Question 1

Mr.Anthony has set up the lab many times for the experiment of acids and bases using litmus paper.In fact,he says he can practically do it with his eyes closed.He follows the same steps in the same order.What kind of memory is Mr.Anthony using to set up the lab for this experiment?
A)Production
B)Script
C)Priming
D)Classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Mr. Anthony is using a script to set up the lab for the experiment, as he follows the same steps in the same order each time. A script is a type of procedural memory that involves a series of steps to complete a task.

Question 2

Based on guidelines for gaining and maintaining students' attention,which of the following teachers is using an effective strategy?
A)Mr.Ganesh is demonstrating a procedure at the front of the room and pauses to say loudly to a student in the back row,"Put away the iPad."
B)"Let's read our lessons objectives on the board.This lesson is important because it helps us count money."
C)Mrs.Thornton moves back and forth as she presents a new concept.She never stands still when she makes a presentation.
D)"This is Monday.Do the same spelling activity we always do on Monday - write each word ten times."

Accepted Answer

Teacher B is using an effective strategy by clearly stating the learning objectives and emphasizing the importance of the lesson to students.

Answer: C
 Teacher C is using an effective strategy by using movement to keep students engaged and focused on the presentation.

Therefore, the best choices are B and C.

Question 3

During the standardized test,which student demonstrates implicit long-term memory?
A)Dan ponders questions four and five.He is trying to remember how to do the analysis required in the questions.
B)Shaylee begins the second section of the test and suddenly remembers that she forgot to text her mom and tell her what time to pick her up.
C)Jeremy reads the first few questions and is able to answer them quickly with confidence that they are right.
D)Haley's hand shakes as she begins the test,just like her hand shook when she took the SAT.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Rico is learning the steps to use when he accesses the secure sight to check his grades,look at assignments,and receive messages from his teachers.What kind of knowledge is he using?
A)Procedural
B)Declarative
C)Conditional
D)Elaborative

Accepted Answer

Rico is using procedural knowledge to learn the steps necessary to access the secure site, indicating that he is learning a set of skills or processes. Declarative knowledge involves knowing facts or information, while conditional knowledge requires understanding when and why to apply certain knowledge. Elaborative knowledge involves building on existing information to create new insights or connections.

Question 5

As a seven-year-old boy,Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths.He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings.He has caught many different butterflies and moths and pinned them to his display board.He looks up each one he catches and records specific information about it.He can explain their life cycles and numerous facts about them.What is his knowledge structure for all of this information?
A)Story grammar
B)Images
C)Schema
D)Visuospatial sketchpad

Accepted Answer

Schema refers to the mental framework that organizes knowledge and information in a meaningful way. In Dean's case, his knowledge about butterflies and moths is organized in a schema as he is able to identify different types of butterflies and moths, record their specific information, and explain their life cycles and facts about them.

Question 6

Marcelo focuses his attention on the diagram and studies the details to help him capture a visual image that he will remember.What kind of knowledge is Marcelo using?
A)Abstract knowledge
B)Domain-specific knowledge
C)General knowledge
D)Reinforcement

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marcelo focuses his attention on the diagram...

Question 7

Students are working in groups.In one group,students make the following comments.Which student uses episodic memory in a comment?
A)"We remember the facts the teacher wrote on the board.We can use that information."
B)"Look in the glossary to find the definition.I'll check the index for the reference I saw when I was reading."
C)"Remember the information from chapter 7.Try to use that information to answer the question."
D)"This is like the time we came up with a skit for Mr.Meeks in speech class and we all missed the point."

Accepted Answer

The student in option D is using episodic memory by recalling a personal experience (creating a skit for Mr. Meeks in speech class) to make a point about the current situation. The other comments are using semantic memory (remembering facts or information learned in the past) to help with the task at hand.

Question 8

As a seven-year-old boy,Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths.He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings.Today he saw several monarchs and caught one in his net.In his mental representations of butterflies and moths,the monarch he caught today is:
A)a concept.
B)a defining attribute.
C)a prototype.
D)an exemplar.

Accepted Answer

An exemplar is a specific instance or example of a concept, in this case, the specific monarch butterfly that Dean caught. It represents a real instance within the broader category of butterflies and moths that Dean is interested in.

Question 9

Which of the following students is probably most efficient in his multitasking?
A)Kobe is listening to his favorite country songs and memorizing the conversation he needs to recite in Spanish class.
B)Darren is driving to football practice and conversing with his dad about the budget for his birthday party.
C)Owen is listening to Mozart and reading his literature assignment.
D)Rashawn is texting his girlfriend and driving to work after school.

Accepted Answer

Owen is utilizing both auditory and visual senses in his multitasking by listening to music and reading at the same time, which suggests a higher level of efficiency in multitasking. The other options involve distractions that could prevent someone from effectively completing multiple tasks at once.

Question 10

A child listens to the sound of the letter k and watches the teacher write the letter k on the chart paper.Then the teacher tells the child to recall the character in yesterday's story who has a name that begins with the sound made by the letter k.What element or process of working memory is being used?
A)Phonological loop
B)Visuospatial sketchpad
C)Automaticity
D)Episodic buffer

Accepted Answer

The episodic buffer integrates information from different sources (visual, spatial, and verbal) into a single, multi-dimensional episode or memory. In this scenario, the child uses the episodic buffer to integrate the sound of the letter k (verbal), the visual representation of the letter k (visual), and the recall of a character from a story (an episode).

Question 11

Raj smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria down the hall from his classroom.What memory system is at work as Raj processes this stimulus?
A)Sensory
B)Phonological loop
C)Visuospatial sketchpad
D)Episodic buffer

Accepted Answer

The sensory memory system is at work as Raj processes the stimulus of the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria. This system holds sensory information for a brief moment before either transferring it into working memory or being forgotten.

Question 12

Ms.Van Dale is trying to read Regan's essay,but the handwriting is really small and letters are crunched together.She can make out the pattern of some of Regan's letters,and is guessing at the others.What type of processing is Ms.Van Dale using?
A)Top-down processing
B)Bottom-up processing
C)Phonological loop
D)Episodic buffer

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ms.Van Dale is trying to read Regan's...

Question 13

In the following learning situations,which one is described in a way that illustrates a cognitive view of learning?
A)Deidra's teacher complimented the way she created a Venn diagram in her notebook.
B)Montie's coach demonstrated the correct way to hold the bat and stand at the plate.Then Montie moved his hands down on the bat and practiced the correct stance.
C)Carla listened carefully to the lesson about fractions and remembered learning similar information about time signature in her piano lesson.
D)Sybil's teacher gave her a gold star for getting the correct answers on all of the practice problems.

Accepted Answer

This scenario shows that Carla is making connections between previously learned information (time signature in piano) and new information (fractions), which is a cognitive process of learning. The other scenarios involve feedback (A and D) or physical demonstration/practice (B), which are not necessarily cognitive in nature.

Question 14

When Jennifer took algebra,she was really quick about solving two-step equations.She hasn't taken a math course in over a year,and she's struggling on the standardized test.She knows it's worth taking the time to figure out the steps again and solve the equations.She is using:
A)spreading activation retrieval.
B)reconstruction retrieval.
C)implicit retrieval.
D)episodic retrieval.

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction retrieval refers to the process of reconstructing information based on general knowledge and past experiences. Jennifer is trying to reconstruct her knowledge of solving two-step equations by going back to the steps and practicing them again after a year of not using them.

Question 15

Kele has a history assignment that requires her to recall the events of World War II taking place in the Pacific and in Europe.She plans to draw a timeline showing the timing of major battles on both fronts,their duration,and their overlapping time frames.Which kind of cognitive load is required for her to do the deep processing related to the assignment and apply knowledge from two units as well as skills learned in other courses?
A)Intrinsic
B)Extraneous
C)Germane
D)Episodic

Accepted Answer

Germane cognitive load is the type of cognitive load that is required for processing and integrating new information into existing knowledge structures. In this case, Kele is drawing on her knowledge from two different units and applying skills from other courses, which requires her to engage in deep processing and integrate this information into a coherent timeline. Therefore, the cognitive load required for completing this assignment is germane cognitive load.

Question 16

Ashton is one of Mrs.O'Connor's students.She is working on a math task that requires the use of a formula.She tries one formula and gets the wrong answer.She checks her work and realizes she is using the wrong formula.She tries a different formula and gets the right answer.What type of knowledge does she demonstrate as she decides which formula to use?
A)Declarative knowledge
B)Conditional knowledge
C)Procedural knowledge
D)Elaborative knowledge

Accepted Answer

Ashton is demonstrating conditional knowledge, which is the knowledge of when and where to apply specific procedures or formulas based on the situation at hand. She recognizes that the first formula she used was incorrect and needed to be replaced with the correct formula to solve the problem correctly.

