Question 1

Nicole has created a table that summarizes the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs.Nicole has created a ____ distribution.
A) parameter
B) normal
C) frequency
D) probability

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution summarizes the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs. Parameter is a numerical summary of a population. Normal distribution describes a continuous probability distribution. Probability distribution describes the probability of each possible value or range of values for a random variable.

Question 2

Suppose the price of MP3 players in Denver range from $59 to $179.Then, the range of these prices is ____.
A) $59
B) $120
C) $179
D) $238

Accepted Answer

The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of data. In this case, the highest price is $179 and the lowest price is $59.
Therefore, the range is:
$179 - $59 = $120. 
So, the correct option is B.

Question 3

Nonresponse bias causes problems because it means that the sampling units that participated are different from those that did not participate.

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals who do not respond to a survey or study have different characteristics from those who do participate. This can result in a biased sample that does not accurately represent the population being studied.

Question 4

Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2, 5, 7, 4, 8.
A) 4.8
B) 5.2
C) 7.0
D) 26.0

Accepted Answer

To find the mean, you add up all the scores and divide by the total number of scores. 
(2+5+7+4+8)/5 = 5.2

Question 5

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT for.
A) It is symmetrical about its mean.
B) The mean identifies the normal curve's highest point.
C) The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 2.
D) The normal curve has an infinite number of cases (it is a continuous distribution).

Accepted Answer

The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1, not a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 2.

Question 6

In a test marked study, 206 out of a sample of 560 people state that they "liked" the product being studied.The proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about:
A) .23
B) .37
C) .56
D) .71

Accepted Answer

To find the proportion of people who liked the product, we divide the number of people who liked it (206) by the total sample size (560): 206/560 ≈ 0.37. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 7

The main reason a large sample size is desirable is that sample size is related to random sampling error.

Accepted Answer

A larger sample size reduces the random sampling error, making the results more representative of the population being studied.

Question 8

What is the most useful distribution in inferential statistics?
A) standard deviation
B) variance
C) deviation
D) standardized normal distribution

Accepted Answer

The standardized normal distribution is the most useful distribution in inferential statistics because it allows for comparison and calculation of probabilities across different sample sizes and populations. It is also commonly used in hypothesis testing and confidence interval calculations. The other options (standard deviation, variance, deviation) are measures of variability and not distributions.

Question 9

____ is the percentage of elements that meet some criterion for membership in a category.
A) Proportion
B) Central tendency
C) Estimation
D) Deviation

Accepted Answer

Proportion refers to the percentage or fraction of elements that belong to a particular category. It is a measure of the relative size of a subset of a population in relation to the whole population. It is commonly used in statistics and research to describe the prevalence or frequency of a certain characteristic or trait in a sample or population. Central tendency refers to measures such as mean, median, and mode, that describe the central or typical value of a distribution. Estimation refers to the process of making an educated guess or prediction about an unknown value based on available information. Deviation refers to the extent to which a data point or value differs from the average or expected value.

Question 10

A researcher must calculate the sample mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

Accepted Answer

The sample mean is a necessary input in the formula for calculating confidence intervals.

Question 11

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the ____.
A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Accepted Answer

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is known as the median. The mean is the arithmetic average of all the values in the distribution, the mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the distribution, and the range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in the distribution. But only the median divides the distribution in half, hence B is the best choice.

Question 12

A summary number that allows analysts to compare the characteristics of a sample with some population benchmark, characteristics of another sample, or some other critical value are called __________________.:
A) metrics
B) parameters
C) estimates
D) scores

Accepted Answer

Metrics are measurements or indicators that allow for comparison between samples, populations, or critical values. Parameters are specific numerical values that describe a population, estimates are calculated values based on a sample, and scores are individual values indicating performance or achievement. Therefore, metrics is the best choice for the given definition.

Question 13

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1)the variance of the population; (2)the population mean; and (3)the confidence level.

Accepted Answer

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1)the variance of the population; (2)the magnitude of acceptable error;and (3)the confidence level.

Question 14

The confidence interval increases as the sample size, n, increases.

Accepted Answer

The confidence interval decreases as the sample size increases.

Question 15

The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the ____.
A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Accepted Answer

The mode is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often. The mean is the average of all values and the median is the middle value when the data is arranged in order. The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.

Question 16

When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St.Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of:
A) descriptive statistics
B) the central limit theorem
C) inferential statistics
D) the standardized normal distribution

Accepted Answer

This is an example of inferential statistics because the researcher is using the results from a sample (the test market in St. Louis and Kansas City) to make inferences about a larger population (national market share). Descriptive statistics would simply describe the characteristics of the sample, while the central limit theorem and the standardized normal distribution are mathematical concepts that are used in statistical analysis but do not directly apply to this scenario.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores?
A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) range

Accepted Answer

Range is a measure of variability, not central tendency. Mode, median, and mean are all measures of central tendency.

Question 18

The midpoint of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.
A) proportion
B) mode
C) mean
D) median

Accepted Answer

The midpoint of a set of numbers is referred to as the median. The mean is the average of a set of numbers. The mode is the number that appears most frequently in a set of numbers. The term "proportion" is not directly related to finding the midpoint of a set of numbers.

Question 19

Suppose the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co.plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month.Then, the deviation score for this one day is ____.
A) -4
B) -2
C) +2
D) +4

Accepted Answer

The deviation score is calculated by subtracting the actual value from the average value. In this case, 18 (actual) - 22 (average) = -4.

Question 20

Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?
A) heteroskedasticity
B) mode
C) median
D) top-box score

Accepted Answer

The top-box score refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question. A refers to the presence of unequal variances in a set of data, B refers to the most frequently occurring value in a set of data, and C refers to the middle value in a set of data.

Quiz 13: Big Data Basics: Describing Samples and Populations

Nicole has created a table that summarizes the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs.Nicole has created a ____ distribution.

Suppose the price of MP3 players in Denver range from $59 to $179.Then, the range of these prices is ____.

Nonresponse bias causes problems because it means that the sampling units that participated are different from those that did not participate.

Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2, 5, 7, 4, 8.

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT for.

In a test marked study, 206 out of a sample of 560 people state that they "liked" the product being studied.The proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about:

The main reason a large sample size is desirable is that sample size is related to random sampling error.

What is the most useful distribution in inferential statistics?

____ is the percentage of elements that meet some criterion for membership in a category.

A researcher must calculate the sample mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the ____.

A summary number that allows analysts to compare the characteristics of a sample with some population benchmark, characteristics of another sample, or some other critical value are called __________________.:

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1)the variance of the population; (2)the population mean; and (3)the confidence level.

The confidence interval increases as the sample size, n, increases.

The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the ____.

When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St.Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of:

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores?

The midpoint of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.

Suppose the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co.plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month.Then, the deviation score for this one day is ____.

Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?