Question 1

The first episode of schizophrenia typically occurs in which age group?

Accepted Answer

The first episode of schizophrenia typically occurs in late adolescence to early adulthood, usually in the late teens to mid-30s.

Question 2

Over the last eight months, at school and at home, Chris has been running around when he is supposed to be sitting, not paying attention to what he is told to do, getting easily distracted during tasks, and regularly losing focus when he is trying to read. Chris may well be experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Chris is exhibiting classic symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including difficulty sitting still, lack of focus, and being easily distracted. Autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, and schizophrenia are all different conditions with distinct symptom profiles that do not align with the behaviors described in this scenario.

Question 3

Which of these is NOT recognized by the DSM-5 as being an early-onset disorder?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is typically recognized as a disorder that emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood, not as an early-onset disorder.

Question 4

Which personality disorder is NOT among the anxious/inhibited cluster?

Accepted Answer

Schizoid personality disorder is categorized in the eccentric cluster, not the anxious/inhibited cluster.

Question 5

Early neuroimaging research revealed that schizophrenia was associated with an enlargement of the:

Accepted Answer

Early neuroimaging research found that individuals with schizophrenia had enlarged ventricles in their brain, indicating a loss of brain tissue. This was one of the earliest biological markers for the condition.

Question 6

_____ disorders are defined as deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause distress or impaired functioning.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders are defined as deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause distress or impaired functioning. Dissociative disorders involve disruptions in a person's memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of their surroundings. Mood disorders involve disturbances in a person's emotional state, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or worry and can include panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias.

Question 7

Schizophrenia occurs in about _____ percent of the population and is slightly more prevalent in _____.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population and is slightly more prevalent in men than in women.

Question 8

The average risk for developing schizophrenia is highest for which of these?

Accepted Answer

The average risk for developing schizophrenia is highest for a monozygotic twin whose sibling has schizophrenia. Monozygotic (identical) twins share 100% of their genetic material, while dizygotic (fraternal) twins share only 50%, and siblings share 50% on average. Children of two parents with schizophrenia have a 40-50% chance of developing the disorder, which is lower than the risk for a monozygotic twin of someone with schizophrenia.

Question 9

Which of these is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are actually a positive symptom of schizophrenia, as they involve the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors. Negative symptoms, on the other hand, involve a lack of normal experiences or behaviors, such as social withdrawal, lack of emotion, and poverty of speech.

Question 10

The DSM-5 lists _____ personality disorders.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 lists 10 personality disorders, which are grouped into three clusters based on shared characteristics.

Question 11

Approximately _____ as many boys than girls meet the criteria for ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that boys are approximately twice as likely as girls to meet the criteria for ADHD.

Question 12

The concordance rate for schizophrenia among identical twins is approximately _____ percent.

Accepted Answer

The concordance rate for schizophrenia among identical twins is around 48 percent, indicating a genetic factor in the development of the disorder.

Question 13

Children who experience ADHD may experience any of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Children with ADHD often struggle with sustained attention, memory, and organization, but do not necessarily have difficulty avoiding interrupting others. In fact, interrupting others is often a common behavior associated with ADHD.

Question 14

Autistic disorder is most associated with impairments in:

Accepted Answer

Autistic disorder is primarily characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, such as impaired ability to understand and use nonverbal communication (e.g., facial expressions, tone of voice), difficulty initiating or maintaining conversations, and limited ability to form relationships with others. While individuals with autism may also experience challenges in other areas such as attention and self-control, logical reasoning, and general intelligence, these are not the primary defining features of the disorder.

Question 15

The rate of autism diagnoses have increased over the past few years. Which of these is NOT a reason for this increase?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rate of autism diagnoses have increased...

Question 16

Which statement about the relationship between neuroanatomy and schizophrenia is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about the relationship between neuroanatomy...

Question 17

_____ is NOT one of the three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders.

Accepted Answer

The three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders are odd/eccentric, anxious/inhibited, and dramatic/erratic. Histrionic/depressive is not a recognized cluster.

Question 18

During the 1950s, drugs were discovered that could reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia by _____ levels of the neurotransmitter _____.

Accepted Answer

Drugs discovered in the 1950s for the treatment of schizophrenia, known as antipsychotics, work by decreasing the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. This is based on the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, which suggests that overactivity of dopamine in certain areas of the brain is responsible for positive symptoms of the disorder.

Question 19

Shirin sits for hours with her head in her hands and doesn't move a muscle. When a nurse tries to pull her head up, she resists. Her disorder has been diagnosed as schizophrenia; her behavior suggests that the type is:

Accepted Answer

Shirin's behavior of sitting with her head in her hands and resisting when someone tries to move her head suggests that she may be experiencing symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia. This type of schizophrenia is characterized by a range of symptoms that affect a person's ability to move, speak, and respond to their environment. Individuals with catatonic schizophrenia may exhibit unusual postures, resist movement, or repeat certain movements over and over again.

Question 20

What is the condition in which a child or adolescent engages in a persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations?

Accepted Answer

The condition described is conduct disorder, which is characterized by persistent and repetitive patterns of deviant behavior, including aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations. Autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder do not necessarily involve these specific behaviors or patterns.

Quiz 15: Section 2: Psychological Disorders