Quiz 13: Social Behavior

Which of the following is the scientific study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and behavior are influenced by others? A) Educational psychology B) Clinical psychology C) Experimental psychology D) Social psychology

What does the discipline of social psychology attempt to do? A) Explain how early childhood experiences shape the structure of our personality B) Understand the influences of others on one's thoughts,feelings,and behavior C) Explain how economic factors shape behavior on a societal level D) Understand how social factors influence the onset of psychological disorders

The way we seek to know and understand other people and events is known as ____. A) social perception B) social impression C) impression formation D) external attribution

What are the two areas of social perception? A) Societal relations and social status B) Impression formation and attribution C) Economic status and social relation D) Impression formation and relations establishment

Mark is walking down a dark,deserted city street at night when he suddenly notices a person walking toward him,three blocks ahead.At a distance of one block,he can tell that this person is a man.In less than a minute,their paths will cross.Mark is trying to gather information about the other person for his health and safety.What is the term used to describe this process? A) Social interaction B) Impression formation C) Social relation D) Risk-benefit analysis

What is the process of integrating various sources of information about a person into an overall judgment known as? A) Social interaction B) Impression formation C) Stereotyping D) Perception formation

Human beings are ____ because we identify objects-including other people-according to features that distinguish them from other objects. A) judgmental beings B) homo sapiens C) categorizing creatures D) discriminators

In ____ categorization,physical features such as race,sex,age,and attractiveness are the most common ways to classify people,especially during first encounters. A) economical B) social C) professional D) marital

Ellen is seeing Max for the first time.She evaluates him on the basis of his race,age,and attractiveness.What kind of categorization is Ellen actually engaging in? A) Random categorization B) Physical categorization C) Social categorization D) First-impression categorization

Because we so often categorize people based on superficial physical features,our labeling has become ____,often occurring without conscious thought or effort. A) stereotypical B) rational C) automatic D) None of the above

What is the term used to indicate a fixed way of thinking about people that puts them into categories and does not allow for individual variation? A) Relativism B) Impression formation C) Stereotyping D) Labeling

An experiment was conducted by Galen Bodenhausen where he asked mostly White college students to act as mock jurors in a court case.Some students were told that the defendant was named Carlos Ramirez,and others were told that his name was Robert Johnson.The imaginary Carlos Ramirez (with a the Hispanic-sounding name)was found guilty more often than the imaginary Robert Johnson only when students learned the name before receiving the evidence.What did Bodenhausen conclude from this experiment? A) The Hispanic-sounding name activated student's stereotypes and biased their information processing. B) The origin or sound of the names had no influence on the judgment. C) Ramirez was found guilty more often as he was the one who had the most witnesses against him. D) None of the above

____ are "shortcuts to thinking" that provide us with information about individuals we do not personally know. A) Generalizations B) Judgments C) Stereotypes D) First impressions

Veronica is a high school freshman living in Wisconsin.A new student joins her class,and Veronica learns that she is from California."Ah...A California girl!" exclaims Veronica."She must be a vegetarian who likes to surf and has liberal political beliefs!" What term explains Veronica's statements? A) Attitude formation B) Stereotyping C) Social categorization D) External attribution

Although stereotyping people can ____ our social judgments,these cognitive shortcuts also can ____ our thinking. A) slow down;enhance B) speed up;inhibit C) slow down;inhibit D) speed up;enhance

People tend to believe that physically attractive individuals possess socially desirable personality traits.This belief is called the ____. A) balance theory B) mere exposure effect C) fair world hypothesis D) physical attractiveness stereotype

David perceives Joann as being very bright,outgoing,and happy.He's been wanting to ask her out because he appreciates these qualities.However,he would also like to ask Marcia out,but she is not as pretty as Joann.David believes Joann leads a more fulfilling,interesting life than Marcia.This hypothetical example illustrates the influence of ____. A) the physical attractiveness stereotype B) social categorization C) the central route to persuasion D) discrimination

What are the two beauty standards identified by researchers that are related to reproductive fitness? A) Weight and facial features B) Weight and height C) Hair color and facial features D) None of the above

