Question 1

Over time, Heather has begun to feel a strong emotional attachment to her therapist, treating him like a father figure. This represents the process of:

Accepted Answer

Transference is a psychoanalytic term that describes the process by which a patient unconsciously transfers feelings and attitudes from significant others onto the therapist. In this scenario, Heather's attachment to her therapist as a father figure is an example of transference.

Question 2

Researchers at a pharmaceutical company are studying a new drug's effectiveness in reducing depression and are specifically interested in how the drug affects men vs. women. What may be the best type of treatment study for them to use?

Accepted Answer

Outcome studies are the best type of treatment study for researchers to use because they can compare the effectiveness of the new drug in reducing depression in men and women.

Question 3

What form of psychodynamic therapy focuses on helping clients improve their current relationships?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a form of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on improving clients' current relationships. Its primary goals are to improve interpersonal communication skills, address problems in current relationships, and improve social support networks. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring the unconscious roots of psychological issues, person-centered therapy focuses on the client's self-discovery and self-actualization, and social psychotherapy focuses on improving the social context and environmental factors impacting a person's mental health.

Question 4

The goal of psychoanalysis is for the client to understand _____ by developing _____.

Accepted Answer

The goal of psychoanalysis is for the client to understand the unconscious by developing insight. Psychoanalytic therapy involves exploring and bringing to consciousness repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories that are stored in the unconscious. Through this process of gaining insight, clients can begin to understand the root causes of their current behaviors, emotions, and relationship patterns.

Question 5

The two main types of treatments for mental disorders are:

Accepted Answer

The two main types of treatments for mental disorders are psychotherapy (such as talk therapy) and medical/biological treatment (such as medication). While psychotherapy focuses on changing thought patterns and behavior through counseling, medical/biological treatment uses medication and other physical interventions to address the symptoms of the disorder. Both types of treatment can be effective, and often a combination of both is recommended for the best results.

Question 6

_____ have a master's degree, are often employed by government or private social service agencies, and are trained to work with people in dire circumstances, such as poverty, homelessness, or severe family conflict.

Accepted Answer

Social workers are trained to work with individuals, families, and communities in need. They typically have a master's degree and are employed by government or private social service agencies. Their work often involves helping people in dire circumstances, such as poverty, homelessness, or severe family conflict. Counsellors, psychologists, and psychiatrists may also work with people in these circumstances but they may have different training and job responsibilities.

Question 7

Sometimes during treatment, a client develops a(n) _____, in which the therapist induces a disorder or symptom because the therapist becomes convinced that the client has the disorder, which in fact the client does not have.

Accepted Answer

Iatrogenic illness refers to an illness or symptom that is induced by a medical or healthcare provider as a result of treatment. In psychology, it can refer to a therapist inducing a disorder or symptom in a client because they become convinced that the client has the disorder, even if the client does not.

Question 8

Which statement about psychological disorders is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. In reality, many people with major depressive disorder do not seek treatment due to social stigma, lack of access to healthcare, or fear of being judged.

Question 9

One of the most common treatments of depression is to use SSRIs, which work by:

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, increasing the amount of serotonin available in the synapse. This helps to alleviate symptoms of depression as serotonin plays a role in regulating mood. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe how SSRIs work.

Question 10

A common therapy used to treat anxiety and depression, known as _____, stresses that some behaviors are not controlled through rational thought, but, nevertheless, there are ways of helping people to think more rationally when thought does play a role.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes the role of both cognition and behavior in affecting emotions, and aims to help individuals identify and change negative patterns of thinking and behavior that contribute to anxiety and depression. CBT recognizes that irrational thoughts can contribute to negative emotions and behaviors, but also emphasizes that changing behavior can also lead to changes in thoughts and emotions.

Question 11

Token economy is a technique used in what type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

Token economy is a behavioral therapy technique that uses a system of rewards, usually in the form of tokens, to reinforce desired behaviors and discourage undesirable behaviors. Tokens can be exchanged for privileges or rewards, and the goal is to increase the frequency of desired behaviors over time. This technique is often used in settings such as schools, prisons, and mental health facilities to help individuals with behavioral or emotional problems.

Question 12

Cognitive therapy focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy aims to change an individual's distorted thinking patterns and beliefs that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors. It is based on the idea that our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors, and by changing our thinking patterns, we can improve our emotional and behavioral responses to situations. Options A and B are incorrect as cognitive therapy does not focus on uncovering unconscious desires or changing behavior through punishment and reward. Option D is also incorrect as cognitive therapy does not aim to enhance intelligence through cognitive tests.

Question 13

Alison and her therapist have agreed that Alison will control the length and frequency of her sessions. Her therapist also tries not to give advice but instead rephrases Alison's concerns in order to help Alison feel safe expressing her thoughts and feelings. Alison is probably in what type of therapy?

Accepted Answer

The fact that Alison is in control of the length and frequency of her sessions and that her therapist is rephrasing her concerns to help her feel safe expressing her thoughts and feelings points towards person-centered therapy. This approach emphasizes empowering the client and putting their needs and goals at the center of the therapeutic process. The other options, while they may also have elements of client empowerment, are not typically associated with such a strong emphasis on client control and self-direction in the therapy process.

Question 14

Which of these is the best treatment for anxiety?

Accepted Answer

While all options can be effective for treating anxiety, the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication has been shown to be the most effective approach in many cases. Medication can provide immediate relief of symptoms while cognitive behavioral therapy helps individuals develop long-term coping strategies and behavioral changes to manage anxiety. Electroconvulsive therapy is typically used for severe cases of depression and is not a recommended treatment for anxiety.

Question 15

Which of these is not used to treat major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are not typically used to treat major depressive disorder. They are more commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The other options listed (transcranial magnetic stimulation, SSRIs, and electroconvulsive therapy) are all used to treat major depressive disorder.

Quiz 16: Section 6: Treatment of Psychological Disorders