Question 1

Not leaving your house because you fear crowds,repeatedly being fired from jobs due to excessive drinking,or losing your life savings due to compulsive gambling are all examples of ____.

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate maladaptive behavior, which refers to types of actions that inhibit a person's ability to adjust healthily to particular situations. In this context, the behaviors (fear of crowds, excessive drinking, and compulsive gambling) negatively impact the individual's daily functioning and well-being.

Question 2

Identify the behavioral conditioning that explains why some individuals develop troubling behaviors and also why some people fail to develop appropriate behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning explains how behaviors are learned and maintained through reinforcement and punishment. It accounts for the development of troubling behaviors when they are reinforced and the failure to develop appropriate behaviors when they are not reinforced.

Question 3

What is the term used to refer to a pattern of atypical behavior that results in personal distress or significant impairment in a person's social or occupational functioning?

Accepted Answer

Psychological disorder is the correct term used to describe a pattern of atypical behavior that leads to personal distress or significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Question 4

What is the term used to refer to an approach to psychology that proposes psychological disorders are caused by physiological processes,especially those occurring in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The biological perspective in psychology focuses on the idea that psychological disorders and behaviors are rooted in physiological processes, particularly those occurring in the brain. This approach emphasizes the influence of genetics, brain structures, and biochemical processes on behavior and mental health.

Question 5

Which model proposes that psychological disorders can be classified into discrete categories and are analogous to physical diseases?

Accepted Answer

The Medical model proposes that psychological disorders can be classified into discrete categories similar to physical diseases, suggesting that each disorder has a distinct cause, defined symptoms, and a specific treatment.

Question 6

What is a diathesis?

Accepted Answer

A diathesis refers to a predisposition or vulnerability to developing a psychological disorder. This concept is often part of the diathesis-stress model, which suggests that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of this vulnerability and stressful life events.

Question 7

Which psychological approach focuses on observable behavior?

Accepted Answer

The Behavioral perspective focuses on observable behavior, emphasizing the study of objectively observable and measurable behaviors as opposed to internal mental processes.

Question 8

____ perspective assumes that "what u see is not what you get" when analyzing mental illness,while ____ perspective assumes that disordered behavior is caused by readily identifiable factors in the person's environment and is the product of learning.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective suggests that mental illness is the result of complex internal processes, often unconscious, which means "what you see is not what you get." The behavioral perspective, on the other hand, views disordered behavior as a result of learning and interaction with the environment, indicating that causes are identifiable and external.

Question 9

The ____ involves distinguishing one disorder from another.

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis involves distinguishing one disorder from another by systematically comparing their symptoms, signs, and other characteristics.

Question 10

A ____ is a prediction about the likely course of a disorder.

Accepted Answer

A prognosis is a prediction about the likely course of a disorder, including how the condition might change over time and whether there is a chance of recovery or improvement.

Question 11

The ____ perspective holds that ineffective or inaccurate thinking is the root cause of mental illness.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world. It suggests that mental illness can stem from faulty or irrational thought processes.

Question 12

Which of the following are indicators of possible disordered behavior?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are considered indicators of possible disordered behavior. Atypical behavior deviates from what is considered normal, violation of cultural norms indicates behavior that is not accepted by society, and maladaptive behavior interferes with one's ability to function effectively in daily life.

Question 13

The inability to perform normal activities is an indication of ____.

Accepted Answer

Maladaptive behavior is behavior that prevents individuals from adapting to situations in a way that is healthy and productive, often leading to an inability to perform normal activities.

Question 14

____ refers to the apparent causes of a disorder.

Accepted Answer

Etiology refers to the study of the causes or origins of a disease or disorder. It looks into the various factors that contribute to the development of a condition, including biological, environmental, and psychological factors.

Question 15

Which model proposes that it is the interaction of both the predisposition for a disorder and environmental stressors that cause psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful environmental factors or life events. This model emphasizes the interaction between predisposition and stress in causing mental health issues.

Question 16

Behavior that is significantly above or below the average in its frequency of occurrence is termed ____ and thus more likely to be classified as a psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

Atypical behavior deviates significantly from what is considered normal or average, making it a key factor in identifying potential psychological disorders.

Question 17

Which psychological approach descended from the work of Sigmund Freud and focuses on unconscious forces and childhood experiences?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective is directly descended from the work of Sigmund Freud, focusing on how unconscious forces, conflicts, and instincts influence behavior. Freud emphasized the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

Question 18

In Rosenhan's study,he and his colleagues presented themselves as psychiatric patients,claiming that they heard voices and were all subsequently diagnosed as having schizophrenia.What did this study demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Rosenhan's study primarily demonstrated the biasing effects of diagnostic labels, showing how once labeled, the patients' normal behaviors were interpreted through the lens of their diagnoses, often leading to misinterpretation and reinforcement of the schizophrenia label.

Question 19

A ____ is a sign of a disorder.

Accepted Answer

A symptom is an indication or a sign of a disorder, illness, or disease, typically observed by a patient.

Question 20

Which psychological approach emphasizes how social and cultural forces influence mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes how social and cultural forces influence mental illness.

Quiz 11: Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment