Question 1

A patient is looking at a picture of the brain and points to the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum.The nurse should tell the patient these are called:

Accepted Answer

The surface of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex)is covered with convolutions called gyri,which greatly increase the cortical surface area and the number of neurons.
The surface of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex)is covered with convolutions called gyri,not sulci,which greatly increase the cortical surface area and the number of neurons.
The surface of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex)is covered with convolutions called gyri,not fissures,which greatly increase the cortical surface area and the number of neurons.
The surface of the cerebrum (cerebral cortex)is covered with convolutions called gyri,not the reticular formation,which greatly increase the cortical surface area and the number of neurons.

Question 2

A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure.What is the nurse's best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata controls reflex activities,such as heart rate,respiration,blood pressure,coughing,sneezing,swallowing,and vomiting.
The medulla oblongata,not the pons,controls heart rate and blood pressure.
The medulla oblongata,not the midbrain,controls heart rate and blood pressure.The midbrain is primarily a relay center for motor and sensory tracts,as well as a center for auditory and visual reflexes.
The medulla oblongata controls reflex activities,such as heart rate and blood pressure.The cerebrum plays a role in the transfer of information.

Question 3

Which answer indicates a nurse understands regeneration of neurons? Neurons that have the capacity for regeneration include:

Accepted Answer

Regeneration is limited to myelinated fibers and generally occurs only in the PNS.
Regeneration does not occur in unmyelinated neurons.
Regeneration does not occur in myelinated neurons in the spinal cord.
Regeneration does not occur in postganglionic motor neurons.

Question 4

An aide asks a nurse what neurotransmitters interact with.Which response is the nurse's best answer? Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to a:

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters bind to a receptor.
The Nissl body is involved in protein synthesis.
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors,not glial cells.
Neurofibrils provide support for the neuron.

Question 5

When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres,what term should the nurse use?

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating activities between hemispheres.
The corpus callosum,not the peduncle,connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating activities between hemispheres.The peduncle is made up of efferent fibers of the corticospinal,corticobulbar,and corticopontocerebellar tracts.
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating activities between hemispheres.The basal ganglia is a portion of the pyramidal system.
The corpus callosum,not the pons,connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating activities between hemispheres.The pons (bridge)is easily recognized by its bulging appearance below the midbrain and above the medulla.

Question 6

When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls,how should the nurse respond? It controls:

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that regulate voluntary motor control,the skeletal muscle system.
The somatic nervous system does not control the heart; the autonomic nervous system controls the heart.
The somatic nervous system does not control the spinal cord; the central nervous system (CNS)does.
The somatic nervous system does not control the smooth muscle organs; the autonomic system does.

Question 7

A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns.Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus functions to maintain a constant internal environment and instinctive behavioral patterns.
It is the hypothalamus,not the thalamus,that maintains homeostasis.The thalamus serves also as a relay center for information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum to the appropriate motor area.
The medulla controls reflex activities,such as heart rate,respiration,blood pressure,coughing,sneezing,swallowing,and vomiting.
It is the hypothalamus that maintains homeostasis.The cerebellum is responsible for reflexive,involuntary fine-tuning of motor control,for maintaining balance and posture through extensive neural connections.

Question 8

A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease.He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements.Which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia system is believed to exert a stabilizing effect on motor movements.Parkinson disease and Huntington disease are conditions associated with defects of the basal ganglia.They are characterized by various involuntary or exaggerated motor movements.
It is the basal ganglia system,not the prefrontal area,that is affected in Parkinson disease.
It is the basal ganglia system,not the hippocampus,that is affected in Parkinson disease.
It is the basal ganglia system,not the temporal lobe,that is affected in Parkinson disease.

Question 9

A cell was isolated from the CNS.A researcher revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris.What type of cell is the researcher studying?

Accepted Answer

Microglia remove debris (phagocytosis)in the CNS.
Astrocytes are neuroglial cells and do not have phagocytic properties.
Ependymal cells are neuroglial cells and do not have phagocytic properties.
Schwann cells help form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 10

A neurologist is teaching the staff about motor neurons.Which information should be included? Motor neurons are structurally classified as _____ neurons.

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron is typically multipolar.
Unipolar neurons are found in the retina.
Pseudounipolar neurons have one process; the dendritic portion of each of these neurons extends away from the CNS,and the axon portion projects into the CNS.
Bipolar neurons are found in the eye.

Question 11

A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident.After rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired.Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (e.g.,ability to concentrate),short-term or recall memory,the elaboration of thought,and inhibition on the limbic areas of the CNS.
The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior,not the thalamus.
The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior,not the limbic system.
The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior,not the occipital area.

Question 12

A nurse is preparing to teach about nerves.Which information should the nurse include? The axon leaves the cell body at the:

Accepted Answer

The axon hillock is the cone-shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body.
The Nissl body is involved in protein synthesis.
Axons branch at the node of Ranvier.
The myelin sheath covers the entire membrane.

Question 13

If a neuron's membrane potential is held as close to the threshold potential by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs),the neuron is said to be:

Accepted Answer

Facilitation refers to the effect of EPSP on the plasma membrane potential.
The postsynaptic neuron's plasma membrane may be inhibited,which is called hyperpolarized.
When the neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential the neuron is facilitated,not integrated.
When the neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential,the neuron is facilitated,not inhibited.

Question 14

A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

Accepted Answer

The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.
The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe,not the frontal lobe.
The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe,not the temporal lobe.
The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe,not the parietal lobe.

Question 15

When a presynaptic neuron is stimulated in a patient's body by an electrical current,neurotransmitters are released from the:

Accepted Answer

When an impulse originates in a presynaptic neuron,the impulse reaches the vesicles,where chemicals (neurotransmitters)are stored in the synaptic bouton.
Neurons are not physically continuous with one another.The region between adjacent neurons is called a synapse.
The synaptic cleft is the space between the neurons.
Neurotransmitters attach to the receptor.

Question 16

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS.Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neurons have one process; the dendritic portion of each of these neurons extends away from the CNS,and the axon portion projects into the CNS.
Bipolar neurons have two distinct processes arising from the cell body.
Multipolar neurons are the most common and have multiple processes capable of extensive branching.A motor neuron is typically multipolar.
Interpolar is not a type of neuron.

Question 17

When a student asks in which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest,how should the nurse respond? The:

Accepted Answer

Large axons transmit impulses at a faster rate.
The axon hillock has a low threshold level.
The cell body is not the fastest.
The dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body,but not as quickly as large axons.

Question 18

A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech.Which area is the neurologist discussing?

Accepted Answer

The Broca area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
The Broca area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech,not the Wernicke area.
The Broca area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech,not the primary speech area.
The Broca area is responsible for the motor aspects of speech,not the insula.

Question 19

A 20-year-old male was brought to the emergency room (ER)for severe burns.He requested something for the excruciating pain he was experiencing.Blocking which of the following neurotransmitters would reduce his pain?

Accepted Answer

Substance P is a neurotransmitter in pain transmission pathways.Blocking the release of substance P by morphine reduces pain.
The opiates morphine and heroin bind to endorphin and enkephalin receptors on presynaptic neurons and reduce pain by blocking the release of neurotransmitters.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in activity.
Acetylcholine plays a role in nerve conduction presynaptically.

Question 20

A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets.A drug that stimulates which of the following areas would best treat his problem?

Accepted Answer

The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness.
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness,not the corpora quadrigemina.
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness,not the cerebellum.
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness,not the hypothalamus.

Quiz 12: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System