Deck 8: Cognitive Views of Learning

Question 1

Mr.Anthony has set up the lab many times for the experiment of acids and bases using litmus paper.In fact,he says he can practically do it with his eyes closed.He follows the same steps in the same order.What kind of memory is Mr.Anthony using to set up the lab for this experiment?

A)Production
B)Script
C)Priming
D)Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Script

Question 2

Based on guidelines for gaining and maintaining students' attention,which of the following teachers is using an effective strategy?

A)Mr.Ganesh is demonstrating a procedure at the front of the room and pauses to say loudly to a student in the back row,"Put away the iPad."
B)"Let's read our lessons objectives on the board.This lesson is important because it helps us count money."
C)Mrs.Thornton moves back and forth as she presents a new concept.She never stands still when she makes a presentation.
D)"This is Monday.Do the same spelling activity we always do on Monday - write each word ten times."

Answer 2

"Let's read our lessons objectives on the board.This lesson is important because it helps us count money."

Question 3

During the standardized test,which student demonstrates implicit long-term memory?

A)Dan ponders questions four and five.He is trying to remember how to do the analysis required in the questions.
B)Shaylee begins the second section of the test and suddenly remembers that she forgot to text her mom and tell her what time to pick her up.
C)Jeremy reads the first few questions and is able to answer them quickly with confidence that they are right.
D)Haley's hand shakes as she begins the test,just like her hand shook when she took the SAT.

Answer 3

Haley's hand shakes as she begins the test,just like her hand shook when she took the SAT.

Question 4

Rico is learning the steps to use when he accesses the secure sight to check his grades,look at assignments,and receive messages from his teachers.What kind of knowledge is he using?

A)Procedural
B)Declarative
C)Conditional
D)Elaborative

Question 5

As a seven-year-old boy,Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths.He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings.He has caught many different butterflies and moths and pinned them to his display board.He looks up each one he catches and records specific information about it.He can explain their life cycles and numerous facts about them.What is his knowledge structure for all of this information?

A)Story grammar
B)Images
C)Schema
D)Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 6

Marcelo focuses his attention on the diagram and studies the details to help him capture a visual image that he will remember.What kind of knowledge is Marcelo using?

A)Abstract knowledge
B)Domain-specific knowledge
C)General knowledge
D)Reinforcement

Question 7

Students are working in groups.In one group,students make the following comments.Which student uses episodic memory in a comment?

A)"We remember the facts the teacher wrote on the board.We can use that information."
B)"Look in the glossary to find the definition.I'll check the index for the reference I saw when I was reading."
C)"Remember the information from chapter 7.Try to use that information to answer the question."
D)"This is like the time we came up with a skit for Mr.Meeks in speech class and we all missed the point."

Question 8

As a seven-year-old boy,Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths.He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings.Today he saw several monarchs and caught one in his net.In his mental representations of butterflies and moths,the monarch he caught today is:

A)a concept.
B)a defining attribute.
C)a prototype.
D)an exemplar.

Question 9

Which of the following students is probably most efficient in his multitasking?

A)Kobe is listening to his favorite country songs and memorizing the conversation he needs to recite in Spanish class.
B)Darren is driving to football practice and conversing with his dad about the budget for his birthday party.
C)Owen is listening to Mozart and reading his literature assignment.
D)Rashawn is texting his girlfriend and driving to work after school.

Question 10

A child listens to the sound of the letter k and watches the teacher write the letter k on the chart paper.Then the teacher tells the child to recall the character in yesterday's story who has a name that begins with the sound made by the letter k.What element or process of working memory is being used?

A)Phonological loop
B)Visuospatial sketchpad
C)Automaticity
D)Episodic buffer

Question 11

Raj smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria down the hall from his classroom.What memory system is at work as Raj processes this stimulus?

A)Sensory
B)Phonological loop
C)Visuospatial sketchpad
D)Episodic buffer

Question 12

Ms.Van Dale is trying to read Regan's essay,but the handwriting is really small and letters are crunched together.She can make out the pattern of some of Regan's letters,and is guessing at the others.What type of processing is Ms.Van Dale using?

A)Top-down processing
B)Bottom-up processing
C)Phonological loop
D)Episodic buffer

Question 13

In the following learning situations,which one is described in a way that illustrates a cognitive view of learning?

A)Deidra's teacher complimented the way she created a Venn diagram in her notebook.
B)Montie's coach demonstrated the correct way to hold the bat and stand at the plate.Then Montie moved his hands down on the bat and practiced the correct stance.
C)Carla listened carefully to the lesson about fractions and remembered learning similar information about time signature in her piano lesson.
D)Sybil's teacher gave her a gold star for getting the correct answers on all of the practice problems.

Question 14

When Jennifer took algebra,she was really quick about solving two-step equations.She hasn't taken a math course in over a year,and she's struggling on the standardized test.She knows it's worth taking the time to figure out the steps again and solve the equations.She is using:

A)spreading activation retrieval.
B)reconstruction retrieval.
C)implicit retrieval.
D)episodic retrieval.

Question 15

Kele has a history assignment that requires her to recall the events of World War II taking place in the Pacific and in Europe.She plans to draw a timeline showing the timing of major battles on both fronts,their duration,and their overlapping time frames.Which kind of cognitive load is required for her to do the deep processing related to the assignment and apply knowledge from two units as well as skills learned in other courses?

A)Intrinsic
B)Extraneous
C)Germane
D)Episodic

Question 16

Ashton is one of Mrs.O'Connor's students.She is working on a math task that requires the use of a formula.She tries one formula and gets the wrong answer.She checks her work and realizes she is using the wrong formula.She tries a different formula and gets the right answer.What type of knowledge does she demonstrate as she decides which formula to use?

