Question 1

When you give a person augmented feedback based on a "performance bandwidth," you give feedback only when the person's performance is:
A) Outside a specific range of correctness
B) Within a specific range or correctness
C) Outside or within a specific range of correctness
D) Correct

Accepted Answer

When giving augmented feedback based on a "performance bandwidth," the feedback is only given when the person's performance is outside a specific range of correctness. This type of feedback can help the person to improve their performance by focusing on the areas where they need the most improvement.

Question 2

The KP used in Wallace and Hagler's basketball shooting experiment:
A) Was essential for learning the skill
B) Was not essential for learning the skill,but enhanced it
C) Hindered skill learning
D) Motivated skill learning

Accepted Answer

The KP used in the basketball shooting experiment was not essential for learning the skill, but it enhanced it. The study found that participants who received visual feedback through KP performed better than those who did not receive any feedback. Therefore, the KP enhanced skill learning in this experiment.

Question 3

Participants who were given erroneous KR when they could have learned a task based on task-intrinsic feedback without KR:
A) Attended to the task-intrinsic feedback and ignored the erroneous KR
B) Ignored the task-intrinsic feedback and performed according to the erroneous KR
C) Attended to both the task-intrinsic feedback and erroneous KR and performed according to a mid-point between them
D) Became confused and performed erratically

Accepted Answer

Participants who can learn a task based on task-intrinsic feedback without KR may choose to ignore the task-intrinsic feedback and rely solely on the KR provided, even if it is incorrect. This is known as the "guidance hypothesis" where individuals tend to follow explicit guidance rather than relying on their own perceptual systems to learn a task. Therefore, the participants in this scenario most likely ignored the task-intrinsic feedback and performed according to the erroneous KR.

Question 4

Experimental evidence shows that,compared to qualitative KR,quantitative KR leads to:
A) Better performance than qualitative KR only early in practice
B) Better performance than qualitative KR early and late in practice
C) No better performance than qualitative KR early in practice but better than qualitative KR later in practice
D) No better performance than qualitative KR early and later in practice

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experimental evidence shows that,compared to qualitative KR,quantitative...

Question 5

Most research shows that when augmented feedback is based on performance errors versus correct performance:
A) Error-based feedback is better for facilitating motor skill learning.
B) Correct performance feedback is better for facilitating motor skill learning.
C) Error-based feedback is better early in practice,but correct performance feedback is better later in practice.
D) Correct performance feedback is better early in practice,but error-based feedback is better later in practice

Accepted Answer

Most research indicates that error-based feedback is better for facilitating motor skill learning as it helps learners identify and correct their mistakes, leading to improved performance. Feedback based on correct performance can provide reinforcement but may not be as effective in helping learners recognize and correct errors.

Question 6

When augmented feedback tells the performer which movement characteristics produced the movement outcome,the type of augmented feedback is known as:
A) Sensory feedback
B) Augmented sensory feedback
C) Knowledge of results (KR)
D) Knowledge of performance (KP)

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of performance (KP) provides information about the movement characteristics that led to the performance outcome, focusing on the quality of the movement itself rather than just the result.

Question 7

If you are told "your score was 16 on that attempt," the type of augmented feedback you received is known as:
A) Sensory feedback
B) Augmented sensory feedback
C) Knowledge of results (KR)
D) Knowledge of performance (KP)

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of results (KR) is feedback about the outcome or result of performing a skill. In this case, the score of 16 is a result and therefore falls under KR. Sensory feedback (A) is information received through the senses about the movement or performance of a skill, while augmented sensory feedback (B) is artificially created feedback to enhance sensory feedback. Knowledge of performance (KP) (D) is feedback about the movement or performance of a skill itself, rather than the outcome.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about descriptive and prescriptive verbal KP is correct?
A) Descriptive verbal KP is preferable to prescriptive verbal KP early in practice
B) Prescriptive verbal KP is preferable to descriptive verbal KP early in practice
C) Either descriptive or prescriptive verbal KP is appropriate to use early in practice
D) Neither descriptive nor prescriptive verbal KP should be used early in practice

Accepted Answer

Prescriptive verbal KP, providing specific cues and instructions for correct technique, is more effective early in practice when the learner is still developing the correct movement patterns. Descriptive verbal KP, on the other hand, only describes what the learner is doing, which may not be helpful in correcting errors or improving technique. As the learner progresses and gains more proficiency, descriptive verbal KP can be more helpful in promoting self-awareness and refining technique.