Question 17

Which of the following middle school students is using the element of working memory known as the phonological loop to hold information?
A)Jerita is drawing a map of the counties in her state and highlighting the counties that produce the most corn.
B)Marcus is writing an essay on the topic of his choice,and he chose to write about global warming.
C)Suri is solving an algebra problem using the model presented in her text.
D)Darrin is working with his partner to create harmony on a new piece for band.

Accepted Answer

Darrin is working with his partner to create harmony in a new piece for band. This requires holding auditory information in the phonological loop, as they listen to the melody and work on creating harmonies.

Question 18

A teacher asks students to compare two leaders,identifying similarities and differences in their leadership styles.What type of memory do the students need to use to complete this task?
A)Intrinsic
B)Semantic
C)Implicit
D)Episodic

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our general knowledge about the world such as concepts, facts, and ideas. In this task, the students need to recall information about the leadership styles of two different leaders and then compare and contrast them. This involves accessing their semantic memory to retrieve information about these leaders' leadership styles and applying their knowledge to identify similarities and differences.

Question 19

Mrs.O'Connor assigns a task in math.She does not review prerequisite knowledge and skills.The task requires students to use a formula they learned in a prior unit.Several students struggle with the task.What type of knowledge do they need that they seem to lack?
A)Declarative knowledge
B)Conditional knowledge
C)Procedural knowledge
D)Elaborative knowledge

Accepted Answer

Procedural knowledge refers to the ability to perform certain skills or procedures, such as using a formula. If the students are struggling with using the formula, it suggests that they may not have developed the necessary procedural knowledge to apply it correctly.

Question 20

If Rhonda wants to use maintenance rehearsal to keep information in working memory,which of the following will she do?
A)"I need to write down the tracking number as soon as I find a pen to copy it from the Web site."
B)"The number has part of my phone number plus my favorite number and 89."
C)"The tracking number is 2680 5589,2680 5589,2680 5589."
D)"Two plus 6 is 8 and that helps me remember the first part of the number."

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information. Choice C, where Rhonda repeats the tracking number multiple times, is a direct example of this process.

Quiz 8: Cognitive Views of Learning

Mr.Anthony has set up the lab many times for the experiment of acids and bases using litmus paper.In fact,he says he can practically do it with his eyes closed.He follows the same steps in the same order.What kind of memory is Mr.Anthony using to set up the lab for this experiment?

Based on guidelines for gaining and maintaining students' attention,which of the following teachers is using an effective strategy?

During the standardized test,which student demonstrates implicit long-term memory?

Rico is learning the steps to use when he accesses the secure sight to check his grades,look at assignments,and receive messages from his teachers.What kind of knowledge is he using?

Marcelo focuses his attention on the diagram and studies the details to help him capture a visual image that he will remember.What kind of knowledge is Marcelo using?

Students are working in groups.In one group,students make the following comments.Which student uses episodic memory in a comment?

As a seven-year-old boy,Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths.He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings.Today he saw several monarchs and caught one in his net.In his mental representations of butterflies and moths,the monarch he caught today is:

Which of the following students is probably most efficient in his multitasking?

Raj smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria down the hall from his classroom.What memory system is at work as Raj processes this stimulus?

Ms.Van Dale is trying to read Regan's essay,but the handwriting is really small and letters are crunched together.She can make out the pattern of some of Regan's letters,and is guessing at the others.What type of processing is Ms.Van Dale using?

In the following learning situations,which one is described in a way that illustrates a cognitive view of learning?

When Jennifer took algebra,she was really quick about solving two-step equations.She hasn't taken a math course in over a year,and she's struggling on the standardized test.She knows it's worth taking the time to figure out the steps again and solve the equations.She is using:

Which of the following middle school students is using the element of working memory known as the phonological loop to hold information?

A teacher asks students to compare two leaders,identifying similarities and differences in their leadership styles.What type of memory do the students need to use to complete this task?

Mrs.O'Connor assigns a task in math.She does not review prerequisite knowledge and skills.The task requires students to use a formula they learned in a prior unit.Several students struggle with the task.What type of knowledge do they need that they seem to lack?

If Rhonda wants to use maintenance rehearsal to keep information in working memory,which of the following will she do?