The physical attractiveness stereotype occurs in ____ cultures. A) collectivist B) individualist C) Both a and b D) None of the above

Regarding weight,cross-cultural studies indicate that men worldwide are generally attracted to women who ____. A) have an equal waist-to-hip ratio B) have fair skin complexion C) have a lower waist-to-hip ratio D) are independent and self-sufficient

The ____ illustrates how we treat people differently based on the degree to which their physical appearance matches one's standards of beauty. A) physical attractiveness stereotype B) fundamental attribution error C) mental block D) None of the above

When the stereotypes associated with a particular group of people are negative and/or condescending,they can form the basis for ____ and ____. A) generalization;wrong impressions B) prejudice;discrimination C) groupism;discrimination D) generalization;limited interactions

____ is defined as an attitude toward members of a specific group that directly or indirectly suggests they deserve an inferior social status. A) Discrimination B) Prejudice C) Stereotyping D) Labeling

Disliking,disrespecting,and/or resenting people because of their group membership are examples of ____. A) discrimination B) segregation C) stereotyping D) prejudice

What is the term used to describe a negative action toward members of stigmatized groups? A) Socialization B) Stigmatization C) Prejudice D) Discrimination

Failing to hire people for jobs because of their group membership is an example of ____. A) prejudice B) discrimination C) stereotyping D) socialization

____ contend that what is valued as desirable and attractive in men and women is that which increases their probability of producing offspring,while ____ maintain that men seek beauty in a woman and women seek power in a man. A) Social scientists;evolutionary theorists B) Collectivist cultures;individualistic cultures C) North Americans;Europeans D) Evolutionary theorists;social scientists

Realistic group conflict theory contends that when groups are in conflict,two important changes occur in each group.The first change involves increased hostility toward the opposing outgroup,and the second change involves an intensification of ingroup loyalty.This pattern of behavior is referred to as ____. A) faction centrism B) egocentrism C) ethnocentrism D) discrimination

In the U.S. ,following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,people's hatred of the Islamic terrorist Osama bin Laden and his followers intensified,and so did patriotism.What term can be used to describe this change in attitude towards the terrorist group,in relation to the pattern of behavior of people in the U.S.? A) Egocentrism B) Ethnocentrism C) Patriotism D) Aversion

What are the two forms that prejudice can take? A) Overt,covert B) Explicit,implicit C) Bias,discrimination D) Hatred,deliberate distancing

Which form of prejudice involves consciously holding negative attitudes toward a group? A) Implicit prejudice B) Pent-up prejudice C) Covered-up prejudice D) Explicit prejudice

____ prejudice involves unconsciously holding negative attitudes toward a group. A) Implicit B) Overt C) Explicit D) Subconscious

Individuals holding which form of prejudicial attitude may believe that they are not prejudiced even while they react negatively toward people in the target group? A) Discriminate prejudicial attitude B) Implicit prejudicial attitude C) Overt prejudicial attitude D) Explicit prejudicial attitude

For a person who wants to be less prejudiced,censoring the ____ and guarding against ____ thinking takes conscious and deliberate attention,like breaking a bad habit. A) explicit prejudice;biased B) negative stereotype;prejudicial C) biased reaction;explicit D) explicit prejudice;superficial

Although automatic stereotype activation makes nonprejudiced responding ____,one can change his or her prejudiced attitudes if they carefully pay attention to what is being ____. A) easy;thought B) difficult;punished C) easy;punished D) difficult;thought

What is the crucial factor in inhibiting prejudiced attitudes? A) Staying away from target groups B) Strength of one's motivation C) Power of one's mind D) None of the above

The biggest obstacle to breaking prejudice habits involves the tension and distress experienced when interacting with a person from a different social group.What term describes this tension? A) Individual-target group tension B) Intergroup anxiety C) Anticipatory stress D) Premeditated anxiety disorder

David goes to the supermarket.When he checks out,the cashier neither smiles nor talks to him.Instantly,David begins to analyze the reason for the cashier's behavior.What is the process David is engaged in? A) Introspection B) Cognitive perception C) Empathizing D) Attribution

____ is the process by which individuals use information to make inferences about the causes of behavior or events. A) Attribution B) Decoding C) Behavioral analysis D) Concept analysis

