Question 1

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis, as developed by Sigmund Freud, proposed that behavior was influenced by unconscious sexual and aggressive desires. This concept was controversial in American culture, which had more conservative attitudes towards sexuality and morality at the time.

Question 2

Within psychology, psychoanalysis had its greatest influence on:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis had its greatest influence on clinical practice, as it originated as a therapeutic technique and has been widely used in the field of psychology to treat various mental health issues. While it has also had some influence on developmental psychology and social psychology, its impact in those areas is not as significant as its impact on clinical practice. It has had little to no influence on cognitive psychology.

Question 3

Freud termed the _____ as the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the unconscious is the largest part of our mind, containing repressed memories, desires, and unacceptable thoughts that influence our behavior but are not directly accessible to our conscious awareness. The preconscious refers to memories and thoughts that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily brought to consciousness with some effort, while the subconscious is a broader term that encompasses both the conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind. The self-conscious is a state of heightened awareness of oneself, such as in social situations where one is acutely aware of how one is perceived by others.

Question 4

Freud's view of human nature was largely _____, whereas the view of humanistic psychologists was largely _____.

Accepted Answer

Freud had a negative view of human nature, believing that humans were driven by unconscious desires and conflicts that led to anxiety and neurosis. Humanistic psychologists, on the other hand, had a positive view of human nature, believing that individuals have the potential for growth, self-awareness, and self-actualization.

Question 5

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

The approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is behaviorism. It emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior and rejects the notion of studying internal mental processes, focusing solely on measurable actions and reactions.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud is to Edward Titchener as _____ is(are) to _____.

Accepted Answer

Freud is known for his work on the unconscious mind, while Titchener focused on the structure of conscious experience.

Question 7

_____ is described as the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is a school of psychology that emphasizes the scientific study of objectively observable behavior, rather than subjective experiences like thoughts and feelings. It originated in the early 20th century as a reaction to the introspective methods of structuralism and functionalism, and was championed by figures like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Behaviorists believe that behavior is shaped by environmental contingencies (i.e. the specific cause-and-effect relationships between actions and consequences), and that these contingencies can be studied scientifically through experimentation and observation.

Question 8

Which psychologist was NOT part of the psychoanalytic movement?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers was not part of the psychoanalytic movement, but rather the humanistic movement in psychology.

Question 9

The term "patient" is to psychoanalysis as the term "client" is to:

Accepted Answer

The term client is commonly used in the behaviorist approach, which emphasizes the importance of observable behavior and the environmental factors that influence it. This is in contrast to psychoanalysis, which often uses the term patient and focuses on uncovering unconscious psychological processes.

Question 10

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

Accepted Answer

The psychological approach that emphasizes a person's potential for positive growth is known as humanistic psychology, and it was developed primarily by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. They believed in the importance of self-actualization and personal growth, and focused on the individual's subjective experience and subjective perception of the world. Freud and Jung were psychoanalytic psychologists, Skinner and Watson were behaviorists, and Gall and Broca were phrenologists.

Question 11

Freud emphasized that the problems of many patients could be traced to:

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis suggested that many problems experienced by patients could be traced back to repressed memories and traumatic experiences from their childhood, particularly those related to their relationships with their parents. These experiences could not be consciously remembered by the patient, but could manifest as symptoms such as anxiety, phobias, and other emotional difficulties.

Question 12

Which statement is NOT a reason why psychoanalysis gradually lost influence within psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis did advance from a theory to a clinical practice, with Freud and his followers developing therapeutic techniques based on psychoanalytic principles. The decline in its influence was more due to factors like the difficulty in testing its theories, the controversial nature of its themes, and the rise of alternative psychological approaches.

Question 13

Carrie is working with a patient to uncover the patient's early experiences as well as trying to bring unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness. Carrie is using which approach to work with her patient?

Accepted Answer

Carrie is using the psychoanalytical approach which aims to discover the patient's unconscious conflicts and anxieties by exploring early experiences and bringing them to awareness.

Question 14

Psychoanalysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that involves bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness. The goal of psychoanalysis is to help patients gain insight into their unconscious thoughts and feelings, which can help them better understand and cope with their emotions and behaviors.

Question 15

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors is called:

Accepted Answer

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes is psychoanalytic theory, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that much of our behavior is driven by unconscious conflicts and desires that are rooted in early childhood experiences.

Question 16

In the late 1800s, Charcot and Janet noted that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients:

Accepted Answer

Charcot and Janet observed that symptoms of hysteria could be eliminated when patients were hypnotized. This led to the development of hypnotherapy as a treatment for hysteria and other psychological disorders. While other treatments, such as electroconvulsive shock therapy, were also used at the time, hypnosis showed promising results in reducing or eliminating symptoms without the negative side effects often associated with other treatments.

Question 17

In the late 1800s, a temporary loss of cognitive or motor function, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences, was termed:

Accepted Answer

The term used in the late 1800s to describe temporary loss of cognitive or motor function as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences was hysteria.

Question 18

Mariah is a teacher and believes that all her students have an inherent need to develop, grow, and reach their full potential. Mariah's beliefs are best characterized by which approach?

Accepted Answer

Mariah's belief in the inherent need for growth and development aligns with the principles of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth as fundamental human motivations.

Question 19

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach in psychology emphasizes the positive potential of human beings and their ability to grow and change. This approach focuses on individuals' subjective experiences and views them as unique, rather than attempting to apply one-size-fits-all methods for understanding and treating behavior. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal growth, making it the best fit for the question.

Question 20

In terms of its subject matter for analysis, which school of psychology most differs from the others?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of its subject matter for...

Quiz 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science