Question 1

When participants in a memory experiment were given clock-face labels to associate with curvilinear limb positioning movements,retention tests results showed that the criterion positions were remembered with:
A) More error than unlabeled positions
B) No increase in error during a 60-sec retention interval
C) Large increase in error during a 60-sec retention interval
D) No error at all

Accepted Answer

The question asks how well the criterion positions were remembered with clock-face labels, and the correct answer is that there was no increase in error during a 60-sec retention interval. This suggests that the labels were effective in aiding participants' memory of the positions. Choices A, C, and D are all incorrect because they suggest that the labels were not effective or even hindered participants' recall.

Question 2

An organization process that results in increasing the size of working memory and involves combining smaller units of information to make larger ones is an activity commonly called ________.

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 3

Which of the follow describes why verbal labels and visual metaphoric imagery aid the learning of complex motor skill? They:
A) Reduce the complexity of the skill that needs to be performed
B) Change an abstract array of movements to a more meaningful form
C) Direct the performer's attention to the movements to be performed
D) Increase the cognitive processing requirement for learning the skill

Accepted Answer

Verbal labels and visual metaphoric imagery can help learners understand the abstract series of movements involved in a complex motor skill by providing a more meaningful form of representation, enabling them to better visualize and conceptualize the movements involved. This can help increase understanding and retention of the skill.

Question 4

In terms of capacity,working memory is comparable to what other information processing component? ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of capacity,working memory is comparable...

Question 5

If you are asked to demonstrate how you tie your shoes,you would base your demonstration on knowledge stored in long-term memory in the:
A) Episodic memory system
B) Semantic memory system
C) Procedural memory system
D) Muscle memory system

Accepted Answer

Tying shoes is a procedural task that is learned through repetition and practice, making it part of the procedural memory system.

Question 6

One reason why proactive interference affects memory performance is that interfering movements similar to the criterion-to-be-recalled movement create ________ so that the distinctiveness of the criterion movement is reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason why proactive interference affects memory...

Question 7

Declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory is easier to verbalize than procedural knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Declarative knowledge refers to factual knowledge that can be explicitly stated, while procedural knowledge refers to knowledge of how to do something, such as a skill or procedure. Declarative knowledge can be easily put into words, while procedural knowledge is more difficult to verbalize and is often better demonstrated through action.

Question 8

In 1890,William James used which two terms to distinguish between memory of recent events and memory for information stored permanently?
A) Short-term memory and long-term memory
B) Working memory and long-term memory
C) Primary memory and secondary memory
D) Perceptual memory and permanent memory

Accepted Answer

William James distinguished between two types of memory, which he referred to as primary memory and secondary memory. Primary memory referred to the ability to hold information in the mind for a short period of time, similar to what is now called short-term memory. Secondary memory referred to the ability to store information for a longer period of time, similar to what is now called long-term memory. Thus, the best choice is C.

Question 9

The term used in the study of memory to indicate that information that was once learned is no longer in memory or is not retrievable at the moment is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term used in the study of...

Question 10

In a memory experiment,when information that is not to be recalled is presented during the retention interval,the experiment is investigating the effect of ________ interference on memory performance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a memory experiment,when information that is...

Question 11

The most commonly accepted reason serial discrete motor skills seem to be forgotten more quickly than continuous motor skills is that serial discrete motor skills are:
A) Difficult to perform
B) Very complex
C) Largely verbal
D) Not attention demanding

Accepted Answer

Serial discrete motor skills are largely verbal, which makes them more susceptible to forgetting compared to continuous motor skills that rely more on muscle memory and less on verbal processing.

Question 12

When the context characteristics of the presentation and recall conditions in a memory test are considered,memory performance will:
A) Be better the more similar the two contexts
B) Be better the more dissimilar the two contexts
C) Not be affected by the similarity or dissimilarity of the two contexts
D) There is not enough evidence to make a conclusion

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that memory performance is better when the context characteristics of the presentation and recall conditions are more similar. This phenomenon is known as context-dependent memory. A similar environmental context or state during encoding and retrieval ensures that the context becomes a cue that can retrieve the associated memory, resulting in better memory recall.

Question 13

In a memory experiment,when information not to be recalled is presented after information to be recalled,the experiment is designed to test the effect of:
A) Trace decay
B) Proactive interference
C) Retroactive interference
D) Context effects

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information interferes with the ability to recall older information. In this experiment, the information that is not to be recalled (newer information) is presented after the information that is to be recalled (older information), which can interfere with the ability to remember the older information.

Question 14

In addition to serving as a temporary storage system,working memory also serves as a:
A) Permanent storage system
B) Library of information
C) Procedural knowledge storage location
D) Temporary workspace

Accepted Answer

Working memory is a temporary workspace where information is actively processed and manipulated, rather than a permanent storage system. It is responsible for holding information in the short-term while we use it to complete cognitive tasks, and it is heavily involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and reasoning.

Question 15

Two important functions of working memory are to serve as a: (1)storage location for information just presented; (2)workspace to integrate information you just received with information retrieved from ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two important functions of working memory are...

Question 16

The Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory proposed that memory should be considered in terms of:
A) Structural characteristics
B) Structure and control processes
C) Functional rather than structural characteristics
D) Levels of processing characteristics

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson and Shiffrin model proposed that memory is composed of structural features (sensory, short-term, and long-term memory) and control processes that govern the movement of information between those structures. Therefore, choice B, which includes both structure and control processes, is the best option.

Question 17

Research investigations by Ste.-Marie and colleagues have shown that gymnastics judges' scoring is often biased due to the effects of:
A) Trace decay
B) Proactive interference
C) Retroactive interference
D) Context effects

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research investigations by Ste.-Marie and colleagues have...

Question 18

When we remember characteristics of a performance context that we were not instructed to remember,we demonstrate the influence of memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When we remember characteristics of a performance...

Question 19

The ________ principle proposes that the best memory test performance will occur when the practice and test conditions match.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ principle proposes that the best...

Question 20

Experts use long-term working memory when they need access to a large amount of relevant knowledge while performing an activity.

Accepted Answer

Experts rely on long-term working memory in order to access a significant amount of relevant knowledge while carrying out a task. This enables them to perform the activity more effectively and efficiently.

Quiz 10: Memory Components, forgetting, and Strategies

When participants in a memory experiment were given clock-face labels to associate with curvilinear limb positioning movements,retention tests results showed that the criterion positions were remembered with:

An organization process that results in increasing the size of working memory and involves combining smaller units of information to make larger ones is an activity commonly called ________.

Which of the follow describes why verbal labels and visual metaphoric imagery aid the learning of complex motor skill? They:

In terms of capacity,working memory is comparable to what other information processing component? ________

If you are asked to demonstrate how you tie your shoes,you would base your demonstration on knowledge stored in long-term memory in the:

One reason why proactive interference affects memory performance is that interfering movements similar to the criterion-to-be-recalled movement create ________ so that the distinctiveness of the criterion movement is reduced.

Declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory is easier to verbalize than procedural knowledge.

In 1890,William James used which two terms to distinguish between memory of recent events and memory for information stored permanently?

The term used in the study of memory to indicate that information that was once learned is no longer in memory or is not retrievable at the moment is ________.

In a memory experiment,when information that is not to be recalled is presented during the retention interval,the experiment is investigating the effect of ________ interference on memory performance.

The most commonly accepted reason serial discrete motor skills seem to be forgotten more quickly than continuous motor skills is that serial discrete motor skills are:

When the context characteristics of the presentation and recall conditions in a memory test are considered,memory performance will:

In a memory experiment,when information not to be recalled is presented after information to be recalled,the experiment is designed to test the effect of:

In addition to serving as a temporary storage system,working memory also serves as a:

Two important functions of working memory are to serve as a: (1)storage location for information just presented; (2)workspace to integrate information you just received with information retrieved from ________.

The Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory proposed that memory should be considered in terms of:

Research investigations by Ste.-Marie and colleagues have shown that gymnastics judges' scoring is often biased due to the effects of:

When we remember characteristics of a performance context that we were not instructed to remember,we demonstrate the influence of memory.

The ________ principle proposes that the best memory test performance will occur when the practice and test conditions match.

Experts use long-term working memory when they need access to a large amount of relevant knowledge while performing an activity.