A)Declarative knowledge
B)Conditional knowledge
C)Procedural knowledge
D)Elaborative knowledge

Question 17

Which of the following middle school students is using the element of working memory known as the phonological loop to hold information?

A)Jerita is drawing a map of the counties in her state and highlighting the counties that produce the most corn.
B)Marcus is writing an essay on the topic of his choice,and he chose to write about global warming.
C)Suri is solving an algebra problem using the model presented in her text.
D)Darrin is working with his partner to create harmony on a new piece for band.

Question 18

A teacher asks students to compare two leaders,identifying similarities and differences in their leadership styles.What type of memory do the students need to use to complete this task?

A)Intrinsic
B)Semantic
C)Implicit
D)Episodic

Question 19

Mrs.O'Connor assigns a task in math.She does not review prerequisite knowledge and skills.The task requires students to use a formula they learned in a prior unit.Several students struggle with the task.What type of knowledge do they need that they seem to lack?

A)Declarative knowledge
B)Conditional knowledge
C)Procedural knowledge
D)Elaborative knowledge

Question 20

If Rhonda wants to use maintenance rehearsal to keep information in working memory,which of the following will she do?

A)"I need to write down the tracking number as soon as I find a pen to copy it from the Web site."
B)"The number has part of my phone number plus my favorite number and 89."
C)"The tracking number is 2680 5589,2680 5589,2680 5589."
D)"Two plus 6 is 8 and that helps me remember the first part of the number."

Question 21

Stefano worked at his desk preparing his presentation for English class.He finished his rough draft and sent it to the printer.His printer only printed the first page and signaled that it was out of paper.Stefano decided to make a list of what he needed to get at the store besides printer paper.Then he realized that his route to the store takes him past his girlfriend's house.He thinks about stopping for a minute,but then remembers that he borrowed a tool from her dad.He needs to return the tool.This type of memory retrieval is:

A)spreading activation.
B)reconstruction.
C)a script.
D)procedural.

Question 22

Celeste is trying to learn the series of steps involved in a lengthy procedure she needs to use in chemistry class.She takes the first letter of a keyword in each step and puts the combination of letters together to form a contrived word she can remember.What process is Celeste using to remember the steps?

A)Chain mnemonics
B)Keyword method
C)Mnemonic technique using the loci method
D)Mnemonic technique of creating an acronym

Question 23

Stephen listened to the agent explain the process of filing a claim with the company,getting an estimate on the damage,and getting his car repaired.He counted about six steps as the agent talked.He made mental notes about the steps he needed to follow and repeated them to the agent.Now he is trying to keep these steps in his working memory as he drives his damaged car home.He doesn't have his phone or other electronics for making notes and he's tight on time.
Describe two different procedures Stephen might use to keep the information activated in his working memory.Explain pros and cons of each strategy.

Question 24

You are teaching sixth grade students,and you are preparing a lesson about reading informational text.Personalize the guidelines for helping students understand and remember.Tell what you will do beginning with your plan for gaining their attention.Continue with your plan for maintaining their attention,helping them connect new and previously learning,and focus on meaning.

Question 25

After the first month of school,Mr.Lennox places a suggestion box in his classroom and encourages students to drop suggestions anonymously into the box.He opens the box at the end of the week and reads a note suggesting that he stop lecturing.The student says that lectures put him or her to sleep.
Mr.Lennox wants students to learn history.He realizes the value of the declarative knowledge he is presenting,and he wants it to hold meaning for his students.Mr.Lennox shows you the suggestion and asks for recommendations.As his colleague,you are in a position to help.
What,besides lecturing,might Mr.Lennox do in his teaching to help students create semantic memory of historical events?
What might Mr.Lennox do in his teaching to help students create episodic memory of historical events?

Question 26

Griffin has been cast as the lead character in the school play.He has a lot of lines to memorize and about three weeks before rehearsals begin.He plans to memorize about five pages per night,making sure he has memorized Act I by the end of the first week.What method of memorization is Griffin using?

A)Massed practice
B)Serial effect
C)Distributed practice
D)Loci method

Question 27

Ms.Cicardo wants her students to remember the material they are covering in language arts.They will need the information in units of study throughout the year.To support their learning,she creates diagrams on chart paper and posts them on the wall for children to see.She provides a handout with printed instruction and explains the material as students look at their handouts.What is Ms.Cicardo using to help students learn and store the information and retrieve it later?

A)Generative learning
B)Dual coding
C)Elaboration
D)Reconstruction

Question 28

Mrs.Thomas is a new fourth grade teacher.In the third week of school,she is introducing a new science unit that includes several words that will probably be new to most of the students.The unit involves extensive declarative knowledge,and Mrs.Thomas has chunked the information into small segments that her students can grasp.Now she is in the classroom and ready to begin the introduction with the students.What is the first thing she must do in order to meet her goal of helping students learn?

A)Present visual information
B)Present verbal information
C)Gain students' attention
D)Use dual coding

Question 29

Morgandi has been helping her mother cook since she was a preschooler.In cooking,she has learned to use various measuring tools.She has doubled recipes and halved recipes using measuring cups and spoons and has learned to use fractions in this context.Her twin brother Eric is just as smart as Morgandi,but he has never used fractions.Yesterday,the teacher started the unit about fractions in math class.
Compare the learning process for Morgandi and Eric during the unit on fractions in math class.From a cognitive perspective,explain the differences.