Deck 13: Big Data Basics: Describing Samples and Populations

Question 1

The central limit theorem states that, as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of size n (when randomly selected)approaches a normal distribution.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The mean is simply the arithmetic average.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The central limit theorem prevents inferential statistics from being used.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Population parameters are computed from sample data.

Question 5

A cross reference is an estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value.

Question 6

The average deviation score is frequently used in marketing research studies.

Question 7

A confidence interval estimate is a specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie.

Question 8

The bottom-box score is the portion of respondents who choose the least favorable response to some question about customer opinion.

Question 9

The mode is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often.

Question 10

A top box score generally refers to the frequency count of respondents who choose the most favorable response toward a company.

Question 11

The confidence interval estimate is a range of numbers within which the researcher is confident that the population mean will lie.

Question 12

The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to make a judgment about a population.

Question 13

If between 125 and 150 units of a product have been produced each day during the past month, the range of this production is 25 units.

Question 14

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a sample distribution.

Question 15

The midpoint of a distribution, above which and below which half of the scores fall, is called the mode.

Question 16

Percentage frequency is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

Question 17

Auxiliary variables are those that the researcher should build into a survey that allow a comparison between sample units that do respond and those that do not respond.

Question 18

The value of Z is computed by the formula: Z = (X - $\mu$ )/ $\sigma$ .

Question 19

The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1.0 and a standard deviation of zero.

Question 20

One hundred percent of the scores in a normal distribution fall within plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.

Question 21

Nicole has created a table that summarizes the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs.Nicole has created a ____ distribution.

A) parameter
B) normal
C) frequency
D) probability

Question 22

Suppose the price of MP3 players in Denver range from $59 to $179.Then, the range of these prices is ____.

A) $59
B) $120
C) $179
D) $238

Question 23

Nonresponse bias causes problems because it means that the sampling units that participated are different from those that did not participate.

Question 24

Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2, 5, 7, 4, 8.

A) 4.8
B) 5.2
C) 7.0
D) 26.0

Question 25

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT for.

A) It is symmetrical about its mean.
B) The mean identifies the normal curve's highest point.
C) The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 2.
D) The normal curve has an infinite number of cases (it is a continuous distribution).

Question 26

In a test marked study, 206 out of a sample of 560 people state that they "liked" the product being studied.The proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about:

A) .23
B) .37
C) .56
D) .71

Question 27

The main reason a large sample size is desirable is that sample size is related to random sampling error.

Question 28

What is the most useful distribution in inferential statistics?

A) standard deviation
B) variance
C) deviation
D) standardized normal distribution

Question 29

____ is the percentage of elements that meet some criterion for membership in a category.

A) Proportion
B) Central tendency
C) Estimation
D) Deviation

Question 30

A researcher must calculate the sample mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

Question 31

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the ____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 32

A summary number that allows analysts to compare the characteristics of a sample with some population benchmark, characteristics of another sample, or some other critical value are called __________________.:

A) metrics
B) parameters
C) estimates
D) scores

Question 33

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1)the variance of the population; (2)the population mean; and (3)the confidence level.

Question 34

The confidence interval increases as the sample size, n, increases.

Question 35

The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the ____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 36

When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St.Louis and Kansas City, this is an example of:

A) descriptive statistics
B) the central limit theorem
C) inferential statistics
D) the standardized normal distribution

Question 37

Which of the following is not a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores?

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) range

Question 38

The midpoint of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.

A) proportion
B) mode
C) mean
D) median

Question 39

Suppose the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co.plant for Ford Explorers is 22, but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month.Then, the deviation score for this one day is ____.

A) -4
B) -2
C) +2
D) +4

Question 40

Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?

A) heteroskedasticity
B) mode
C) median
D) top-box score

Question 41

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT that it ____.

A) is symmetrical about its mean
B) has an infinite number of cases
C) mean identifies the normal curve's highest point (the mode)
D) has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 0

Question 42

The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is referred to as the ____________________.

Question 43

Suppose a population mean is assumed to be 20 and the sample standard deviation is 5.Then, a score of 15 would have a Z-value of approximately ____.

A) -7.00
B) -1.00
C) +1.00
D) +5.00

Question 44

Which of the following is the symbol for the sample standard deviation?

A) S
B) $\mu$ ₂
C) $\sigma$
D) $\sigma$ ₂

Question 45

A frequency distribution organized into a table or graph that summarizes percentage values associated with particular values of a variable is called a(n)____________________.

Question 46

Which theorem states that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution?

A) prospect
B) central-limit
C) dispersion
D) entropy

Question 47

The value which occurs most often is called the ____________________ score.

Question 48

A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a ____.

A) normal distribution
B) sample statistic
C) population distribution
D) standard error

Question 49

____________________ is a measure of variability; its square root is the standard deviation.

Question 50

Which of the following is the symbol for the population standard deviation?

A) S
B) $\sigma$
C) $\mu$
D) S²

Question 51

Find the approximate standard deviation of the following set of scores: 3, 6, 2, 7, 8.

A) 2.24
B) 2.59
C) 3.32
D) 6.70

Question 52

The simplest measure of the dispersion of a set of scores is the ____________________.

Question 53

When you add up a set of scores and divide the result by the number of scores, you have determined the ____________________ of the distribution.

Question 54

Measured characteristics of a specific population are called ____________________.

Question 55

One of the most common probability distributions in statistics is the _____ distribution.

A) normal
B) standard
C) central
D) confidence interval

Question 56

If the sample standard deviation is 10.5 and the sample mean is 48 based on a study with a sample size of 120, the 95 percent confidence interval about the mean is between approximately ____.

A) 44.37 and 51.63
B) 46.12 and 49.88
C) 47.88 and 48.12
D) 40.0 and 50.0

Question 57

A theoretical probability distribution of sample means for all possible samples of a certain size drawn from a particular population is called the ____.

A) range
B) standard median
C) dispersion
D) sampling distribution

Question 58

If 35 percent of TV viewers recalled seeing an ad for a Ford Explorer on a particular television program based on a sample of 800 viewers, the 95 percent confidence interval for this study would be between approximately ____.

A) 30 percent and 40 percent
B) 32 percent and 38 percent
C) 28 percent and 42 percent
D) 20 percent and 30 percent

Question 59

When a data set is summarized by counting the number of times each value for a variable occurs in the sample, this is known as a ____________________.

Question 60

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value, usually the sample mean, is called a ____.

A) confidence interval estimate
B) standard deviation
C) point estimate
D) variant

Question 61

Explain the central-limit theorem and discuss why it is useful to marketing researchers.

Question 62

Discuss the three factors required to specify sample size.

Question 63

Discuss confidence intervals

Question 64

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a(n)____________________.

Question 65

Traditionally, market researchers have used the ____________________ percent confidence level in research studies.

Question 66

The idea that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of samples of size n, when randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution is known as the ____________________.

Question 67

The range of numbers within which the population mean is expected to lie 95 percent of the time referred to as a(n)____________________ estimate.

Question 68

Name and describe the measures of central tendency.

Question 69

List the characteristics of the standardized normal distribution and explain why it is a useful distribution in inferential statistics.

Question 70

_____________ variables are those that the researcher should build into a survey that allow a comparison between sample units that do respond and those that do not respond.

Question 71

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called the ____________________ of the mean.

Question 72

Describe the measures of dispersion and explain why standard deviation is used most often.

Question 73

In computing a 95 percent confidence interval about a proportion for a sample size of 40, the appropriate Z-value to be used is ____________________.