A(n)____ consists of any explanation of an event that locates the cause as being inside the person,such as personality traits,moods,attitudes,abilities,or effort. A) internal locus B) internal attribution C) external attribution D) internal characteristic

Jason visits his girlfriend at her home and meets her mom for the first time.His girlfriend's mom does not smile or shake his hand during the introductions.Jason infers that she is an unfriendly person.The inference Jason drew about his girlfriend's mom illustrates an ____. A) internal judgment B) internal attribution C) external attribution D) external judgment

What is the term employed to communicate any explanation of an event that locates the cause as being outside the person,such as the actions of others or the nature of the situation? A) External locus B) External characteristic C) External judgment D) External attribution

Linda went to a car dealership to buy a car.However,the salesperson she encountered was rude and impatient.She decides that he is probably having a particularly difficult afternoon and decides to come back another time.The inference Linda makes about the car salesperson is an example of a(n)____. A) external attribution B) internal attribution C) stereotyping D) impression formation

Which was the model developed by Harold Kelly,based on how people make attributions about the behavior of others? A) Tri-component attribution model B) Covariation model C) Attribution process model D) Self-concept model

Which principle states that for something to be the cause of a particular effect,it must be present when the effect occurs and absent when it does not occur? A) Presence-absence principle B) Action-reaction principle C) Cause-effect principle D) Covariation principle

____ information,with regard to the covariation model,deals with the extent to which other people react in the same way to the stimulus object as do the actors. A) Consistency B) Consensus C) Response attitude D) Distinctiveness

Which kind of information in the covariation model concerns the extent to which the actor reacts to the stimulus object in the same way on other occasions? A) Response attitude B) Distinctiveness C) Consistency D) Consensus

To what does the distinctiveness information in Harold Kelley's model refer? A) The extent to which other people react in the same way to the stimulus object as do the actors B) The extent to which the actors react to stimulus object in the same way on other occasions C) The extent to which actors separate their experiences from the others D) The extent to which the actors react in the same way to other,different stimulus objects

When explaining others' actions,people from individualist cultures tend to make internal attributions rather than external attributions.What is the term given to this bias? A) Fundamental attribution error B) Mere exposure effect C) Introspective analysis D) Internal attribution error

Identify the term that indicates the positive or negative evaluation of an object. A) Impression B) Attitude C) Perception D) Attribution

People seem to develop positive attitudes naturally toward those things that are repeatedly presented to them.What is this phenomenon? A) Cognitive dissonance B) Elaboration likelihood feeling C) Mere exposure effect D) Companionate love

What was Theodore Mita and his colleagues trying to illustrate through their experiment when they reasoned that people are more exposed to their mirrored facial images than they are to their true facial images and thus should have more positive attitudes toward the former than the latter? A) Cognitive dissociation B) Mere exposure effect C) Self-adoration D) Elaboration likelihood feeling

What is the significance of mere exposure effect? A) It illustrates how attitudes are the result of situation. B) It illustrates how people like their mirror-imaged photographs better that the original. C) It illustrates how attitudes are altered in relation to environmental conditions. D) It illustrates how attitudes sometimes develop outside the realm of conscious awareness.

What is the process of consciously attempting to change attitudes through the transmission of some message called? A) Enlightenment B) Rhetoric C) Persuasion D) Elaboration

Identify the persuasion theory developed by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo. A) Elaboration likelihood model B) Cognitive dissonance theory C) Mere exposure effect D) Cognitive rational theory

The term ____ refers to the probability that a person who receives a persuasive message will elaborate on the information contained in the message. A) cognitive dissonance B) elaboration likelihood C) reasoned action D) probability interpretation

According to which model do people engage in either high or low elaboration when processing persuasive messages? A) Cognitive dissonance model B) Path analysis model C) Elaboration likelihood model D) Persuasive model

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion,attitude change can occur without A) Reducing cognitive dissonance B) Increasing cognitive dissonance C) The audience inhibition effect D) Comprehension of the persuasive message

The two routes to ____ are the central route and the peripheral route. A) message sending B) persuasion C) impression formation D) cognitive dissonance

In which route to persuasion is the message content influenced by the strength and quality of the arguments? A) Peripheral route B) Commencing route C) Conclusive route D) Central route

According to the elaboration likelihood model,when unable or unwilling to analyze a message,individuals may take the ____ route to persuasion. A) peripheral B) central C) logical D) rhetorical

Physically attractive people and funny people are often found in television commercials trying to convince the audience to buy their products.The advertisers use these types of people to sell their products probably because they think that their audience is often taking the ____ to persuasion when watching these commercials. A) central route B) direct route C) peripheral route D) indirect route

Who developed the cognitive dissonance theory? A) Richard Petty and John Cacioppo B) Hans Selye C) Leon Festinger D) Harold Kelley

What is the feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that is inconsistent with one's attitudes? A) Cognitive indecision B) Cognitive dissonance C) Cognitive complexity D) Cognitive discontentedness

What was the initial assumption underlying cognitive dissonance theory? A) Everyone has an equal desire to think and act consistently. B) People always act consistently. C) Everyone does not have an equal capability to act consistently. D) Most people do not care whether they think or act consistently.

People from collectivist cultures are socialized to think of group needs before their own needs;it is more acceptable for them to behave in a manner inconsistent with their attitudes than it is for individualists.What does this say to us about the desire for consistency? A) It is more common in collectivist,rather than individualist,cultures. B) It is less common in collectivist,rather than individualist,cultures. C) The desire for consistency is equally common in both collectivist and individualist cultures. D) None of the above

Which two factors derail expected cognitive dissonance effects? A) Cultural relativism and avoidance behavior B) Cultural upbringing and a person's psychological needs C) Self-esteem needs and one's need for inconsistency D) A need to belong to a group and early childhood experience

What is the term for the exercise of social power by a person or group to change the attitudes or behavior of others in a certain direction? A) Social attribution B) Social motivation C) Social influence D) Social directives

____ refers to the force available to the influencer to motivate this change,which can originate from having access to certain resources or from being liked and admired by others. A) Social power B) Social attribution C) Social influence D) Social directives

What are the three main behavioral consequences of social influence? A) Conformity,compliance,and obedience B) Loyalty,conformity,and obedience C) Homogeneity,compliance,and conformity D) Compliance,accordance,and obedience

What did Solomon Asch investigate in his line judgment studies? A) Compliance B) Conformity C) Obedience to authority D) Roles

Yielding to perceived group pressure is known as ____. A) compliance B) conformity C) obedience D) accordance

Which factor that influences conformity occurs when we resist social influence in order to feel we are in control of our actions? A) Desire for personal control B) Social support C) Group cohesiveness D) Group segregation

In general,groups with a ____ sense of togetherness elicit ____ levels of conformity than less cohesive groups. A) weak;higher B) strong;higher C) strong;lower D) weak;lower

Publicly acting in accordance with a direct request is referred to as ____. A) compliance B) conformity C) obedience D) audience inhibition effect

"Would you please donate fifty dollars to the Hunger Task Force?" A person asking this question is attempting a type of social influence termed ____. A) obedience B) conformity C) compliance D) persuasion

What occurs when we act in accordance with a direct request despite privately disagreeing with the idea? A) Internal compliance B) External compliance C) Conformity D) None of the above

____ occurs because we are concerned with how others might respond if we refuse them. A) Conformity B) Persuasion C) External compliance D) Obedience

If people are suspicious of our motives when we flatter them,flattery is ____ effective in securing compliance. A) almost never B) still often C) always D) never

The ____ norm states that one should return a favor or a good deed,and it is based on maintaining fairness in social relationships. A) persuasion B) reciprocity C) additive D) eye-for-eye

While you are waiting for a flight in the Los Angeles airport,a man approaches you and gives you a flower.He then asks you to donate some money to his organization.He is trying to gain your compliance through the ____. A) balance theory B) reciprocity norm C) conformity norm D) matching hypothesis

Whose research demonstrated that people often obey destructive orders? A) Harold Kelley B) Stanley Milgram C) Hans Selye D) Richard Petty

____ is the performance of an action in response to a direct order. A) Impact B) Compliance C) Obedience D) Reaction

Which factor did Milgram's research demonstrate? A) Obedience to authority B) Social roles C) Compliance to requests D) Conformity to group norms

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study? A) Once the learner's cries for help became desperate,almost all participants refused to give any additional shocks. B) Shocks were not actually given to the learner. C) Male participants were more likely to give shocks to the learner than women. D) These obedience results were found only among Americans,and similar findings were not obtained in other cultures.

What percentage of the participants in Milgram's study obeyed the experimenter completely,despite hearing what they thought were cries of agony from the learner? A) 10 percent B) 50 percent C) 30 percent D) 65 percent

Milgram found in his follow-up studies that obedience increased as the ____ between the teacher and the learner increased. A) amount of interaction B) distance C) similarity D) hostility

What is the term employed to convey any form of behavior intended to harm another living being? A) Revenge B) Aggression C) Sadism D) Criminal mentality

____ entails voluntary behavior that is carried out to benefit another. A) Substituting B) Helping C) Delegating D) Commanding

Which type of aggression is the intentional use of harmful behavior simply to cause injury or death to the victim? A) Instrumental aggression B) Active aggression C) Hostile aggression D) Criminal aggression

What is instrumental aggression motivated by? A) Fear of being physically harmed B) Anticipation of rewards C) Desire to directly and immediately cause physical harm to another person D) Desire to gossip

The military uses which form of aggression for the purpose of defending the country's territory? A) Hostile aggression B) Instrumental aggression C) Passive aggression D) Indirect aggression

Men are more likely than women to engage in physical aggression that ____. A) is indirect B) is provoked by stress C) produces pain or physical injury D) None of the above

Men are more likely than women to view physical aggression as a ____. A) result of stress B) loss of self-control C) negative experience D) positive experience

____ is a form of social manipulation in which the aggressor attempts to harm another person without a face-to-face encounter. A) Overt aggression B) Physical aggression C) Indirect aggression D) Bout aggression

Women are more likely to use ____ aggression than men. A) indirect B) physical C) hostile D) All of the above

All of the following are examples of indirect aggression except ____. A) revealing someone's secrets B) spreading rumors about someone C) telling others not to associate with a person D) pushing someone

____ with higher testosterone levels in their blood tend to be more physically aggressive. A) Adolescents B) Men C) Women D) People

Leonard Berkowitz developed the ____ model to explain how aggression is often triggered by circumstances that arouse negative affect;such circumstances might include experiencing frustration,pain,or extreme temperatures or encountering people whom we dislike. A) bystander intervention B) covariation C) cognitive-neoassociationist D) elaboration likelihood

According to Berkowitz,when cognitive-associations are sufficiently strong,activating any one of them will likely activate the others.What did he call this process? A) Initiation B) Invitation C) Priming D) Delivery

Research suggests that ____ are crucial in modifying and controlling our aggressive impulses. A) priming and alarming B) self-control and self-esteem C) self-awareness and self-regulation D) ego and self-esteem

People who rescued Jews in Nazi-occupied territory during World War II were more likely than nonrescuers to say that they ____. A) enjoy engaging in high risk behaviors B) were born leaders C) were born with a sense of generosity D) learned generosity and caring from their parents

When are men more likely to help than women? A) When the situation involves an element of danger B) Emotional support is needed C) The person needing help is a male D) Assistance is consistent with the female gender role

Women are more likely than men to ____. A) provide social and emotional support to others B) volunteer for community service C) care for children and elderly people D) All of the above

Identify the fist step one needs to take when following the five-step model of bystander intervention. A) Decide if help is actually needed B) Decide whether you would know how to help under the particular circumstances C) Notice that something unusual is happening D) Decide whether it is your responsibility to help

In ambiguous emergency situations,the fear of being negatively evaluated,combined with the tendency to look to others for further information,results in the ____. A) scooting B) diffusion of responsibility C) audience inhibition effect D) lack of participation

What is the audience inhibition effect associated with? A) Concern of how others might evaluate the individual B) Desire to maintain balance in our thoughts,feelings,and social relationships C) Observational learning D) Culture of honor

Sometimes when many people witness a situation that is clearly an emergency,they do not help.What process,proposed by Darley and Latané,provides an explanation for this phenomenon? A) Diffusion of responsibility B) Audience inhibition effect C) Culture of honor D) Fundamental attribution error

____ is the belief that the presence of other people in a situation makes one less personally responsible for events that occur. A) Audience inhibition effect B) Diffusion of responsibility C) Culture of honor D) Fundamental attribution error

You are in a statistics class and your instructor trips and hits her head on her desk.Although there are 30 students in the class,no one moves to help her.Which of the following provides a possible explanation for this behavior? A) Diffusion of responsibility B) Matching hypothesis C) Fundamental attribution error D) Culture of honor

What is one of the most powerful predictors of whether one will develop a relationship with another person? A) The amount of cognitive dissonance about the other person B) Proximity C) Being the opposite of that person ("opposites attract") D) The person's sense of humor

____ and ____ are the two ingredients essential in attraction. A) Physical proportion;ethnic similarity B) Proximity;dissimilarity C) Proximity;similarity D) Education;understanding

What is the matching hypothesis? A) The tendency to be attracted to similar others B) The idea that people desire cognitive consistency or "balance" in their thoughts,feelings,and social relationships C) The hypothesis that males are socialized to reciprocate an attack on their reputation with violence D) The hypothesis that females are just as aggressive as males

Which of the following theories provides an explanation for why similarity leads to liking? A) Mere exposure theory B) Balance theory C) Two-factor theory of emotion D) Attribution theory

Which theory proposes that because of the desire for consistency,balanced relationships should be rewarding,while imbalanced relationships should be unpleasant? A) Mere exposure theory B) Two-factor theory C) Balance theory D) Attribution theory

____ love is a state of intense longing for union with another that we typically experience most intensely during the early stages of a romantic relationship. A) Sympathetic love B) Compassionate love C) Physical love D) Passionate love

Rico and Roxanne have been going out for about two months.They both get a knot in their stomach every time they see each other.Whenever they are apart,they long to be together again.Psychologists call this ____ love. A) platonic B) companionate C) passionate D) compassionate

According to the two-factor theory of emotion,when we experience ____ arousal in the presence of someone who fits our idea of a suitable romantic partner,we are likely to interpret this arousal as romantic and sexual attraction.This is the beginning of ____. A) physical arousal;passionate love B) physiological arousal;passionate love C) emotional;compassionate love D) psychological;empathetic love

What is the term employed to convey the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined? A) Passionate love B) Companionate love C) Obligated love D) Compassionate love

____ develops out of a sense of certainty in one another's love and respect,as well as a feeling of genuine mutual understanding. A) Compassionate love B) Passionate love C) Platonic love D) Companionate love

Individualist societies place greater emphasis on ____ as a primary basis for marriage than collectivist societies. A) staying married B) romantic love C) matching hypothesis D) balance theory

Barb loves her husband very much.Although she no longer believes he is perfect like she did when they first met,she is certain of his love for her and her love for him.Over the years they have developed a feeling of genuine mutual understanding.Psychologists call this ____ love. A) comfortable B) platonic C) companionate D) passionate

Which of the following is one of the differences between passionate love and companionate love? A) Couples who feel passionate love have a more idealized perception of each other. B) Passionate love is a more enduring kind of love than companionate love. C) Companionate love is usually only experienced during the early stages of romance. D) It is more likely for heterosexual couples to experience companionate love and for homosexual couples to experience passionate love.

____ not only makes lovers feel better and increases relationship trust,but also can create a self-fulfilling prophecy. A) Partner-enhancing bias B) Mind reading C) Self-serving bias D) Balance theory

Name the four strategies to handle relationship conflict. A) Loyalty,neglect,voice,exit B) Loyalty,dissatisfaction,exit,listen C) Arguing,denial,neglect,exit D) Angry,loyalty,voice,dissatisfaction

Research indicates that jealousy is related to strong feelings of ____ and ____. A) dependence;relationship insecurity B) security;comparisons C) companionate love;inferiority complex D) self-esteem;greed

All jealousy coping strategies boil down to two major goals,trying to maintain the relationship and trying to maintain ____. A) composure B) balance C) self-esteem D) self-consistency

