Question 1

A 42-year-old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure,and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment.Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen? Treatment includes restricting:

Accepted Answer

Low-protein diets are recommended.
Low-protein diets,not reduced fats,are recommended.
Low-protein diets,not reduced carbohydrates,are recommended.
Low-protein diets,not reduced sugars,are recommended.

Question 2

A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood.The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:

Accepted Answer

With blood loss,renal failure is due to inadequate blood flow.
Kidney stones will lead to postrenal renal failure.
Intrarenal renal failure is due to glomerular nephritis.
Blood loss would not cause obstruction of the proximal tubule.

Question 3

A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized.She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN).Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

Accepted Answer

Intrarenal acute kidney failure is associated with several systemic diseases but is commonly related to ATN.
Prerenal renal failure occurs anterior to the kidney.
Extrarenal renal failure occurs outside the kidney.
Postrenal is due to diseases that obstruct the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Question 4

While turning a patient with chronic renal failure,which principle should the nurse recall? Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D.The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D.The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.Calcium is not lost in the urine.
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D.The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.Osteoblast activity is not accelerated.
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis of 1,25-vitamin D.The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.Antibodies do not develop.

Question 5

A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension,anorexia,nausea and vomiting,and anemia.She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.When the patient asks what caused this anemia,how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are inadequate in their production of erythropoietin.
The kidneys are inadequate in their production of erythropoietin; red cells may be lost in the urine,but it is the lack of erythropoietin that leads to anemia.
The kidneys are inadequate in their production of erythropoietin; it is not due to inadequate iron absorption.
The kidneys are inadequate in their production of erythropoietin; it is not due to red cell destruction.

Question 6

A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria.Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate.Which of the following types of renal failure should the nurse monitor for as it is the most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to obstruction by the prostate.
The patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to obstruction by the prostate.
The patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to obstruction by the prostate.
The patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to obstruction by the prostate.

Question 7

Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure leads to anemia because of declining erythropoietin production.
Chronic renal failure leads to anemia because of declining erythropoietin production.It is not due to blood loss.
Chronic renal failure leads to anemia because of declining erythropoietin production.It is not due to insensitivity to vitamin D.
Chronic renal failure leads to anemia because of declining erythropoietin production.It is not due to inadequate retention of serum iron.

Question 8

A patient with end-stage renal disease has pruritus.When the patient asks what causes this,what is the nurse's best response? Pruritus,seen in patients with end-stage renal disease,is caused by high levels of:

Accepted Answer

Pruritus is related to high levels of calcium.
Pruritus is related to high levels of calcium,not potassium.
Pruritus is related to high levels of calcium,not sodium.
Pruritus is related to high levels of calcium,not magnesium.

Question 9

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with renal failure.While the nurse is reviewing lab results,which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine is constantly released from muscle and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration.In chronic kidney disease (CKD),as glomerular filtration rate (GFR)declines,the plasma creatinine level increases by a reciprocal amount to maintain a constant rate of excretion.As GFR continues to decline,plasma creatinine concentration increases.
Creatinine is elevated; potassium is also elevated.
Metabolic acidosis develops.
Decreased urea clearance occurs.

Question 10

When a nurse is teaching about urinary pathogens in men.Which information should the nurse include? Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include (select all that apply):

Accepted Answer

Both the longer urethra and prostatic secretions decrease the risk of infection in men.The urine is not more alkaline,and they do not secrete mucus that traps bacteria.The ureters in men and women are implanted in similar positions and in their normal position; it is not a factor in the development of cystitis.

Quiz 29: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function