a few times of watching,the client is coaxed into holding a snake.Which therapy is the therapist using with the client to overcome the latter's fear of snakes?

Accepted Answer

Participatory modeling involves the client observing a model (in this case, the therapist) interacting with the feared object (snakes) without adverse consequences, and then gradually engaging in the behavior themselves. This method is used to help the client overcome their phobia by demonstrating safety and encouraging participation.

Question 3

In which of the following situations would response prevention likely be used as an intervention,where the client is exposed to situations that trigger the distressing thoughts and feelings?

Accepted Answer

Response prevention is often used in treating compulsive behaviors, such as compulsive hand washing, by preventing the client from engaging in the compulsive act and thereby reducing the anxiety associated with it.

Question 4

The therapeutic application of observational learning principles is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Modeling is the therapeutic application of observational learning principles, where individuals learn new behaviors by watching others perform them.

Question 5

The use of a token economy is an example of the application of ____ as a therapeutic technique.

Accepted Answer

A token economy is a form of behavior modification designed to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior with the use of tokens. Individuals receive tokens for performing desired behaviors, which they can later exchange for various rewards. This technique is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which involves learning through the consequences of behavior, including rewards and punishments.

Question 6

____ is a psychodynamic therapy technique in which clients say whatever comes to mind,without making any effort to inhibit their speech.

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique used in psychodynamic therapy where clients are encouraged to verbalize thoughts as they occur, without censorship or filtering, to uncover unconscious processes and patterns.

Question 7

Psychodynamic therapy is often called ____-oriented in that it helps clients understand their own psychological process.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy is often referred to as insight-oriented because it focuses on helping clients gain a deeper understanding of their emotions, thoughts, and early life experiences to understand their current behavior and issues.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques could be employed in alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning is a behavioral technique used to reduce undesirable behaviors, such as alcohol abuse, by associating them with unpleasant stimuli.

Question 9

____ is an important client-therapist relationship put forward in Freudian therapy where the client does anything to interfere with therapeutic progress,including coming late to the sessions,talking only about trivial issues,and so on.

Accepted Answer

Resistance is a concept in Freudian therapy that refers to the client's unconscious defense mechanisms that prevent them from engaging fully with the therapeutic process. This can manifest in various ways, such as arriving late, avoiding significant topics, or focusing on trivial matters, all of which serve to protect the client from confronting painful or difficult emotions and memories.

Question 10

Allan has been seeing a female therapist for the past six months.He notices that she is becoming fond of him and says he reminds her of her father.What term would psychoanalysts use to describe this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Countertransference occurs when a therapist begins to transfer their own feelings onto the patient, in this case, the therapist's fondness and comparison of Allan to her father.

Question 11

When systematic desensitization is used to treat phobias,a ____ is constructed to spell out a sequence of increasingly anxiety-provoking situations related to the feared object or situation.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves creating a desensitization hierarchy, which lists situations related to the phobia in order of increasing anxiety levels. This allows the individual to gradually face their fears in a controlled and manageable way.

Question 12

What is the purpose of free association?

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis where the patient is encouraged to share thoughts, words, or anything that comes to mind without censorship. This process allows unconscious material that may be troubling or significant to the individual's psychological state to surface and become conscious, facilitating insight and healing.

Question 13

According to psychoanalytic theory,what purpose does catharsis serve?

Accepted Answer

Catharsis serves the purpose of releasing pent-up emotions, according to psychoanalytic theory. This release is thought to help individuals relieve emotional tension and can lead to a sense of psychological relief.

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary criticism of psychodynamic therapy?

Accepted Answer

The primary criticism of psychodynamic therapy is that it is too lengthy and expensive, making it less accessible for some individuals.

Question 15

Sofia had a habit of biting her nails down so far that they would bleed and cause her pain.To change this behavior,the therapist would blow a loud whistle every time she began to bite her nails in his office.As the behavior decreased during sessions,he suggested that her mother implement the same technique at home and eventually Sofia stopped biting her nails.Which behavioral technique did the therapist use?

Accepted Answer

The therapist used aversive conditioning, a behavioral technique where an unpleasant stimulus (the loud whistle) is paired with an unwanted behavior (nail-biting) to reduce the frequency of that behavior.

Question 16

Identify the term used to describe the situation where a client develops feelings for the therapist that are presumed to reflect the client's feeling for significant others early in life.

Accepted Answer

Transference refers to the phenomenon where clients project feelings and attitudes from a past relationship onto the therapist, often mirroring relationships with significant figures in their early life.

Question 17

For which of the following would systematic desensitization be best employed?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of behavioral therapy used to help effectively overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders. It involves gradually exposing the patient to the anxiety source or its context without any danger, in order to overcome their anxiety. Fear of snakes (C) is a classic example of a phobia where systematic desensitization can be effectively employed.

Question 18

What is the term used to describe a behavior therapy involving conditioning new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning involves conditioning a new response to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors, effectively replacing the unwanted behavior with a desired behavior.

Question 19

____ is commonly used to treat people with phobias by gradually exposing the phobic client to the feared object without arousing anxiety and fear.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a therapeutic technique used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by gradually exposing the patient to the anxiety-producing stimulus in a controlled environment, while teaching them relaxation techniques to cope with their fear.

Question 20

____ employ principles of classical conditioning,operant conditioning,and observational learning in treating clients.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapists use techniques based on classical conditioning (like systematic desensitization), operant conditioning (such as reinforcement), and observational learning (modeling) to help clients change undesirable behaviors.

Quiz 11: Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment