Question 1

Describe the case of H.M. Explain how he acquired his memory problems, and discuss the types of deficits he experienced and the functions of his brain that were spared.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Acquiring memory problems: He had his temporal lobes removed at age 27 in order to treat severe epilepsy. Deficits: severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia (give examples). Spared: intelligence, ability to learn new skill memories.

Question 2

Declarative memory:
A) includes both semantic and episodic memory.
B) is the same as implicit memory.
C) is not consciously accessible.
D) includes semantic memory but not episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory, also known as explicit memory, includes both semantic memory (facts and general knowledge) and episodic memory (personal experiences and events).

Question 3

Give an example of an episodic memory related to the experience of driving a car.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Examples may include: remembering being in an accident, remembering one's first driving lesson, remembering getting a speeding ticket, and so forth. Answer must be specific enough to demonstrate an understanding of the distinction between episodic and semantic memory.

Question 4

Knowing that the speed limit on a highway is 65 kmph is an example of _____ memory.
A) nondeclarative
B) implicit
C) semantic
D) episodic

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of declarative memory that involves the recall of general facts and knowledge, such as the speed limit on a highway.

Question 5

Remembering that one received a B in one's last math test is an example of _____ memory.
A) nondeclarative
B) implicit
C) semantic
D) episodic

Accepted Answer

Remembering receiving a B in one's last math test is an example of episodic memory, as it involves recalling a specific event from one's own life.

Question 6

Damage to the diencephalon can lead to:
A) retrograde amnesia, but not anterograde amnesia.
B) difficulty determining what information to store.
C) anterograde amnesia and confabulation.
D) difficulty remembering one's identity.

Accepted Answer

Damage to the diencephalon, particularly the thalamus and hypothalamus, can result in anterograde amnesia and confabulation, often seen in conditions like Korsakoff's syndrome.

Question 7

The finding that scrub jays can remember what type of food they stored in different locations as well as how long ago it was stored demonstrates that scrub jays may have _____ memory.
A) an episodic
B) a semantic
C) declarative
D) nondeclarative

Accepted Answer

Scrub jays' ability to remember specific details about what type of food was stored and when it was stored indicates they possess episodic memory, which is the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge). This type of memory allows individuals to recall past experiences.

Question 8

The findings regarding the effect of electroconvulsive shock on memory have been used to support the idea that:
A) information is remembered best when it can be related to prior knowledge.
B) memory is best when the encoding and retrieval contexts are the same.
C) memories have a consolidation period.
D) memory is better when more cues are present.

Accepted Answer

The findings regarding the effect of electroconvulsive shock on memory support the idea that memories have a consolidation period. This is because electroconvulsive shock disrupts memories that are not fully consolidated, indicating that there is a specific period during which memories are vulnerable and need to solidify.

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE regarding episodic and semantic memory?
A) Semantic memory has autobiographical content, while episodic memory does not.
B) Episodic memory is acquired in a single exposure, while semantic memory usually requires multiple exposures.
C) Semantic memory is accessible to conscious recall, while episodic memory is not.
D) Episodic memory can be communicated in a format other than that in which it was acquired, while semantic memory cannot be communicated in a different format.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory, which involves personal experiences and events, can often be acquired in a single exposure because it is tied to specific contexts and times. Semantic memory, on the other hand, generally involves facts and knowledge about the world that usually requires repetition and multiple exposures to be firmly established.

Question 10

Describe the effect of repeated exposure on semantic memory and on episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the effect of repeated exposure on...

Question 11

Give an example of a semantic memory related to the experience of playing a sport.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of a semantic memory...

Question 12

Tanya remembers that her favorite celebrity is going to have twins, but she can't recall where she heard this bit of gossip. This is an example of:
A) proactive interference.
B) retroactive interference.
C) source amnesia.
D) false memory.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of source amnesia, which occurs when someone can remember information but cannot recall where, when, or how they learned that information.

Question 13

If one studies for a psychology test, then studies for a biology test, one's memory for the biology material can make it harder to remember the psychology material. This is an example of:
A) false memory.
B) transfer-appropriate processing.
C) proactive interference.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information. In this scenario, studying biology (new information) interferes with the memory of psychology material (old information).