Question 9

The optimal frequency for providing augmented feedback depends on:
A) The skill being learned
B) The skill level of the learner
C) A and B
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The optimal frequency for providing augmented feedback depends on both the skill being learned and the skill level of the learner. Different skills and different learners may benefit from different frequencies and types of feedback. It is important for coaches and teachers to individualize feedback based on these factors. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it acknowledges the importance of both factors in determining optimal feedback frequency.

Question 10

If a person throws a series of 50 darts at a target that cannot be seen and is shown the results of each set of 10 throws at the end of every 10 throws,the augmented feedback technique is called the:
A) Performance-bandwidth technique
B) Averaged augmented feedback technique
C) Summary augmented feedback technique
D) Self-selected technique

Accepted Answer

The summary augmented feedback technique provides feedback after a set of repetitions rather than after each trial. In this scenario, the feedback is given after every 10 throws, which would fall under the summary augmented feedback technique. Performance-bandwidth technique would involve giving feedback only when performance falls outside of a certain range or bandwidth. Averaged augmented feedback technique would involve giving feedback based on the average of all 50 throws rather than after every 10 throws. Self-selected technique would involve the person choosing when they receive feedback.

Question 11

To help a person learn to activate a specific muscle group to produce a desired movement,the type of biofeedback that has been shown to be effective is the:
A) Force-time curve resulting from the movement
B) Displacement curve from their movement
C) Velocity profile of their movement
D) EMG associated with their movement

Accepted Answer

EMG (electromyography) is a type of biofeedback that measures the electrical activity of muscles during movement. By using EMG, a person can learn to recognize and activate a specific muscle group to produce a desired movement. This type of biofeedback has been shown to be effective in improving muscle activation and movement patterns.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the use of concurrent augmented feedback?
A) When driving on a narrow,curvy street in a car simulator,seeing different visible signals to indicate when the car is inside or outside the street
B) When using EMG biofeedback,hearing a beeping sound when the target muscle is activated
C) When performing a knee-extension movement,seeing the knee-angle displacement curve change on a computer monitor
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

All of these options involve the use of concurrent augmented feedback, which means that the feedback is given during the actual performance of the task. In option A, the visible signals indicating the car's position are concurrent with the act of driving. In option B, the beeping sound indicating muscle activation is concurrent with the attempt to activate the muscle. In option C, the knee-angle displacement curve is updated in real time, providing concurrent feedback during the movement.

Question 13

Research shows that when learners can self-select when they receive augmented feedback they typically ask for it:
A) Frequently and after good trials
B) Frequently and after poor trials
C) Infrequently and after good trials
D) Infrequently and after poor trials

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that when learners can self-select...

Question 14

One activity shown to actually benefit skill learning when it occurs in the KR-delay interval is:
A) Practicing another skill that has KR presented on each trial
B) Performing any type of motor skill
C) Performing any type of verbal skill
D) Estimating your own error for the just completed response

Accepted Answer

Estimating your own error for the just completed response has been shown to improve skill learning during the KR-delay interval by promoting self-evaluation and learning from mistakes. Practicing another skill with KR or performing any type of motor or verbal skill may be beneficial activities, but they do not specifically target improving learning during the KR-delay interval.

Question 15

A learner is most likely to become dependent on augmented feedback when:
A) Task-intrinsic feedback is minimal or difficult to detect
B) The learner substitutes augmented feedback for task-intrinsic feedback
C) Augmented feedback becomes an essential part of the task
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

When task-intrinsic feedback is minimal or difficult to detect, the learner may become overly reliant on augmented feedback. If the learner substitutes augmented feedback for task-intrinsic feedback, he or she is also likely to become dependent on it. Additionally, if augmented feedback becomes an essential part of the task, the learner may rely on it too heavily, leading to dependence. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to a learner becoming dependent on augmented feedback.