What may you do if you are jealous and desire to maintain the relationship regardless of the effect on your self-esteem? A) Try to reach a mutually satisfying solution B) Put up with the part of your partner's behavior that makes you jealous C) Use verbal and physical attacks against your partner D) Engage in self-destructive behavior

John is jealous of his wife and has suggested they go to counseling so they can work out their problems.How might he feel towards the relationship and his self-esteem? A) He might feel no desire to maintain his relationship and no desire to improve his self-esteem. B) He might want to maintain his relationship and his self-esteem. C) He might want to maintain his relationship regardless of the effect it has on his self-esteem. D) None of the above

Women with heavy bodies have ____ waist-to-hip ratios,and cross-cultural research indicates that heavy women are considered attractive in societies with ____ food supplies. A) high;highly unreliable B) high;highly reliable C) low;highly unreliable D) low;highly reliable

Regarding heterosexual mating preferences,what is the looks-for-status exchange? A) Men exchange their looks for women's social status. B) High status people have the luxury to purchase products to enhance their physical attractiveness. C) Wealthy people exchange their wealth for other's good looks. D) Women exchange their beauty for men's social power.

According to ____,when two groups compete for scarce resources such as jobs,housing,consumer sales,or even food,this competition creates a breeding ground for prejudice A) social dominance theory B) realistic group conflict theory C) the covariation model D) fundamental attribution error

What is the name of the famous 1954 study conducted with 12 year-old boys to test the hypotheses derived from realistic group conflict theory? A) Milgram's Obedience Study B) Elaboration-Likelihood Study C) The Line Judgment Study D) Robbers' Cave Study

In prejudice research and theory,what is a superordinate goal? A) A mutually shared goal that can be achieved only through intergroup cooperation. B) A group goal requiring superior effort and order to achieve. C) A goal that can be achieved by ordinary group members. D) A goal to reduce prejudice and achieve understanding among members.

____ involves consciously holding attitudes that directly or indirectly suggest that members of a social group deserve an inferior social status,while ____ involves unconsciously holding those attitudes. A) Implicit prejudice;explicit prejudice B) Explicit prejudice;implicit prejudice C) Prejudice;discrimination D) Discrimination;prejudice

When Bessie is interacting with Ben,who is a member of a different race than that of Bessie,Bessie is worried that she may say something that will offend Ben and cause him to think that she is prejudiced toward people of Ben's race.Bessie is experiencing ____. A) intergroup anxiety B) intergroup intolerance C) anxious ambivalence D) implicit prejudice

When low-prejudiced persons first try to respond in a nonprejudiced manner,what often spontaneously triggers a prejudiced response? A) Self-regulation B) Guilt C) Self-awareness D) Stereotype activation

"I went to the store yesterday and the cashier in the check-out line was very unfriendly to me.I think she is a very rude person!" I have just made a(n)____ attribution for the cashier's behavior. A) internal B) external C) explicit D) implicit

When Omolia hears his voice on a recording he says he doesn't like the sound very much,but his friends tell him that they like the sound of his voice on the recording.The different response to the recording between Omolia and his friends can be explained by the ____. A) fundamental attribution error B) self-serving bias C) covariation model D) mere exposure effect

Discuss the implications of the Bodenhausen (1988)mock court experiment involving the fictional defendants Carlos Ramirez and Robert Johnson.What did Bodenhausen find in regard to stereotyping?

Summarize the gender differences in aggression including the concepts of physical vs.verbal aggression,indirect aggression,and hormones.

What shapes beauty standards besides dominant cultural values?

How can prejudicial habits be broken?

Why are we so interested in making attributions about other people's behavior? Also discuss internal and external attributions in this regard.

People make casual judgments about everyday events.Explain this statement in context to Harold Kelley's covariation model.

Why is the fundamental attribution error more common in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures?

Discuss the more recent studies into Milgram's original obedience research and their findings.

Discuss positive illusions and the partner enhancing bias.

Discuss four strategies people use to handle relationship conflict.

Discuss how psychological femininity and masculinity affect conflict resolution in romantic relationships.