Question 14

According to the textbook, what are the two similarities between episodic and semantic memory? Describe each one.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook, what are the...

Question 15

Francis has no memory for what he did today, although he can remember his childhood well. Which type of amnesia is Francis suffering from?
A) source
B) infantile
C) anterograde
D) retrograde

Accepted Answer

Francis is suffering from anterograde amnesia, which is characterized by an inability to form new memories after the onset of the condition, while memories from before the event remain intact.

Question 16

Transient global amnesia:
A) is one of the rarest forms of amnesia.
B) is psychological in nature.
C) usually lasts a few hours or days.
D) involves forgetting one's identity.

Accepted Answer

Transient global amnesia typically lasts for a few hours, though it can sometimes last up to a day. It is characterized by sudden, temporary episodes of memory loss, during which the person cannot form new memories and may repeatedly ask the same questions. This condition does not involve forgetting one's identity, which distinguishes it from some other forms of amnesia. It is not considered one of the rarest forms of amnesia, nor is it primarily psychological in nature; rather, it is a neurological condition.

Question 17

Which principle was demonstrated by Godden and Baddeley's finding that divers remembered material best if they learned and were tested in the same environment?
A) interference
B) transfer-appropriate processing
C) consolidation
D) false memory

Accepted Answer

Godden and Baddeley's study demonstrated the principle of transfer-appropriate processing, which suggests that memory performance is not only dependent on the depth of processing (as per the levels-of-processing framework) but also on the similarity of the encoding and retrieval contexts. Their finding that divers remembered material better when the learning and testing environments matched (e.g., both underwater or both on land) supports this principle, indicating that the cognitive processes used during encoding are more effectively matched and utilized during retrieval when the contexts are similar.

Question 18

Which brain area is involved in determining which information has to be stored?
A) hippocampus
B) frontal cortex
C) diencephalon
D) basal forebrain

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which brain area is involved in determining...

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE regarding the level of processing idea?
A) One remembers information better when one thinks about its meaning than when one focuses on more superficial characteristics.
B) It is clear how to determine whether information is processed deeply.
C) One remembers information best when it is presented multiple times.
D) There does not seem to be any difference in brain activity during "deep" versus "superficial" processing of information.

Accepted Answer

The level of processing idea suggests that the depth at which information is thought about affects how well it is remembered. Thinking about the meaning of information (deep processing) leads to better memory retention than focusing on superficial characteristics (shallow processing).

Question 20

Which brain area is involved in forming new episodic and semantic memories?
A) hippocampus
B) frontal cortex
C) diencephalon
D) basal forebrain

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new episodic and semantic memories, playing a key role in the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory.

Quiz 7: Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Describe the case of H.M. Explain how he acquired his memory problems, and discuss the types of deficits he experienced and the functions of his brain that were spared.

Declarative memory:

Give an example of an episodic memory related to the experience of driving a car.

Knowing that the speed limit on a highway is 65 kmph is an example of _____ memory.

Remembering that one received a B in one's last math test is an example of _____ memory.

Damage to the diencephalon can lead to:

The finding that scrub jays can remember what type of food they stored in different locations as well as how long ago it was stored demonstrates that scrub jays may have _____ memory.

The findings regarding the effect of electroconvulsive shock on memory have been used to support the idea that:

Which statement is TRUE regarding episodic and semantic memory?

Describe the effect of repeated exposure on semantic memory and on episodic memory.

Give an example of a semantic memory related to the experience of playing a sport.

Tanya remembers that her favorite celebrity is going to have twins, but she can't recall where she heard this bit of gossip. This is an example of:

If one studies for a psychology test, then studies for a biology test, one's memory for the biology material can make it harder to remember the psychology material. This is an example of:

According to the textbook, what are the two similarities between episodic and semantic memory? Describe each one.

Francis has no memory for what he did today, although he can remember his childhood well. Which type of amnesia is Francis suffering from?

Transient global amnesia:

Which principle was demonstrated by Godden and Baddeley's finding that divers remembered material best if they learned and were tested in the same environment?

Which brain area is involved in determining which information has to be stored?

Which statement is TRUE regarding the level of processing idea?

Which brain area is involved in forming new episodic and semantic memories?