Question 16

Longer augmented feedback summaries are better for learning:
A) Complex skills
B) Simple skills
C) Open skills
D) Closed skills

Accepted Answer

The answer of Longer augmented feedback summaries are better for...

Question 17

The "guidance hypothesis," which relates to the frequency of KR,takes issue with which traditional viewpoint about the best frequency for KR?
A) The more frequently KR is given,the better the learning will be
B) The less frequently KR is given,the better the learning will be
C) A combination of 100% and relative frequency leads to the best learning
D) More frequent KR early in practice and less frequent KR later in practice leads to the best learning

Accepted Answer

The "guidance hypothesis" challenges the traditional view that more frequent knowledge of results (KR) always leads to better learning, suggesting instead that too much feedback can actually hinder the learning process by making the learner dependent on it.

Question 18

When the source of information about a response is the person's own sensory system,the type of feedback is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the source of information about a...

Question 19

If video replay is used as augmented feedback for beginners,research shows that it tends to works better when it is used:
A) In any situation in all stages of learning
B) Only for advanced performers
C) Only with the instructor present
D) Video replays should never be used with beginners

Accepted Answer

Video replay as augmented feedback is most effective for beginners when it is used with the instructor present. This allows the instructor to guide the learner's attention to critical aspects of the performance, facilitating a more effective learning process.

Question 20

When augmented feedback serves to encourage a person to continue striving to achieve a performance goal,augmented feedback functions as:
A) A guide to correct errors
B) Motivation
C) Reinforcement
D) Task intrinsic feedback

Accepted Answer

When augmented feedback encourages a person to continue striving to achieve a performance goal, it functions as motivation. Option A (guide to correct errors) implies that the person made an error, but this is not always the case with augmented feedback. Option C (reinforcement) can be correct in some cases, but it is not the best answer because it does not specifically relate to encouraging a person to continue striving. Option D (task intrinsic feedback) is also incorrect because intrinsic feedback is naturally provided by the task itself, whereas augmented feedback is provided externally.

Quiz 15: Augmented Feedback

When you give a person augmented feedback based on a "performance bandwidth," you give feedback only when the person's performance is:

The KP used in Wallace and Hagler's basketball shooting experiment:

Participants who were given erroneous KR when they could have learned a task based on task-intrinsic feedback without KR:

Experimental evidence shows that,compared to qualitative KR,quantitative KR leads to:

Most research shows that when augmented feedback is based on performance errors versus correct performance:

When augmented feedback tells the performer which movement characteristics produced the movement outcome,the type of augmented feedback is known as:

If you are told "your score was 16 on that attempt," the type of augmented feedback you received is known as:

Which of the following statements about descriptive and prescriptive verbal KP is correct?

The optimal frequency for providing augmented feedback depends on:

If a person throws a series of 50 darts at a target that cannot be seen and is shown the results of each set of 10 throws at the end of every 10 throws,the augmented feedback technique is called the:

To help a person learn to activate a specific muscle group to produce a desired movement,the type of biofeedback that has been shown to be effective is the:

Which of the following is an example of the use of concurrent augmented feedback?

Research shows that when learners can self-select when they receive augmented feedback they typically ask for it:

One activity shown to actually benefit skill learning when it occurs in the KR-delay interval is:

A learner is most likely to become dependent on augmented feedback when:

Longer augmented feedback summaries are better for learning:

The "guidance hypothesis," which relates to the frequency of KR,takes issue with which traditional viewpoint about the best frequency for KR?

When the source of information about a response is the person's own sensory system,the type of feedback is called ________.

If video replay is used as augmented feedback for beginners,research shows that it tends to works better when it is used:

When augmented feedback serves to encourage a person to continue striving to achieve a performance goal,augmented feedback functions as: